Ksharasutra - an effective treatment modality for arshas (haemorrhoids)
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Ksharasutra - an effective treatment modality for arshas (haemorrhoids)
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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*Gupta Sudesh
Associate professor, PG Department of Shalyatantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Nardni (Raipur), Jammu
Gupta Pooja
Assistant professor, PG Department of Shalyatantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Nardni (Raipur), Jammu
Madhu Bala
PG Scholars, PG Department of Shalyatantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Nardni (Raipur), Jammu
Thapa Anuradha
PG Scholars, PG Department of Shalyatantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Nardni (Raipur), Jammu
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Ksharasutra - an effective treatment modality for arshas (haemorrhoids)
Year: 2016
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Arsha, commonly referred to as hemorrhoids, is a prevalent condition characterized by the symptomatic enlargement and displacement of normal anal cushions. Ayurvedic texts detail this condition extensively, and Acharya Sushruta, regarded as the father of surgery, classified Arsha among the challenging diseases to treat. Modern treatments, including sclerotherapy, cryosurgery, and various surgical techniques, often yield unsatisfactory results and are accompanied by complications. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Ksharasutra ligation method as a treatment for Arsha, focusing on its advantages over conventional medical interventions.
Ksharasutra: An Effective Treatment Approach
The Ksharasutra method involves the use of a special thread coated with medicinal substances, including Apamarga kshara, Haridra churna, and Snuhi ksheer. This Ayurvedic treatment is designed to ligate the hemorrhoidal tissue, mechanically strangulating the blood vessels and promoting tissue necrosis, leading to the shedding of the hemorrhoidal mass within five to seven days. The method promises minimal postoperative bleeding, reduced hospitalization time, and fewer complications, making it a more acceptable option for patients. The study showed that 100% of patients recorded improvements in their symptoms, including bleeding, pain, and constipation.
Observations and Results
The clinical study involved thirty patients diagnosed with various degrees of hemorrhoids. The patient demographic predominantly included middle-aged males with a sedentary lifestyle, which correlates with unhealthy bowel habits and increased susceptibility to Arsha. Evaluation of treatment effectiveness showed significant reductions in symptoms such as Vibandha (constipation), bleeding per rectum, and Kandu (itching). Post-operative analyses indicated that all hemorrhoidal masses were successfully shed, and the average recovery and healing periods were significantly lower compared to traditional surgical methods.
Conclusion
The findings of this study illustrate that Ksharasutra ligation offers a highly effective treatment modality for Arsha (hemorrhoids), yielding promising results without the complications typical of conventional surgical procedures. The treatment can be conducted in outpatient settings, requires less recovery time, and allows patients to resume daily activities almost immediately. Given its cost-effectiveness, minimal invasiveness, and lower recurrence rates, Ksharasutra ligation should be considered a superior alternative to modern techniques for managing hemorrhoids.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Ksharasutra and how is it used for hemorrhoids?
Ksharasutra is a traditional Ayurvedic treatment involving ligation using a specific medicated thread. It is effective for treating Arsha (hemorrhoids) by chemically cauterizing and mechanically strangulating the pile mass, leading to its necrosis and eventual shedding within 5 to 7 days.
What are the benefits of Ksharasutra treatment for hemorrhoids?
The Ksharasutra treatment offers various advantages, including minimal hospitalization, less postoperative pain, quick wound healing, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to perform daily activities shortly after the procedure, making it a preferable alternative to modern surgical techniques.
What was the study's conclusion about Ksharasutra's effectiveness?
The study concluded that Ksharasutra ligation is highly effective for treating Arsha (hemorrhoids), showing significant improvement in symptoms. It is an outpatient procedure with fewer complications and better patient acceptability compared to modern methods.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ksharasutra - an effective treatment modality for arshas (haemorrhoids)�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Arshas (Arsa, Arsas, Arsha):
Arshas is another term for Arsha, representing haemorrhoids in Ayurvedic texts. It involves various symptoms like bleeding per rectum, pain, and itchiness, treated effectively using Ksharasutra.
