To study the nidanpanchak of doshaj kasa
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: To study the nidanpanchak of doshaj kasa
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Abhay Khot*
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Rognidan, LRP Ayurved medical College, Islampur, Sangali, Maharashtra
Raviteja Mane
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Rognidan, RIARCH Mayani, Satara, Maharashtra
Ashish Kale
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, RIARCH Mayani, Satara, Maharashtra
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: To study the nidanpanchak of doshaj kasa
Year: 2018
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Kasa roga, or cough, has become increasingly prevalent due to adverse environmental conditions. This study focuses on understanding the Nidan Panchak—an Ayurvedic diagnostic framework—for Doshaj Kasa, examining Vataj, Pittaj, and Kaphaj types of cough, alongside changes in total and differential leucocyte counts. In Ayurveda, various cough types are linked to different dosha imbalances, facilitating tailored treatment options. The study emphasizes the clinical significance and underlying pathophysiology of cough as a reflection of imbalanced doshas.
The Impact of Doshas on Kasa
The research highlights that different dosha imbalances manifest distinct symptoms forming the basis for their classification. Vataj Kasa, marked by symptoms such as dry cough and chest pain, occurs due to an increase in Vata dosha. Pittaj Kasa, characterized by fever and burning sensations, arises from Pitta dosha aggravated by factors like spicy or hot foods and mental stress. In contrast, Kaphaj Kasa is signified by the presence of mucus and includes symptoms like cough with sputum and a feeling of heaviness. The variations in these classes indicate that effective treatment should consider both the symptomatology and the underlying dosha disturbances.
Leucocyte Count and its Clinical Relevance
An essential aspect examined was the total leucocyte count (TLC) and its differential counts among the different types of Kasa. The study found that patients with Kaphaj Kasa exhibited the highest TLC, signaling a more vigorous immune response, likely due to bacterial infections, while those with Vataj Kasa showed the lowest values. Neutrophils were notably elevated in Pittaj Kasa, correlating with acute bacterial infections, while eosinophils were more prevalent in Kaphaj Kasa, consistent with allergic or irritative coughs. This data suggests a direct link between immune response and dosha type, providing a valuable tool for diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Conclusion
The research underscores the importance of understanding the Nidan Panchak and its application in diagnosing and treating Doshaj Kasa types within Ayurvedic medicine. Analysis of patient demographics, symptoms, and leucocyte counts reveals that distinct dosha imbalances influence both clinical presentations and underlying physiological responses. This highlights not only the relevance of ancient Ayurvedic knowledge in modern clinical practice but also the potential for enhancing diagnostic precision and therapeutic efficacy through an integrative approach. Ultimately, acknowledging these relationships can lead to improved management of respiratory ailments and promote holistic patient care.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study regarding Kasa?
The study focuses on the Nidanpanchak of Doshaj Kasa, including Vataj, Pittaj, and Kaphaj types, along with changes in total and differential leucocyte counts in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms.
What were the key findings about total leucocyte count?
The study found that the total leucocyte count was significantly higher in Kaphaj Kasa patients compared to Pittaj and Vataj Kasa. This suggests a stronger inflammatory or infectious response in those presenting with Kaphaj symptoms.
Which type of Kasa had the highest patient incidence?
Vataj Kasa had the highest incidence among the three types studied, with patients presenting symptoms like dry cough and chest pain. This highlights a prevalent concern regarding environmental factors affecting respiratory health.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “To study the nidanpanchak of doshaj kasa�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Kasa (Kasha):
Kasa (cough) is a common symptom in respiratory diseases and is considered a separate disease in Ayurveda, classified into Vataj, Pittaj, and Kaphaj types based on the dominance of respective doshas. Clinical features and treatment differ for each type.
2) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by the qualities of heat and intensity. It is responsible for digestion and metabolism in the body. The imbalance of Pitta dosha can lead to conditions such as Pittaj kasa (cough) and various other disorders.
3) Vayu:
Vayu (wind) refers to the movement and transportation functions within the body in Ayurveda. It can manifest in different forms, including Pran vayu, Apan vayu, and Udan vayu, each with specific roles.
4) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda. It is characterized by qualities of heaviness, coldness, and stability. An excess of Kapha can lead to conditions such as Kaphaj kasa (cough).
5) Aahar:
Aahar (food) is one key factor affecting health in Ayurveda. Dietary habits like consuming heavy, oily, and cold foods can imbalance doshas, leading to conditions like Vataj kasa, Pittaj kasa, and Kaphaj kasa.
