PCOS and Endometrial Receptivity: Insights and Ayurvedic Solutions
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Endometrial Receptivity Current Perspectives and Solution Through Ayurveda
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Nidhi Bajpai
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Prasuti Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS BHU, Varanasi, UP, India.
Anuradha Roy
Associate Professor, Department of Prasuti Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS BHU, Varanasi, UP, India.
Binay Sen
Assistant professor, Department of Dravya Guna, Faculty of Ayurveda, BHU, Varanasi, UP, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Endometrial Receptivity Current Perspectives and Solution Through Ayurveda
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10i4.1299
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by symptoms such as oligomenorrhea, anovulation, hirsutism, and acne, with its prevalence rising significantly in recent years. PCOS can lead to various fertility issues, particularly related to endometrial receptivity, which refers to the uterus's ability to accept an embryo. The article reviews existing literature to explore the association between PCOS and defective endometrial receptivity and investigates potential solutions through Ayurvedic approaches.
Endometrial Receptivity in PCOS
One crucial aspect discussed in the article is the impairment of endometrial receptivity in women with PCOS. Altered function of the endometrium often remains an overlooked factor in infertility. The review highlights the impact of hormonal imbalances, particularly low progesterone levels due to chronic ovulatory defects, on endometrial receptivity. This situation leads to increased difficulty in embryo implantation, thus reducing the chances of successful pregnancies in affected individuals. Various studies referenced in the article indicate a correlation between PCOS and abnormal endometrial markers, underscoring the need for a more focused approach in treating fertility issues associated with this syndrome.
Ayurvedic Solutions to Improve Endometrial Receptivity
The review presents several Ayurvedic remedies that may enhance endometrial receptivity and address the underlying metabolic dysfunctions associated with PCOS. Herbs such as Aloe Vera, Ginger, and Flaxseed are cited for their potential to regulate hormonal levels and improve menstrual health, while also addressing insulin resistance. Additionally, the Ayurvedic concepts of �Artava� (menstrual health) and �Ashaya dushti� (ovarian dysfunction) are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of PCOS. Treatment strategies derived from Ayurvedic practices aim to clear blockages in body channels, normalize metabolic activity, and promote overall reproductive health.
Conclusion
The article concludes that PCOS is a significant contributor to female infertility, with distinct histopathological and molecular markers indicating endometrial defects. Ayurvedic single herbs show promise in addressing these issues by improving endometrial receptivity and correcting hormonal imbalances. Consequently, integrating Ayurvedic treatments may offer effective solutions for managing PCOS and enhancing fertility outcomes, thereby addressing a growing health concern among women globally. The emphasis on both conventional and alternative approaches highlights the need for a comprehensive strategy in treating this multifactorial condition.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and its prevalence?
PCOS is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by irregular menstruation, anovulation, and symptoms like hirsutism. Its prevalence has increased significantly, ranging from 2% to 18% over the last two decades.
How does PCOS affect endometrial receptivity and fertility?
PCOS can lead to poor endometrial receptivity due to hormonal imbalances, which results in fertility issues and implantation failures. Factors such as low progesterone levels and androgen excess contribute to these problems.
What role do Ayurvedic herbs play in treating PCOS?
Ayurvedic herbs may improve PCOS symptoms by enhancing metabolic activity and endometrial receptivity. They help in restoring hormonal balance and clearing obstructions, thereby improving fertility outcomes in affected individuals.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “PCOS and Endometrial Receptivity: Insights and Ayurvedic Solutions�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine native to India, which emphasizes a holistic approach to health and disease, focusing on balancing [Doshas](#Dosha) to maintain physical and mental well-being. PCOS and its symptoms are managed within the principles of Ayurveda using specific herbs and regimens.
2) Blood:
[see source text or glossary: Blood]
3) Homa:
HOMA-IR, or Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, is a measure used to assess insulin resistance, which is a common feature in PCOS patients. High HOMA-IR levels indicate poor insulin sensitivity, which may contribute to the pathology of PCOS.