2) Ksharasutra (Ksarasutra, Kshara-sutra):
Kshara-sutra is synonymous with Ksharasutra, a medicated thread used in Ayurvedic treatment for haemorrhoids. The thread is coated with plant-derived Kshara, turmeric, and latex, causing the haemorrhoidal masses to slough off after ligation.
3) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshara refers to an alkaline substance used in Ayurvedic medicine with properties like incision, excision, scraping, and dissolution. It is a key component in Ksharasutra, providing the necessary chemical action to treat Arshas effectively.
4) Disease:
Disease in the context of this study refers specifically to Arsha, known as haemorrhoids in modern medicine. Haemorrhoids are a common anorectal condition characterized by symptomatic enlargement and displacement of anal cushions.
5) Sutra:
Sutra in Ayurveda refers to a thread. In Ksharasutra treatment, a surgical linen thread is manually coated with layers of plant-based substances and used to ligate haemorrhoidal masses, resulting in their eventual shedding.
6) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu in Ayurvedic terminology refers to a condition similar to anemia, characterized by pale skin and weakness. In the context of Arsha treatment, Pandu was one of the symptoms observed but not specifically treated.
7) Kandu (Kamdu):
Kandu refers to itching, a common symptom of haemorrhoids (Arsha). In the study, Ksharasutra treatment showed significant improvements in Kandu along with other symptoms.
8) Gupta:
Gupta refers to the names of authors like Sudesh Gupta, who contributed to the research on Ksharasutra as an effective treatment modality for Arshas (haemorrhoids) in the AYUSHDHARA journal.
9) Pain:
Pain is a significant symptom associated with haemorrhoids (Arsha). Ksharasutra treatment for haemorrhoids aims to minimize pain during and after the procedure, contributing to better patient outcomes.
10) Apamarga:
Apamarga (Achyranthus aspera) is a plant whose alkaline powder is used in the preparation of Ksharasutra. It is known for its incision, excision, and debridation properties, making it effective in treating haemorrhoids.
11) Powder:
Powder in this context refers to the Kshara made from Apamarga, which is used as a coating on the surgical thread in Ksharasutra. It plays a crucial role in the treatment's efficacy.
12) Blood:
Blood is mentioned in the context of bleeding per rectum, a common symptom of haemorrhoids (Arsha). Ksharasutra treatment aims to minimize this symptom through effective ligation and subsequent sloughing off of haemorrhoidal masses.
13) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India, comprising various disciplines including surgical practices. The study focuses on the Ayurvedic treatment of Arshas using Ksharasutra, demonstrating its efficacy and advantages over modern techniques.
14) Samhita:
Samhita refers to classical Ayurvedic texts. The Sushruta Samhita, authored by Acharya Sushruta, provides comprehensive details on Arsha and its treatment using methods like Ksharasutra.
15) Haridra:
Haridra (Curcuma longa), commonly known as turmeric, is used in the preparation of Ksharasutra. It has wound healing, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-histaminic properties, enhancing the efficacy of the treatment.
16) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
The Sushruta-Samhita is a foundational text in Ayurveda, written by Acharya Sushruta. It extensively describes surgical techniques and treatments for various diseases, including Arsha (haemorrhoids) using methods like Ksharasutra.
17) Krurakoshtha (Krurakostha, Krura-koshtha):
Krura-koshtha refers to a hard bowel condition where evacuation of stool is difficult, often leading to constipation. This condition can exacerbate haemorrhoids (Arsha), which are effectively treated using Ksharasutra.
18) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalyatantra is synonymous with Shalya-tantra and refers to the surgical branch of Ayurveda. Ksharasutra treatment for haemorrhoids is a significant procedure within this branch.
19) Cauterisation (Cauterization):
Cauterization is a process involved in Ksharasutra treatment. Chemical cauterization by Kshara in the medicated thread helps in the sloughing off of haemorrhoidal masses, making the treatment effective.
20) Raktasrava (Rakta-srava, Raktashrava):
Raktasrava refers to bleeding, particularly bleeding per rectum in the context of haemorrhoids (Arsha). Ksharasutra treatment addresses Raktasrava effectively by causing haemorrhoidal masses to slough off with minimal bleeding.
