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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淧ranayama and brain correlates鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Prana (Pr膩峁嚹�, Pr膩峁嘺, Pra峁嘺, Pr膩峁�, Pran):
Prana refers to the vital life force or energy that flows in the body, crucial in Indian philosophy and yogic practices. It is believed to permeate all living things, sustaining physical and mental health. Understanding Prana is vital for linking breath control techniques like Pranayama to enhanced vitality and consciousness.

2) Activity:
Activity denotes any deliberate physical or mental engagement. In the context of Pranayama, it relates to the dynamic interplay between breath patterns and brain function. The changes in brain activity during different Pranayama techniques highlight the integrative capacity of breath in modulating physical and mental states.

3) Yoga (Yog膩):
Yoga is an ancient discipline that encompasses physical, mental, and spiritual practices aimed at achieving harmony within the individual. It involves various techniques, including Pranayama, to control breath and ultimately the mind. The practice of Yoga is foundational for exploring self-awareness and consciousness elevation.

4) Sutra (S奴tra):
Sutra refers to a concise statement or aphorism in classical texts, particularly in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. These texts codify the principles of Yoga and practical guidelines for its practice, including methods like Pranayama. Each Sutra serves as a guide, elucidating profound spiritual wisdom.

5) Kundalini (Ku峁囜笉alin墨, Kundalin墨, Kumdalini):
Kundalini is considered a dormant spiritual energy coiled at the base of the spine in yogic philosophy. Activation of Kundalini through practices like Pranayama is believed to lead to spiritual awakening and enlightenment. Understanding its significance is crucial for comprehending various states of consciousness during yoga.

6) Discussion:
Discussion involves the examination of a topic in a collaborative manner. In the context of Pranayama and its effects, discussion is essential for exploring varying interpretations and scientific insights. It provides a platform for understanding the practice's implications for physical health and mental wellbeing.

7) Channel:
Channel refers to the pathways through which energy flows in the body, as described in yogic literature. Nadis are the channels that facilitate the movement of pranic energy. Understanding these channels is important for explaining how practices like Pranayama can influence health and spiritual growth.

8) Reason:
Reason encompasses the logical basis for beliefs or actions. In the context of yogic practices like Pranayama, it addresses the rationale behind breath control and its therapeutic benefits. Establishing a reasoned framework enhances the comprehension of mind-body connections in health modalities.

9) Anga (A峁単a, Amga):
Anga refers to a limb or part of a system, used in the context of Yoga to signify the various components that make up the holistic practice. Pranayama is one of the Angas of Yoga, illustrating how breath control is vital for overall spiritual development.

10) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated indicates a state of being corrupted or impaired. In Pranayama, addressing vitiated breath or energy is crucial for achieving mental clarity and physical health. Understanding how to rectify vitiated states through breath practices is central to many yogic healing modalities.

11) Pingala (Pi峁単al膩, Pi峁単ala, Pi峁単膩la, Pimgala):
Pingala is one of the two main nadis, representing the solar energy and associated with the right side of the body and the sympathetic nervous system. In Pranayama, balancing Pingala with its counterpart, Ida, enhances physiological functions and promotes mental stability.

12) Dharana (Dhara峁嘺, Dh膩ra峁嘺, Dh膩ra峁嚹�):
Dharana represents focused concentration as outlined in the Yoga Sutras. It is the practice of fixing the mind on a single object. Mastery of Dharana is facilitated through practices like Pranayama, enabling deeper meditative states and ultimately leading towards higher levels of consciousness.

13) Sadhaka (S膩dhaka):
Sadhaka refers to a practitioner or seeker engaged in spiritual practices, including Yoga. The Sadhaka aims to attain enlightenment and self-realization through dedicated efforts in disciplines like Pranayama, highlighting the individual's journey toward personal and spiritual growth.

14) Anxiety:
Anxiety characterizes a psychological state of excessive worry or nervousness. In the context of Pranayama, techniques aim at alleviating anxiety by promoting relaxation and mental clarity. Understanding the relationship between breath control and anxiety management is critical in psychosomatic medicine.

15) Science (Scientific):
Science involves systematic study through observation and experimentation. The scientific exploration of Pranayama aims to understand its neurological and physiological effects. A scientific approach can validate ancient practices, providing empirical evidence for their therapeutic benefits in mental and physical health.

16) Sthula (Sth奴la):
Sthula means 'gross' or 'physical' in Sanskrit, contrasting with the subtle. In Pranayama practice, Sthula aspects refer to tangible physiological effects observed in the body. Recognizing both Sthula and Suksma dimensions helps in a holistic understanding of Yoga's impact on overall wellbeing.

17) Udgata (Udgat膩, Udg膩t膩):
Udgata signifies awakening or liberation in the context of Pranayama, where breath control may lead to higher states of consciousness and realization. This term highlights the transformative potential of breath as a means to transcend ordinary states of mind and achieve spiritual heights.

18) Sukshma (S奴k峁�ma, S奴k峁�m膩, Shukshma, 艢奴k峁�ma):
Suksma refers to the 'subtle' or non-physical aspects of energy or consciousness. In Pranayama, understanding Suksma is essential as practitioners aim to engage with both gross and subtle energies for achieving deeper states of meditation and awareness during yoga practices.

19) Sakthi:
Sakthi stands for divine energy or power, often associated with feminine energy in yogic philosophy. The concept of Sakthi is vital to understanding how energy can be harnessed through practices like Pranayama. It emphasizes the transformative potency of breath in spiritual practices.

20) Psyche:
Psyche represents the mind or spirit, encompassing the emotional and intellectual faculties. In the context of Pranayama, the interplay between breathing techniques and the psyche highlights how breath regulates emotional states, contributing to mental health and overall psychological balance.

21) Ayama (膧y膩ma):
Ayama means 'extension' or 'expansion' in Sanskrit. Combined with Prana, it reflects the practice of expanding and controlling the breath. In this context, Ayama emphasizes the importance of conscious breathing in enhancing energy flow, mental focus, and spiritual realization.

22) Cakra (Cakr膩, C膩kra):
Cakra refers to energy centers in the body that correspond to physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of existence. In Pranayama, activating the Cakras is central to promoting overall vitality and health. Understanding Cakras helps to contextualize how breath influences these energy points.

23) Yama (Y膩ma, Y膩m膩):
Yama denotes ethical guidelines or moral codes in yoga philosophy. It serves as a foundation for disciplined practice. In Pranayama, adhering to Yama principles supports mental clarity and emotional stability, enhancing the practitioner's ability to engage in deeper spiritual work.

24) Soma (Som膩):
Soma refers to the body in a holistic context, encompassing both physical and subtle elements. In yogic practices like Pranayama, the relationship between Soma and breath is fundamental. Understanding this connection offers insights into how breath influences bodily health and spiritual awareness.

25) Nadi (N膩di, Nad墨, N膩岣嵞�, N膩din, N膩岣峣, Nadin):
Nadi refers to the channels through which prana flows in the body. These subtle energy pathways are integral to yogic practices. Understanding Nadis is essential for practitioners of Pranayama, as they illustrate how breath control can help regulate energy flow and overall health.

26) Vayu (V膩yu):
Vayu translates to 'air' or 'wind' in Sanskrit, and in the context of Pranayama, it signifies the vital force associated with breath. Understanding Vayu is critical for grasping how breathwork affects physiological functions and serves to connect the body with the mind and spirit.

27) Fear:
Fear represents an emotional response to perceived threats or danger. In yogic practices like Pranayama, addressing fear through breath control can help reduce anxiety and promote emotional stability. Understanding fear's impact on health is crucial for fostering resilience and well-being.