4) Disease:
PCOS is described as a heterogeneous endocrine disease. Its manifestation includes various symptoms like anovulation and hirsutism and involves several contributing factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, and genetic predisposition.
5) Nidhi:
Nidhi Bajpai is one of the authors of the study discussed in the text. She, along with her co-authors, reviews the role of Ayurveda in managing PCOS and its associated conditions like endometrial receptivity.
6) Dosha (Dosa):
In Ayurveda, Doshas are the fundamental bio-elements governing the body's physical and mental processes. Imbalance in Doshas, especially [Vata](#Vata), [Pitta](#Dhatu), and [Kapha](#Kapha), can lead to various health issues, including PCOS.
7) Vata:
[Vata Dosha](#Vata-dosha) in Ayurveda refers to the bio-energy that governs movement and communication within the body. Imbalances in Vata can contribute to health issues, including conditions related to PCOS.
8) Drug:
Drugs mentioned in the context of the text refer to both conventional and Ayurvedic medications used to treat conditions like PCOS. Ayurvedic drugs, such as [Cocos nucifera](#cocos-nucifera) and [Tribulus terrestris](#Tribulus terrestris), are discussed for their beneficial effects.
9) Inflammation:
Inflammation, often measured by markers like TNF-α, plays a significant role in PCOS pathology. The text discusses Ayurvedic herbs like [Menthaspicata](#Menthaspicata) for their anti-inflammatory properties, which can help manage PCOS symptoms.
10) Substance:
[see source text or glossary: Substance]
11) Artava:
Artava refers to the menstrual blood and reproductive fluids in Ayurveda. Disorders in Artava, or menstrual dysfunction, are a significant concern in conditions like PCOS and can lead to subfertility or infertility.
12) Powder:
Several Ayurvedic interventions for PCOS involve the use of powdered herbs. For example, [Cinnamonzeylanicum](#Cinnamon) bark powder and [Glycyrrhiza glabra](#Glycyrrhiza glabra) have been researched for their beneficial effects on metabolic and hormonal parameters.
13) Dhatu:
Dhatus are the bodily tissues in Ayurveda. The treatment principles for PCOS involve improving the function of these Dhatus, particularly Rasa Dhatu, which is analogous to plasma in modern medicine.
14) Balya:
[Balya](#Balya) refers to the Ayurvedic attribute of herbs that provides strength and nourishment to the body. Herbs like [Narikela](#Narikela) are considered Balya and can support overall health and reproductive function.
15) Sugar:
Blood sugar levels and insulin sensitivity are crucial in managing PCOS. Ayurvedic herbs like [Methi](#Methi) are used to help normalize blood sugar levels and improve symptoms associated with insulin resistance.
16) Birth:
Birth weight is mentioned as a factor that might influence the development of PCOS. The hypothesis implies that the degree of insulin resistance among normal-weight women plays a role in the pathology of PCOS.
17) Cina:
Several studies discussed in the text are from China. For instance, Gao Q et al. conducted research on the gene expression profiles of PCOS patients in China, highlighting the international scope of PCOS research.
18) Tribulus terrestris:
Tribulus terrestris, known as Gokshura in Ayurveda, is used for its anti-inflammatory and hormonal balancing properties. It is shown to improve symptoms of PCOS, such as increasing LH and estradiol levels and reducing insulin resistance.
19) Cocos nucifera:
Cocos nucifera, or coconut, is mentioned for its potential benefits in PCOS. Studies have shown it helps normalize the estrous cycle and improve lipid profiles, making it beneficial for managing metabolic symptoms of PCOS.
20) Dysmenorrhea (Dysmenorrhoea):
[see source text or glossary: Dysmenorrhoea]
21) Rasadhatu (Rasa-dhatu):
Rasa-dhatu in Ayurveda is the primary fluid that nourishes the body, comparable to plasma. Ensuring the proper functioning of Rasa-dhatu is crucial in managing PCOS, as it helps maintain overall health and reproductive function.
22) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vata-dosha is one of the three primary Doshas in Ayurveda, governing movement. Imbalances in Vata-dosha can lead to various health issues, including those related to reproductive health and PCOS.
23) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are compounds found in many herbs, including [Menthaspicata](#Menthaspicata) and [Tribulus terrestris](#Tribulus terrestris). They possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, beneficial in managing PCOS symptoms.
24) Narikela:
[Narikela](#Cocos nucifera), or coconut, is highlighted in Ayurvedic treatment for its benefits like reducing cholesterol and improving estrous cycles. It is considered Balya and nourishing in Ayurvedic medicine.
25) Gokshura (Goksura, Go-kshura):
Gokshura, or [Tribulus terrestris](#Tribulus terrestris), is used in Ayurveda for its anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and hormonal balancing properties. It helps manage symptoms of PCOS and improves reproductive health.
26) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is noted as the location of the Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS BHU, where the contributing authors, including [Nidhi Bajpai](#Nidhi), are affiliated. This institution is involved in the research of PCOS treatment through Ayurveda.
27) Nirgundi (Nirgumdi):
[Nirgundi](#Vitex agnus) castus, or Vitex agnus-castus, is used in Ayurveda to manage symptoms of PCOS by regulating hormones and reducing prolactin levels. It helps normalize menstrual cycles and hormone levels.
28) Ashaya (Asaya):
Ashaya dushti refers to disorders related to reproductive organs in Ayurveda. Conditions like PCOS fall under this category, and their management involves clearing obstructions in the reproductive channels.
29) Varṇya (Varnya):
[Varnya](#Yashtimadhu) refers to substances that enhance complexion. In the context of Ayurveda, [Glycyrrhiza glabra](#Glycyrrhiza glabra) is noted for its Varnya properties and its potential to treat conditions like hyperpigmentation in PCOS.
30) Kshaya (Ksaya):
Aartava-kshaya is an Ayurvedic term referring to the depletion or reduction of reproductive tissues and fluids, often seen in PCOS. Managing Aartava-kshaya is crucial for treating PCOS and improving fertility outcomes.
31) Shunthi (Sunthi, Sumthi, Shumthi):
[Sunthi](#Zingiber officinale), or Zingiber officinale, known as ginger, is used in Ayurveda as an anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering agent. It helps manage hormonal imbalances and improve reproductive health in PCOS.
32) Kumari:
[Kumari](#Aloebarbadensis) miller, or Aloe vera, is known for its blood purifying and menstrual flow restoring properties. It helps modulate hormone levels, reduce implantational loss, and improve insulin sensitivity in PCOS.
33) Egypt:
Studies from Egypt, such as those by Essam R et al., contribute to the understanding of PCOS and endometrial receptivity. Research from various countries supports the global effort to find effective treatments.
34) Methi:
[Methi](#Trigonella foenum), or Trigonella foenum-graecum, is noted for its properties in regulating blood sugar, improving LH and FSH ratios, and reducing ovarian volume in PCOS patients. It’s a valuable herb in Ayurvedic treatment.
35) Hara:
[Kushtha-hara](#Kushtha-hara) refers to the properties of substances that alleviate skin problems. Herbs like [Yashtimadhu](#Yashtimadhu) possess these properties, making them useful in managing skin-related symptoms of PCOS.
36) Rasa (Rasha):
[Rasa](#Rasa-dhatu) refers to the primary bodily fluids that nourish the body. Ensuring proper function of Rasa is crucial in managing PCOS, as it supports overall health and reproductive function.
37) Flax:
[Flax](#Linum usitattisimum) seed, or Linum usitatissimum, contains lignans that help decrease androgen levels and improve lipid profiles. It supports follicle development and reduces cyst formation in PCOS patients.
38) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, or [Sunthi](#Sunthi), is noted for its properties in reducing cholesterol and managing hormone levels like LH and FSH. It's beneficial in treating PCOS by balancing reproductive hormones.