6) Blood:
Blood, essential for transporting oxygen and nutrients, is frequently analyzed in the study. Measurement of Total Leucocyte Count and Differential Leucocyte Count provides insights into various types of Kasa (cough) in Ayurveda.
7) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing qualities of movement and dryness. Vata dosha's imbalance can lead to conditions like Vataj kasa, which includes symptoms like dry cough and chest pain.
8) Fever:
Fever is often a symptom in Pittaj kasa as Pitta enters the Rasa Dhatu, leading to the widespread heat in the body. It is used as a diagnostic criterion in differentiating types of Kasa in Ayurvedic practice.
9) Pulse:
Pulse rate serves as an indicator of various doshic imbalances. An increase in pulse rate is noted in cases of Pittaj kasa, attributable to the heat and intensity qualities of Pitta dosha.
10) Gati:
Gati (movement) refers to the directional flow of doshas. In conditions like Kasa, the Pratiloma gati or reverse movement of Vayu leads to symptoms such as cough due to blockages and disruptions in natural pathways.
11) Hetu:
Hetu (cause) in Ayurveda refers to factors leading to disease. Poor dietary habits, stress, and lifestyle choices are major hetus that lead to an imbalance in doshas, causing various types of Kasa.
12) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana (symptom) is used for diagnosis in Ayurveda. Different types of Kasa (cough) have distinct lakshanas, like dry cough in Vataj kasa, and productive cough in Kaphaj kasa.
13) Disease:
A disease in Ayurveda like Kasa involves an imbalance in doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). It requires identifying specific symptoms and the underlying causes to provide effective treatment.
14) Kandu (Kamdu):
Kandu (itching) is a symptom observed in Kaphaj kasa. Patients with this type might experience itching along with cough and productive sputum.
15) Pain:
Pain, particularly in the chest (Hrid pradeshi shool), is a symptom of Vataj kasa. It represents the presence of dry cough along with discomfort.
16) Prana (Pran):
Pran (life force) is crucial in Ayurveda, governing respiratory functions. An imbalance or obstruction in Pran vayu can lead to Kasa (cough) due to improper gas exchange and movement of air.
17) Pratiloma (Prati-loma):
Pratiloma (reverse direction) refers to the abnormal movement of Vayu in Ayurveda. This can occur in conditions like Kasa, where the Apan vayu moves upward abnormally, causing symptoms like dry cough and chest pain.
18) Chardi:
Chardi (vomiting) is a symptom of Pittaj kasa, resulting from Pitta imbalance. It typically involves expelling content due to excessive heat and digestive disturbance.
19) Hrid (Hrt, Hrit, Hrd):
Hrid (heart) is a term related to symptoms involving chest pain in Ayurveda. In the context of Kasa, Hrid pradeshi shool refers to chest pain encountered during the coughing episodes of Vataj kasa.
20) Shushka (Suska):
Shushka (dry) characterizes the cough in Vataj kasa. It is associated with dryness and roughness, common in Vata imbalance, leading to dry, non-productive coughs.
21) Prakopa:
Prakopa (aggravation) refers to the escalation of dosha imbalance. For instance, inappropriate diet or lifestyle can lead to the Prakopa of Pitta, resulting in Pittaj kasa with heat and inflammation symptoms.
22) Sevana:
Sevana means 'consumption' or 'indulgence.' Dietary and lifestyle habits such as consuming oily foods (Abhishyandi sevana) can provoke dosha imbalances, leading to conditions like Kaphaj kasa.
23) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna (hot) quality is linked with Pitta. Consumption of hot, spicy food (Ushna aahar) can aggravate Pitta dosha, resulting in symptoms like fever and burning sensation seen in Pittaj kasa.
24) Samprapti:
Samprapti (pathogenesis) describes the progression of disease in Ayurveda. Understanding the samprapti in Kasa helps in identifying the causes and stages, allowing effective treatment tailored according to dosha involvement.
25) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical system, focuses on balancing the body's doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Investigating diseases like Kasa involves examining the patient's symptoms and underlying causes through Ayurvedic principles.
26) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha (dry) is a quality associated with Vata dosha. Consuming dry foods can aggravate Vata, leading to Vataj kasa characterized by dry cough and pain.
27) Kantha (Kamtha):
Kantha (throat) plays a pivotal role in Kasa pathology. Disorders involving throat congestion and irritation are significant in diagnosing types of Kasa, each with distinct throat-related symptoms.
28) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation is primarily associated with Pittaj disorders. In the context of Kasa, Pittaj kasa patients might experience Urovidah, a burning sensation in the chest due to aggravated Pitta dosha.
29) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the state in India where the study was conducted. It included assistant professor researchers from various Ayurvedic medical colleges located in Sangali and Satara.
30) Farmer:
Farmer is a frequently observed occupation among the patients studied. Distribution of patients across occupations indicated that lifestyle factors related to farming could influence the type and frequency of Kasa.
31) Guru:
Guru (heavy) refers to qualities that can aggravate Kapha dosha. Heavy foods and sedentary lifestyle contribute to Guru qualities, leading to Kaphaj kasa characterized by significant mucus production.
32) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa (fluid) refers to essential bodily fluids crucial for transportation and nourishment. Pitta entering Rasa Dhatu can result in systemic heat causing fever commonly observed in Pittaj kasa.
33) Kanthanadi (Kantha-nadi):
Kanthanadi (throat channel) is key in understanding the pathophysiology of Kasa. Congestion and irritation in this channel by dosha imbalances result in various types of coughs in Ayurveda.
34) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja (related to Kapha) describes disorders or symptoms governed by the Kapha dosha. For instance, Kaphaj kasa involves symptoms like mucus-heavy cough and nasal congestion.
35) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tikshna (sharp) is a quality related to Pitta dosha. It represents strong, penetrating characteristics, such as spicy foods that can exacerbate Pittaj disorders, leading to symptoms like fever and burning sensation in Pittaj kasa.
36) Vidahi:
Vidahi (harmful) foods are those that irritate and inflame, often leading to disorders like Pittaj kasa with symptoms such as burning sensation and vomiting.
37) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi (disease) encompasses various health conditions due to dosha imbalances in Ayurveda. Kasa (cough) is identified as a Vyadhi, with specific symptoms and diagnostic criteria for Vataj, Pittaj, and Kaphaj subtypes.
38) Gala (Galam):
Gala (throat) is frequently involved in the symptoms and progression of Kasa. Issues like throat irritation and congestion are significant in diagnosing the type of Kasa.
39) Food:
Food plays a crucial role in health according to Ayurveda. Diets unsuitable for one's dosha, such as heavy or spicy foods, can lead to imbalances causing diseases like Kasa.
40) Abhishyandi (Abhisyandi):
Abhishyandi foods are heavy and clogging foods leading to Kapha aggravation. Consumption of such foods contributes to Kaphaj kasa due to increased mucus production and congestion.
41) Discussion:
Discussion is a vital part of the study where results and observations are analyzed. This includes correlations between symptoms, lifestyle factors, and dosha imbalances in patients with Kasa.
42) Substance:
In the study, substances such as eosinophils and neutrophils are assessed to understand their role in dosha-specific types of Kasa, offering valuable diagnostic insights.
43) Jagarana:
Jagarana (wakefulness) refers to prolonged waking or disturbed sleep leading to dosha imbalances. Inadequate sleep is linked to increasing Vata and Pitta disorders, precipitating conditions like Vataj and Pittaj kasa.
44) Langhana (Lamghana):
Langhana (fasting) is seen as a cause of Vata aggravation. Prolonged fasting or not eating properly can disturb Vata, causing symptoms like dry cough in Vataj kasa.
45) Anuloma:
Anuloma (natural direction) signifies the proper flow of Vayu. Disruption in this flow can lead to conditions like Kasa, where Apan vayu moves upwards, impacting the respiratory tract.
46) Snigdha:
Snigdha (oily) foods lead to an increase in Kapha dosha. Consuming oily and greasy foods contributes to disorders like Kaphaj kasa, characterized by respiratory congestion and mucus build-up.
47) Vriddhi (Vrddhi):
Vriddhi (increase) refers to the aggravation or exacerbation of doshas. For example, intake of oily and heavy foods can lead to Kapha vriddhi, causing respiratory ailments like Kaphaj kasa.
48) Krodha:
Krodha (anger) is a psychological factor leading to Pitta dosha aggravation. Unmanaged anger and stress can manifest as symptoms like fever and burning sensation in Pittaj kasa.
49) Shatara (Satara):
Satara is a district in Maharashtra where part of this study was conducted. Research institutions in this district contributed to the patient selection and data analysis regarding Kasa.
