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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淎 Critical Appraisal of Manikya: A Ratna鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Manikya:
Manikya, also known as Ruby, is a vibrant red to slightly purplish gemstone used in traditional Indian medicine and astrology. It is considered one of the chief Ratna and is associated with Surya, representing authority and health.

2) Ratna:
In Rasashastra, Ratna refers to valuable gems used for their medicinal and spiritual properties. These gems, including Manikya, are utilized to enhance longevity and mental powers.

3) Ruby:
Ruby, known as Manikya in Sanskrit, is a variety of gemstone prized for its deep red color. It is used in Ayurveda for its health benefits and symbolizes the Sun in astrology.

4) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa in the context of Manikya refers to its 'Madhura' taste, which is said to have various health benefits including curing Vatavikara and Kshaya roga.

5) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to the characteristic features of Manikya, such as its vibrant red color, heaviness, clarity, and other physical properties that determine its quality and efficacy.

6) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra is an ancient Indian alchemical system which uses metals, minerals, and gems like Manikya for medicinal purposes aimed at enhancing longevity and health.

7) Padmaraga (Padma-raga):
Padmaraga is a type of Manikya that is bright like a red lotus, considered the best variety due to its clarity, weight, and unctuous surface.

8) Kuruvinda (Kuruvimda):
Kuruvinda Manikya is a type of Ruby that grows from a stone named Kuruvindam, known for its intense red color and beauty.

9) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to the rejuvenating and longevity-enhancing properties of Manikya, making it a valuable gem in Ayurvedic treatments.

10) Dharana:
Dharana pertains to the wearing or bearing of Manikya, which is believed to offer protection, ward off evil spirits, and destroy specific ailments.

11) Manika:
In Hindi, Manika is a common term for Manikya or Ruby, often used to describe this precious gemstone.

12) India:
India is one of the countries where Manikya is found, specifically in areas like Karnataka, Orissa, and Katak. Its historical and cultural significance is well documented.

13) Bali:
In mythology, Manikya is said to have originated from the blood of King Bali after his encounter with Lord Vishnu in Vamanavatar.

14) Kshaya (Ksaya):
Kshaya refers to depletion or wasting diseases, which Manikya is traditionally believed to treat effectively, due to its rejuvenating properties.

15) Karma (Karman):
Karma in this context relates to the actions or properties of Manikya, such as its Vrishya and Rasayana effects.

16) Raja:
In Jyotish (astrology), Surya (the Sun) represents a Raja (king), and Manikya is the gem associated with Surya, symbolizing authority and power.

17) Guna:
Guna refers to the properties of Manikya, which includes Snigdha (unctuous), Madhura (sweet), Balya (strengthening), and Vrishya (aphrodisiac).

18) Rasajalanidhi (Rasa-jala-nidhi):
Rasa-jala-nidhi is one of the texts that mentions the synonyms and properties of Manikya among other gems and minerals.

19) Rajanighantu (Raja-nighantu, Rajan-nighantu):
Raja-nighantu is another text that details the synonyms and characteristics of various Ratnas including Manikya.

20) Ratnavarga (Ratna-varga):
Ratna-varga refers to the category of gems in Ayurvedic texts, with Manikya being considered the foremost among these for its extensive therapeutic uses.

21) Sarpavisha (Sarpavisa, Sarpa-visha):
In traditional treatments, Manikya has been mentioned for its efficacy in treating Sarpavisha (snake venom) when used in specific formulations.

22) Jalanidhi (Jala-nidhi):
Jala-nidhi is a classic text that documents various Ratnas, including detailed descriptions and uses of Manikya.

23) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu texts enumerate the various synonyms and medicinal uses of Manikya among other substances in traditional Indian medicine.

24) Madhura:
Madhura describes the sweet taste property of Manikya, contributing to its health benefits, particularly in alleviating Vatavikara and Kshaya roga.

25) Samhita:
Samhita texts, such as the Brihat Samhita, contain ancient references to Manikya, highlighting its historical and medicinal significance.

26) Vijnana:
Ratna Vijnana implies the scientific study or knowledge of gemstones, including Manikya, exploring their properties and uses.

27) Brihat (Brhat):
The Brihat Samhita is an ancient Indian text that mentions Manikya among other gems and their various applications.

28) Grahya:
Grahya Lakshanas are the acceptable characteristics of Manikya that determine its quality and suitability for use in therapeutic and astrological practices.

29) Medhya:
Medhya refers to the mental and intellectual enhancing properties of Manikya, making it a valuable gem for improving cognitive functions.

30) Nidhi:
Nidhi signifies a treasure or precious gem, like Manikya, which is extensively detailed in various Ayurvedic and alchemical texts.

31) Graha:
Grahas are celestial bodies in astrology, with Manikya being linked to Surya (Sun), influencing authority and health.

32) Kanda (Kamda):
Ananda Kanda is one of the many authoritative texts that discuss the properties and uses of Manikya among other Ratnas.

33) Surya (Shurya):
Surya, the Sun, is represented by Manikya in Jyotish, symbolizing the provider of health, authority, and vitality.

34) Varga:
Ratna Varga is the classification of gems in traditional texts like Rasashastra, with Manikya ranked prominently for its extensive benefits.

35) Kumar:
Vinod Kumar is one of the authors contributing to the critical appraisal of Manikya in the provided study.

36) Blood:
Mythologically, Manikya is believed to have originated from the blood of King Bali, adding a mystic origin story to its background.

37) Punya:
Dharana punya refers to the merit or benefits derived from wearing or using Manikya, which include both physical and spiritual enhancements.

