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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淓valuation of New Ayurvedic Herbo-Mineral for Stage-1 Hypertension鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Blood:
Blood pressure, or BP, is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, vital in the discussion of hypertension. In hypertension, blood pressure against artery walls is elevated, increasing heart workload.

2) Drug:
Modern antihypertensive drugs possess several issues including lifelong dependence, adverse drug reactions, and resistance. The study aims to manage these side effects by leveraging Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulations.

3) Mineral:
The Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation includes minerals like Mukta Shukti and Praval Pisti, which show beneficial effects in managing hypertension alongside herbal ingredients.

4) Pishti (Pisti):
Praval Pisti and Mukta Shukti Pisti are mineral components of the Ayurvedic formulation, known for their antihypertensive and Pitta balancing effects.

5) Guna:
Many trial drugs possess Laghu and Ruksha guna, which help clear strotorodha, dry Amadosha, and improve Agni conditions, contributing to antihypertensive effects.

6) Discussion:
The discussion provides an in-depth analysis of the data, informative on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and interpreting statistical significance between different Ayurvedic treatments.

7) Arjuna:
Arjuna, belonging to the family Combretaceae, is used in the formulation for its heart-protective properties, making it effective in reducing blood pressure.

8) Rasa (Rasha):
The trial drugs in the study predominantly possess Madhur, Tikta, and Kashaya Rasa, which play significant roles in their therapeutic effects in hypertension.

9) Ashvagandha (Asvagandha, Ashwagandha, Ashvagamdha, Ashva-gandha):
Ashwagandha, also known as Withania somnifera, is a crucial component in the NIA/DG/2020/01 formulation, contributing to its antihypertensive and stress-relieving properties.

10) Shukti (Sukti, Su-ukti):
Mukta Shukti, commonly known as pearl oyster, is one of the mineral components in the formulation, known for its effect on balancing Pitta and acting as a cardioprotective.

11) Pitta:
Mukta Shukti and Praval Pisti are used for their Pitta shamaka properties, reducing Drava-pitta and contributing significantly to managing hypertension.

12) Mukta:
Mukta Shukti pisti is a mineral used in the trial formulation which has pitta samaka effects, beneficial in managing hypertension when combined with other herbs.

13) Shankhapushpi (Sankhapuspi, Samkhapuspi):
Shankhapushpi, from the family Convolvulaceae, is included in the Ayurvedic formulation for its Medhya properties, which help manage blood pressure by calming the mind.

14) Punarnava (Punar-nava):
Punarnava, belonging to the family Nyctaginaceae, is part of the formulation for its Rasayana and Mutrala properties, contributing to its antihypertensive effects.

15) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda offers holistic, sustainable treatment options for hypertension, favoring more comprehensive remedies and less dependence on modern drugs.

16) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana properties, found in ingredients like Ashwagandha, Punarnava, and Guduchi, enhance the antihypertensive efficacy by promoting vigor and immune health.

17) Medicine:
Ayurvedic medicine in context aims to treat hypertension with minimal side effects, using traditional knowledge combined with modern empirical research.

18) Disease:
Hypertension is the primary disease under study, defined by elevated blood pressure that necessitates the management through multifactorial treatment approaches.

19) Virya:
The heating or cooling potency of the drug 'Virya' determines its therapeutic action, critical in selecting herbs for their antihypertensive action.

20) Vipaka:
Vipaka refers to the post-digestive effect of the drug. The trial drugs have appropriate Vipaka ensuring proper metabolism and efficacy against hypertension.

21) Tikta:
Tikta Rasa in several trial drugs contributes to their antihypertensive effects through properties like deepana (digestive enhancement) and strotoshodhana (channel purification).

22) Withania somnifera:
Withania somnifera, also known as Ashwagandha, is used in the formulation for its adaptogenic and antihypertensive properties, contributing significantly to Vatahara (Vata-calming) effects.

23) Terminalia arjuna:
Terminalia arjuna, a crucial component of the formulation, is recognized for its cardioprotective properties, making it an effective ingredient in managing hypertension.

24) Gojihva (Go-jihva):
Gojihva, known for its Mutrala properties, helps in reducing blood volume and thus hypertension, as part of the Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation.

25) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya Rasa (astringent taste) in herbs helps in Shleshma (Kapha) and Rakta Pitta (blood disorders) prashamana, contributing to hypotensive effects.

26) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha Guna (dry quality) in trial drugs aids in reducing Kapha and removing obstructions in bodily channels, promoting antihypertensive effects.

27) Jaipur:
NIA, Jaipur was the site of the study, where the clinical evaluation of the Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation for primary hypertension took place.

28) Medhya:
Medhya properties, associated with cognition and mental clarity, are present in herbs like Shankhapushpi, aiding in stress reduction and subsequently lowering blood pressure.

29) Kapha:
Many drugs used possess Kapha-hara (Kapha-reducing) properties, essential in the management of hypertension, often related to fluid retention and channel obstruction.

30) Dhatu:
[see source text or glossary: Dhatu]

31) India:
In India, hypertension is a prevalent condition, necessitating effective and safer treatment methods, which are explored through Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulations.

32) Vata:
Hypertension in Ayurveda often involves Vata dosha disturbance, and many trial drugs have Vatahara properties to address this aspect of the condition.

33) Diet:
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH Diet) were included in both trial groups to standardize dietary impacts on blood pressure alongside drug interventions.

34) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia, as Guduchi, is used in the formulation for its antihypertensive and antioxidative properties, part of the systemic approach to hypertension management.

35) Arogyasala (Arogyashala, Arogya-shala):
The Arogyashala OPD at NIA, Jaipur, served as one of the study sites where patients were observed and treated following the Ayurvedic clinical protocols.

36) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna, the study of the properties and actions of medicinal substances, was crucial for selecting and combining the herbs for the anti-hypertensive formulation.

37) Samprapti:
The understanding of Samprapti involves analyzing the disease's pathogenesis in Ayurveda, crucial for selecting the right combination of herbo-mineral ingredients for hypertension.

38) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is the location of NIA, Jaipur, where clinical trials on the Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation for primary hypertension were conducted.

39) Mutrala:
Mutrala properties of herbs used in the formulation promote diuresis, which helps in reducing blood pressure by lowering blood volume.

40) Apathya:
Apathya refers to diet and lifestyle choices to be avoided in managing hypertension; the study ensured a controlled diet as per DASH guidelines.

41) Samaka (Shamaka):
Pitta shamaka herbs are included for their cooling and balancing effects on Pitta dosha, essential in controlling hypertension.

42) Pathya:
Pathya includes beneficial dietary and lifestyle modifications, such as the DASH diet, to aid in the management of hypertension alongside the Ayurvedic formulation.

43) Family:
Each ingredient's botanical family is documented for scientific classification, which aids in understanding their pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential.

44) Laghu:
Laghu guna (light quality) helps in balancing Kapha dosha and improving digestion and metabolism, contributing to the overall antihypertensive effects.

45) Rakta:
Rakta pitta prashamana properties in trial drugs help address blood-related disorders and inflammation, crucial in managing hypertension influence.

46) Kumar:
Kumar is a co-author of the study, contributing to the clinical evaluation and research on the Ayurvedic formulation for hypertension.

47) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush refers to the collective term for traditional and alternative medicine systems in India, including Ayurveda, which was the focus of the clinical study.

48) Mana:
Mana refers to the mind. Ayurvedic herbs like Shankhapushpi have properties that calm the Mana, helping in stress reduction and thus in the treatment of hypertension.

49) Pittaprashamana (Pittaprasamana, Pitta-prashamana):
Pitta-prashamana properties are important for balancing Pitta dosha, reducing its excess, which can contribute to lowering elevated blood pressure.

50) Margavarodha (Marga-avarodha):
Margavarodha, or obstruction of channels, is addressed by herbs with strotoshodhana (channel clearing) actions, which help in relieving hypertension.

51) Raktapitta (Rakta-pitta):
[see source text or glossary: Rakta-pitta]

52) Upashoshana (Upasosana):
Kashaya and Tikta rasa herbs have Upashoshana (drying) property, aiding in absorbing excess body fluids, essential in managing hypertension.

53) Prashamana (Prasamana):
[see source text or glossary: Prashamana]

54) Jatharagni (Jathara-agni):
Jatharagni is the digestive fire that processes food. Ayurvedic treatment focuses on maintaining strong Jatharagni to prevent issues like Ama, which can contribute to hypertension.

55) Vatapitta (Vata-pitta):
Ayurvedic treatment commonly uses Vata-pitta Shamaka herbs to calm the excessive functions of these doshas, stabilizing blood pressure.

56) Depression:
Depression is a significant factor in hypertension; the formulation includes herbs with antidepressant properties to provide holistic treatment.

57) Science (Scientific):
The clinical trial ensured scientific procedural integrity, involving ethical clearance, statistical analysis, and empirical data, elevating the validity of Ayurvedic treatment approaches.

58) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation of doshas, particularly Vata and Pitta, contribute to hypertension's pathophysiology and are targeted by specific Ayurvedic interventions in the trial.

59) Prabhava:
Prabhava is the special action of a drug beyond its rasa, guna, virya, and vipaka. Herbs with specific Prabhava were chosen for their unique antihypertensive properties.

60) Vatahara (Vata-ahara):
Vatahara properties in herbs are essential for balancing Vata dosha, which is often elevated in hypertension, contributing to effective blood pressure management.

61) Shleshma (Slesma):
Shleshma, or Kapha, is balanced by utilizing herbs with Kapha-hara properties to prevent obstruction of bodily channels and reduce blood pressure.

62) Amadosha (Amadosa, Ama-dosha):
Amadosha refers to toxins that obstruct channels. Herbs with strotoshodhana properties in the trial drugs help clear these blockages to treat hypertension.

63) Lekhana:
Lekhana properties refer to the ability to scrape out obstructions like excess Kapha and Meda from the channels, a quality employed in managing hypertension.

64) Avarana:
Avarana is the pathological condition of obstructed channels, addressed by the trial drugs' ability to clear these obstructions, hence aiding in hypertension treatment.

65) Anupana:
Anupana refers to the vehicle or medium for drug administration; lukewarm water was used as the Anupana in this trial for effective drug action.

66) Dravya:
Dravya, or medicinal substances, are carefully studied and combined in Ayurveda for their unique properties, forming the basis of the studied formulation.

67) Hridya (Hrdya):
Hridya properties in ingredients like Arjuna provide cardioprotective effects, which are crucial in managing hypertensive conditions.

68) Indian:
The study emphasizes Ayurveda, an Indian traditional medicine system, and its efficacy in treating hypertension compared to modern medicine.

69) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas, the fundamental bio-energies in Ayurveda, are balanced by the trial formulation to address the multifactorial nature of hypertension.

70) Drava:
[see source text or glossary: Drava]

71) Kleda:
[see source text or glossary: Kleda]

72) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna virya herbs have heating properties that help in removing strotorodha (obstructions in channels), crucial for hypertension management.

73) Pearl:
Pearl, as Mukta Shukti, is utilized in the formulation for its Pitta balancing and cardioprotective properties, beneficial in reducing blood pressure.

74) Death:
Hypertension contributes significantly to global mortality rates; the study aims to reduce this through effective Ayurvedic formulations.

75) Hara:
[see source text or glossary: Hara]

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 79]