50) Chinta:
Chinta (anxiety) induces Vata imbalance, leading to Vataj kasa. Emotional stress and overthinking are significant factors in the development of Vata-related disorders like dry cough.
51) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three fundamental bodily humors—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—whose balance is crucial for health. Each type of Kasa (cough) in Ayurveda is related to the imbalance of these doshas.
52) Netra:
Netra (eyes) are affected in some types of Kasa. For instance, Pittaj Kasa symptoms may include burning sensation in the eyes (Netra daha) due to Pitta aggravation.
53) Dhatu:
Dhatu (tissue) in Ayurveda refers to the seven bodily tissues. In conditions like Pittaj kasa, Pitta dosha affects Rasa dhatu, leading to systemic symptoms such as fever and inflammation.
54) Veda:
The term Veda stands for 'knowledge' or 'science.' Ayurveda, the science of life, is derived from the Vedas, ancient Indian scriptures. It offers insights into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases like Kasa through dosha balance.
55) Katu:
Katu (pungent) is a taste that can aggravate Pitta dosha. Excessive consumption of pungent and spicy foods may lead to Pittaj kasa, marked by symptoms like burning sensation and vomiting.
56) Rupa:
Rupa (form or symptom) is essential in diagnosing ailments. Different types of Kasa have specific rupa, such as dry cough in Vataj kasa, which helps in the appropriate Ayurvedic treatment.
57) Guna:
Guna (quality) refers to inherent characteristics in Ayurveda. The gunas of doshas influence symptoms and diseases. For example, the hot and sharp gunas of Pitta lead to symptoms like burning sensation and fever in Pittaj kasa.
58) Sama (Shama):
Sama (balanced) refers to the equilibrium of doshas for optimal health. Imbalance causes conditions like Kasa. Kaphaj kasa, with the Sama quality of Kapha, results in mucus-heavy symptoms.
59) Daha:
Daha (burning sensation) is a key symptom in Pittaj disorders. In the study, patients with Pittaj kasa experienced Urovidah, a burning sensation in the chest, due to aggravated Pitta.
60) Milk:
Milk is considered a heavy, cooling food that can aggravate Kapha dosha when consumed inappropriately, leading to Kaphaj kasa characterized by mucous build-up and respiratory congestion.
61) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is excluded from the study of Kasa as its complications and symptoms differ significantly from the dosha-based classification of coughs in Ayurveda.
62) Agnimandya (Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
Agnimandya (impaired digestion) is often a contributing factor in Kapha-related conditions. Poor digestion leads to a build-up of ama (toxins) which further aggravates Kapha, resulting in Kaphaj kasa.
63) Agnidushti (Agnidusti, Agni-dushti):
Agnidushti (digestive fire disorder) is common in Kapha imbalance. Dysfunctional digestive fire leads to poor digestion and accumulation of undigested food, causing doshic diseases like Kaphaj kasa.
64) Vatapitta (Vata-pitta):
Vata-pitta constitutes a dual-dosha predominance. Individuals with this prakruti (constitution) may experience a mix of Vata and Pitta imbalances, resulting in mixed symptoms in conditions like Kasa.
65) Rasadhatu (Rasa-dhatu):
Rasadhatu refers to the plasma and its functions. Pitta affects Rasadhatu causing systemic symptoms like fever (Jwara) in Pittaj kasa. Nutritional and metabolic issues in Rasadhatu can also reflect in different types of Kasa.
66) Kasaroga (Kasa-roga):
Kasa-roga (disease of cough) details the conditions characterized by cough in Ayurveda. It includes classifications like Vataj, Pittaj, and Kaphaj kasa, each associated with specific causes, symptoms, and treatments.
67) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the impairment of doshas leading to disease. For instance, vitiation of Pitta due to excessive spicy food causes Pittaj kasa, marked by symptoms like burning sensation and fever.
68) Avarodha:
Avarodha (obstruction) in the respiratory channels is a key factor in Kapha-related respiratory diseases like Kaphaj kasa. Blockage by thick mucus leads to coughing and breathing difficulties.
69) Prasakta:
Prasakta (increased frequency) commonly describes the severe or frequent episodes of symptoms experienced in conditions like Vataj kasa, where the patient may have recurrent dry coughs.
70) Vomiting:
Vomiting (Chhardi) is a symptom particularly seen in Pittaj kasa, correlated with Pitta dosha's aggravation leading to expulsion sensations often associated with nausea and digestion issues.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 103]
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