38) Jala:
Jala in texts like Jala-nidhi represents the aquatic or flowing nature of compilations that document extensive information on gems, including Manikya.

39) Mani:
Mani is a common term for gem or jewel, frequently used to refer to Manikya in various Indian languages and texts.

40) King:
In the context of Jyotish, a King (Raja) is represented by Surya (Sun), with Manikya being the gemstone associated with it for conveying authority and power.

41) Human body:
Rasashastra aims to use substances like Manikya to transform and enhance the Deha (human body) through its medicinal and rejuvenating properties.

42) Rasaprakashasudhakara (Rasaprakasasudhakara, Rasaprakasa-sudhakara):
Rasa-prakasha-sudhakara is a text that categorizes various minerals and gems, including detailed descriptions of Manikya.

43) Mahabharata (Maha-bharata):
In the Mahabharata, references to Manikya highlight its historical and mythological significance in ancient Indian culture.

44) Afghanistan:
Afghanistan is one of the historical sources where rubies (Manikya) have been mined, contributing to its global availability.

45) Rajayakshma (Rajan-yakshma, Rajayaksma):
Manikya is traditionally used in the treatment of Rajayakshma (tuberculosis) due to its extensive medicinal properties.

46) Sugandhika (Su-gandhika, Sugamdhika):
Sugandhika Manikya is a yellowish-red variety of ruby, grown out of Sugandhika, distinguished by its unique color and properties.

47) Lohitaksha (Lohitaksa, Lohita-aksha):
Lohitaksha is another name for Manikya mentioned in the Rasopanishad, emphasizing its diverse nomenclature in different texts.

48) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya Kalpana is the department of Rasashastra where scholars like Vinod Kumar study the medicinal formulations involving gems like Manikya.

49) Suryagraha (Surya-graha):
Suryagraha is the Sun's celestial influence in Jyotish, which Manikya is believed to balance and harmonize, providing various astrological benefits.

50) Bhagavata:
The Shrimad Bhagavata, another ancient text, mentions Manikya, highlighting its mythological and medicinal significance.

51) Karnataka:
Karnataka in India is one of the regions where Manikya is found, known for its rich deposits of this precious gem.

52) Sudhakara (Sudha-akara, Sudha-kara):
Rasa Prakasha Sudhakara is a classical text that catalogues various minerals and gems, including descriptions of Manikya.

53) Dehavada (Deha-vada):
Deha-vada refers to the goal of Rasashastra to attain a transformed and enhanced physical body, using substances like Manikya to achieve this.

54) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is the location where the contributing authors like Gunal, Meena, and Kumar conducted their research on Manikya.

55) Navaratna (Nava-ratna, Navan-ratna):
Navaratna refers to the nine chief gems in astrology, with Manikya being a significant part of this group, known for its various benefits.

56) Rasaraja (Rasa-raja):
Sundaraja, another classic text, includes Manikya in its detailed catalog of gems and their therapeutic uses.

57) Knowledge:
The study and documentation of Manikya contribute to the broader knowledge base of Ayurveda and Rasashastra.

58) Lohitaka:
Lohitaka is another synonym for Manikya, frequently mentioned in ancient texts to describe this red gemstone.

59) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda incorporates gems like Manikya for their medicinal properties, aiming to enhance physical and mental health.

60) Prakasha (Prakasa):
Prakasha in the context of Manikya refers to the brilliance and clarity of the gemstone, an important quality in assessing its value.

61) Gujarati:
In Gujarati, Manikya is also referred to as Manika, highlighting its presence in various Indian languages.

62) Utsadana:
In Ayurvedic formulations, Utsadana dravya includes Manikya, used in treatments for ailments like Hikka (hiccups) and Shwasa (respiratory issues).

63) Rasendra (Rasa-indra):
Rasendra texts include works like Rasendra Chaudamani which catalogues the properties and uses of various gems including Manikya.

64) Sapphire:
Sri Lanka is known for its lighter shades of rubies, often interchanged with pink sapphires, highlighting the diverse range of Manikya.

65) Sundara (Shundara, Sumdara):
[see source text or glossary: Sundara]

66) Vrishya (Vrsya):
Vrishya properties of Manikya refer to its aphrodisiac qualities, enhancing reproductive health and vitality.

67) Kalpana:
Bhaishajya Kalpana is the branch of study concerning the formulation of medicinal drugs, including the use of Manikya.

68) Snigdha:
Snigdha is a Guna (property) of Manikya, referring to its unctuousness, contributing to its therapeutic and nutritive qualities.

69) Marathi:
In Marathi, Manikya is referred to as Manika, demonstrating its recognition across diverse Indian linguistic traditions.

70) Kannada:
In Kannada, Manikya is known as Manikya, highlighting its terminological consistency across Indian languages.

71) Bengali:
In Bengali, the term Mannika is used for Manikya (Ruby), indicating its cultural and linguistic relevance.

72) Mineral:
Manikya is a mineral composed primarily of aluminum oxide with traces of chromium and titanium, adding to its medicinal properties.

73) Vertigo:
Manikya has been mentioned in Unani medicine to treat conditions like palpitation and vertigo due to its cardio and brain tonic properties.

74) Jarana:
In Parada Jarana, Manikya is used in alchemical processes, emphasizing its role in traditional Indian alchemy.

75) Vishnu (Visnu):
Mythologically, Lord Vishnu in Vamanavatar is associated with the origin story of Manikya, adding a divine aspect to its significance.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 100]