39) Glycyrrhiza glabra:
Glycyrrhiza glabra, or [Yashtimadhu](#Yashtimadhu), is used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps improve ovulation rates and manage skin conditions like hyperpigmentation associated with PCOS.
40) Vatapittahara (Vatapitta-hara):
Vatapitta-hara refers to substances that alleviate both Vata and Pitta doshas. Herbs like [Foeniculumvulgare](#Mishreya) have these properties and are useful in managing conditions like PCOS by balancing these doshas.
41) Kushthahara (Kusthahara, Kushtha-hara):
Kushtha-hara refers to substances alleviating skin problems in Ayurveda. Herbs like [Vitex agnus](#Nirgundi) castus and [Glycyrrhiza glabra](#Glycyrrhiza glabra) help manage skin conditions related to PCOS.
42) Yashtimadhu (Yastimadhu, Yashti-madhu):
Yashtimadhu, or [Glycyrrhiza glabra](#Glycyrrhiza glabra), is known for its sweet taste and therapeutic properties, including its role in managing ovulation and skin conditions like hyperpigmentation in PCOS.
43) Mahakashaya (Mahakasaya, Maha-kashaya):
Mahakashaya refers to a group of 50 principal herbs in Ayurveda, known for their potent medicinal properties. Herbs like [Yashtimadhu](#Yashtimadhu) belong to this group and are used to treat various conditions, including PCOS.
44) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravya-guna is a branch of Ayurveda that studies the properties and actions of medicinal substances. This knowledge is crucial in selecting appropriate herbs like [Cocos nucifera](#Cocos nucifera) and [Tribulus terrestris](#Tribulus terrestris) for treating PCOS.
45) Garbhashaya (Garbhasaya, Garbha-ashaya):
Garbhashaya refers to the uterus in Ayurveda. Treatments for PCOS often focus on improving the health and function of the Garbhashaya to enhance fertility and manage menstrual irregularities.
46) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha-dosha is one of the three fundamental bio-elements in Ayurveda, governing structure and stability in the body. Imbalances in Kapha can contribute to conditions like PCOS, necessitating appropriate treatments.
47) Anti-aging:
Anti-aging properties in Ayurvedic herbs like [Tribulus terrestris](#Tribulus terrestris) provide antioxidant effects and improve cellular function. These properties are beneficial in managing the symptoms of PCOS.
48) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]
49) Vatapitta (Vata-pitta):
[Vatapitta-hara](#Vatapitta-hara) refers to substances that help alleviate disorders involving both Vata and Pitta doshas, often contributing to the pathology of PCOS.
50) Upadhatu:
Upadhatu refers to secondary tissues that support bodily functions in Ayurveda. In the context of PCOS, maintaining the health of Upadhatu like Artava is crucial for reproductive health.
51) Mishreya (Misreya):
[Mishreya](#Foeniculumvulgare) or Foeniculum vulgare is used in Ayurveda for its estrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps manage menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea in PCOS patients.
52) Cinnamon:
[Cinnamon](#Cinnamonzeylanicum) zeylanicum, or Cinnamon, is used for its anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering properties. It's effective in managing metabolic symptoms in PCOS, such as insulin resistance.
53) Medicine:
[Ayurveda](#Ayurveda) is a traditional system of medicine used to manage various diseases, including PCOS, through herbs and holistic treatment approaches.
54) Pregnant:
Improving endometrial receptivity and hormonal balance through Ayurvedic herbs can help increase the likelihood of becoming pregnant in women with PCOS.
55) Kshetra (Ksetra):
[Apana Kshetra](#Apana) refers to the pelvic region in Ayurveda, where reproductive functions are controlled. Disorders in this area contribute to conditions like PCOS, and treatments focus on restoring balance here.
56) Prasuti:
Prasuti Tantra is a branch of Ayurvedic medicine focused on obstetrics and gynecology. Authors like Dr. Anuradha Roy from [Varanasi](#Varanasi) study PCOS under this discipline to discover effective treatments.
57) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kushtha in Ayurveda refers to skin diseases. Ayurveda utilizes herbs like [Vitex agnus](#Nirgundi) castus to manage skin manifestations of PCOS, such as acne and hyperpigmentation.
58) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
Tantra in the context of Ayurveda refers to a body of knowledge, often applied in Prasuti Tantra, the discipline focused on female reproductive health. It guides the treatment of conditions like PCOS.
59) Dravya:
[Dravya-guna](#Dravya-guna) focuses on the study of Dravyas (substances) and their properties, essential for selecting appropriate treatments in Ayurveda for conditions like PCOS.
60) Keshya (Kesya):
Keshya refers to substances beneficial for hair health. Herbs like [Vitex agnus](#Nirgundi) castus are used in Ayurveda to manage hair loss and other hair-related issues in PCOS patients.
61) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas are channels in the body through which nutrients and waste materials are transported. In PCOS, clearing obstructions in reproductive [Srotas](#Srotas) is essential for restoring normal function.
62) Podina:
[Podina](#Menthaspicata) or Menthaspicata is studied for its anti-androgenic and hypoglycemic effects. It helps reduce symptoms like hirsutism and manage insulin resistance in PCOS.
63) Animal:
Animal studies are conducted to test the effectiveness of Ayurvedic herbs on PCOS. For instance, extracts of [Cocos nucifera](#Cocos nucifera) and [Aloe vera](#Kumari) were tested on rats to observe their impact on estrous cycles and blood sugar levels.
64) Kappa:
[see source text or glossary: Kappa]
65) Kapha:
[Kapha-dosha](#Kapha-dosha) is one of the three primary Doshas in Ayurveda, governing structure and stability. Managing Kapha balance is essential in treating conditions like PCOS, which often involve metabolic dysregulation.
66) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna-veerya refers to hot potency in Ayurveda, which helps balance excess Kapha. Herbs with Ushna properties, like [Linum usitattisimum](#Flax), are beneficial in managing symptoms of PCOS.
67) Apana:
Apana Kshetra refers to the lower abdomen or pelvic region. Obstructions in Apana Kshetra are implicated in PCOS, and Ayurvedic treatments focus on clearing these obstructions to restore reproductive health.
68) Eladi (Ela-adi):
[Eladi gana](#Eladi) contains herbs known for their pharmacological effects. [Cinnamonzeylanicum](#Cinnamon) is part of this group and helps manage blood sugar and abdominal obesity in PCOS.
69) Atasi:
Atasi or [Linum usitatissimum](#Flax) is notable in Ayurveda for balancing [Vata](#Vata) dosha and has Ushna-veerya. Its lignans help reduce androgen levels and cyst formation, beneficial for women with PCOS.
70) India:
[India](#Ayurveda) is the birthplace of Ayurveda, where traditional methods are used to treat conditions like PCOS. Research from Indian institutions contributes significantly to understanding and managing the disease.
71) Ayus (Ayush):
AYUSH is an acronym for Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy, representing traditional medicine practices in India. Journals like AYUSHDHARA publish research related to these systems.
72) Pulse:
[see source text or glossary: Pulse]
73) Death:
[see source text or glossary: Death]
74) Kara:
[see source text or glossary: Kara]
75) Bala:
[Bala](#Balya) refers to strength and nourishment in Ayurveda. Herbs that fall under Bala, like [Cocos nucifera](#Cocos nucifera), help improve overall vitality and reproductive health in PCOS.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 82]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �PCOS and Endometrial Receptivity: Insights and Ayurvedic Solutions�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Ayurveda, Adipose Tissue, Clinical studies, Experimental study, Insulin resistance, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Fertility issues, Ayurvedic Therapy, Patient population, Anovulation, Oligomenorrhoea, Cochrane Library, Endometrial receptivity, Hirsutism, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Progesterone Level, Pulsatility index, Endometrial defects, Hormonal panel, Single herb, Obstetrical outcome.