21) Vibandha:
Vibandha means constipation, a common symptom associated with Arshas. The study shows that Ksharasutra treatment significantly alleviates Vibandha, improving the overall condition of patients.
22) Vibhanda (Vi-bhanda):
Vibhanda is another term for Vibandha, which means constipation. Ksharasutra treatment has shown significant improvement in relieving this symptom in patients with Arsha (haemorrhoids).
23) Koshtha (Kostha):
Koshtha refers to the gastrointestinal tract. In Ayurveda, conditions like Krura-koshtha (hard bowel) can contribute to the development of Arsha (haemorrhoids), which are treated using Ksharasutra.
24) Jatyadi:
Jatyadi refers to Jatyadi taila, an Ayurvedic medicinal oil used post-operatively in Ksharasutra treatment for haemorrhoids. It aids in the healing of the anal wound after the sloughing off of haemorrhoidal masses.
25) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
Tantra in Ayurveda refers to the systematic application of techniques and rules. Shalya-tantra, or surgical techniques including Ksharasutra, is one such branch dealing with the treatment of conditions like Arsha (haemorrhoids).
26) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya means 'sharp instrument' or 'surgery' in Ayurveda. The study involves Shalya-tantra techniques, particularly Ksharasutra, for the effective treatment of Arsha (haemorrhoids).
27) Karma (Karman):
Karma refers to actions or procedures. In the context of the study, Kshara-Karma is the procedure of using Ksharasutra for treating Arsha, involving chemical cauterization through medicated thread ligation.
28) Taila:
Taila refers to oil. In the post-operative care of Ksharasutra treatment for haemorrhoids, Jatyadi taila is used to facilitate wound healing after the haemorrhoidal masses have sloughed off.
29) Krura:
Krura refers to 'hard' in Ayurveda, often describing Krura-koshtha, a condition of hard bowel that can contribute to Arsha (haemorrhoids). Ksharasutra treatment helps alleviate the symptoms of this condition.
30) Snuhi:
Snuhi (Euphorbia nerifolia) is a plant whose latex is used in the preparation of Ksharasutra. It acts as a binding agent, ensuring that the fine particles of Kshara are effectively applied to the surgical thread.
31) India:
India is the origin of Ayurveda, the ancient medical science from which Ksharasutra treatment for haemorrhoids (Arsha) is derived. The study was conducted at the Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Jammu, India.
32) Linen:
Linen refers to the surgical thread used in Ksharasutra preparation. The linen thread is manually coated with plant-derived substances that make it effective for the ligation and treatment of haemorrhoids.
33) Drug:
Drug in this context refers to the various plant-based substances used in the preparation of Ksharasutra, including Apamarga (Achyranthus aspera), Haridra (Curcuma longa), and Snuhi latex.
34) Curcuma longa:
Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, is used in the final coating of Ksharasutra. It has wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal properties, making it an essential component of the treatment.
35) Agnikarma (Agni-karma):
[see source text or glossary: Agni-karma]
36) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]
37) Lakshana (Laksana):
[see source text or glossary: Lakshana]
38) Painting:
[see source text or glossary: Painting]
39) Turmeric:
Turmeric, or Haridra (Curcuma longa), is used in the preparation of Ksharasutra. It provides wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal properties, aiding in the effective treatment of haemorrhoids.
40) Samgraha (Sangraha):
[see source text or glossary: Sangraha]
41) Tankana (Tamkana):
[see source text or glossary: Tankana]
42) Ankura (Amkura):
[see source text or glossary: Ankura]
43) Kapha:
[see source text or glossary: Kapha]
44) Madhu:
[see source text or glossary: Madhu]
45) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]
46) Glass:
[see source text or glossary: Glass]
47) Pooja:
[see source text or glossary: Pooja]
48) Doubt:
[see source text or glossary: Doubt]
49) Tapa:
[see source text or glossary: Thapa]
50) Agni:
[see source text or glossary: Agni]
51) Bala:
[see source text or glossary: Bala]
52) Mala:
[see source text or glossary: Mala]
53) Food:
[see source text or glossary: Food]
54) Diet:
[see source text or glossary: Diet]
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