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(i) 峁氠梗abhadeva:

The earliest 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 of Jainism was 峁氠梗abhadeva, also known as 膧din膩tha, who was born in the womb of 惭补谤耻诲别惫墨. 狈腻产丑颈 was his father. Before his birth, his mother had a dream where she saw that a bull coming towards her. Hence, he was named 峁氠梗abhadeva. He preserves two symbols, one is bull and other is dharmacakra. The tree connected with his 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补 is nyagrodha. All the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s have some particular 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�. The name of 峁氠梗abhadeva鈥檚 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� are Gomukha and 颁补办谤别艣惫补谤墨.

(ii) Ajita:

Ajita was born in 础测辞诲丑测腻in the womb of Vijay膩senadev墨 and he is regarded as the second 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补. 闯颈迟补艣补迟谤耻 was his father. Before his birth his mother saw an elephant in her several dreams. In Indian faith an elephant is connected with kingly power. After his birth all his father鈥檚 enemies were conquered (jita). Hence his name is given as Ajita the invincible one. The symbol related to him is an elephant. The tree connected with his is 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补 is 办别惫补濒补惫峁沰峁�a. Mah膩测补办峁�a and Ajitab膩la are his 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(iii) 厂补尘产丑补惫补苍腻迟丑补:

The third 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补, 厂补尘产丑补惫补苍腻迟丑补 was theson of king D峁涐笉har膩ja and queen 厂耻峁�e峁嚹�. He was born in 艢谤腻惫补蝉迟颈. His king father had been distressed to see the way his dominions were ravaged by plague and famine, but when he heard the good news of the birth of his child, he felt that there was a chance (sambhava) of better times coming. So he named his son 厂补尘产丑补惫补苍腻迟丑补. His symbol is horse. The tree under which he received the 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补 is 艣腻濒补. Trimukha and Durit膩r墨 were the names of his 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(iv) Abhinandana:

Abhinandana, the fourth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 of Jainism was the son of Svaya峁僾ara and 厂颈诲诲丑腻谤迟丑腻 who lived in 础测辞诲丑测腻. He was so called because Indra used to come down to the earth to worship him. He preserves the symbol of an ape. Under 辫颈测腻濒补 tree he received the supremeknowledge. The name of the 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� related to him were 莫艣var and 碍腻濒颈 respectively.

(v) 厂耻尘补迟颈苍腻迟丑补:

厂耻尘补迟颈苍腻迟丑补, the fifth sage of Jainism comes from a R膩jput family. His parents were Megharatha and 惭补峁単补濒腻. He was born in Ka峁卥a峁嘺pura. He was called 厂耻尘补迟颈苍腻迟丑补, because before the birth of the child, his mother鈥檚 intellect became much perfected (sumati). A story is related that there was an old br膩hmi峁�, having two wives and a son. After his death, both the wives claimed that the son belonged to each of them and always quarreled about this. Ultimately the matter was laid before the Queen for settlement. The Queen ordered that to end the dispute the living child should be cut into two pieces. This brought an end to the quarrel, because no one wanted to cut and kill the child. Thus, this intelligent order saved the situation. Because of this sumati of his mother he was named as 厂耻尘补迟颈苍腻迟丑补. Heron was his symbol and the tree connected with his 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补 is 辫谤颈测补峁僩耻. Tumbaru was his 测补办峁�a and Mah膩k膩li was his 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(vi) Padmaprabha:

碍补耻艣腻尘产墨 was ruled by a R膩jput king whose name was Sridhara and his great son Padmaprabha was known as the sixth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 of Jainism. His name became Padmaprabha because his mother 厂耻蝉墨尘腻 had a desire to lie down on the bed of lotuses before the birth of the child. Lotus was his symbol. Kevala tree related to him was 肠丑补迟谤腻产丑补. The names of his 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� were Kusuma and 艢测腻尘腻 respectively.

(vii) 厂耻辫腻谤艣惫补苍腻迟丑补:

厂耻辫腻谤艣惫补苍腻迟丑补, the seventh 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 of Jainism was the son of 厂耻辫谤补迟颈峁ａ弓丑补 and 笔峁泃丑颈惫墨. Banaras was known as his birth place. He was endowed from birth with beautiful sides, so he was known by the name 厂耻辫腻谤艣惫补. Moreover, his mother was suffering from leprosy. She was cured from this before his birth and therefore he was given the name of su (good) and 辫腻谤艣惫补 (sides). The 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� related to him were M膩ta峁単a and 艢腻苍迟颈 respectively. 艢颈谤墨峁�a and svastika were his kevala tree and symbol.

(viii) Candraprabha:

The eighth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 of Jainism was Candraprabha whose parents were R膩jput and they belonged to Candrapur墨. Before his birth, his mother longed to drink the moon and when he was born, he was found as bright as the moon and his name became Candraprabha. The moon became the symbol of him. The tree connected with his 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补 is 苍腻驳补. Vijaya and Bh峁沰u峁璱 were the names of his 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(ix) 厂耻惫颈诲丑颈苍腻迟丑补:

The ninth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 was 厂耻惫颈诲丑颈苍腻迟丑补, the son of 厂耻驳谤墨惫补 and 搁腻尘腻. His place of 苍颈谤惫腻峁嘺 was 厂补尘别迟补艣颈办丑补谤补. Before his birth his kingly relatives were warring against one another, but after his birth they gave up fighting between themselves and took to performing religious duties. His birth eventually brought suvidhi (good order) to the distracted family and so his name became Suvidhinatha. He was also called 笔耻峁�p补诲补苍迟补 due to his beautiful teeth which were like the buds of flowers. Two different opinions had been seen about his symbol and kevala tree. The 艢惫别迟腻尘产补谤补蝉 believed that dolphin was his symbol but the Digambaras believed that crab was his symbol. Regarding the tree under which he attained the supremeknowledge was the 苍腻驳补, according to some authorities and another authority, it was malli. Ajita and Sut膩r墨dev墨 were 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� of this sage.

(x) 艢墨迟补濒补苍腻迟丑补:

King 顿峁涐笉丑补谤补迟丑补 and Queen Suna峁嘾膩鈥檚 son 艢墨迟补濒补苍腻迟丑补 became the tenth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 of Jainism. He acquired a marvellous power to cure fever and bring coolness to the patients. His father was suffering from fever where all the physicians had given up all hopes of his recovery. But when he was in his mother鈥檚 womb, his mother laid her hand on her husband and immediately fever left him and his father was cured. He then came to be known as 艢墨迟补濒补苍腻迟丑补. His symbol and kevala tree was 艣谤墨惫补迟蝉补-svastika and vilva. 叠谤补丑尘腻 and 础艣辞办补 are his 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(xii) 艢rey膩峁兣沘n膩tha:

艢rey膩峁兣沘n膩tha, the eleventh 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 was the son of king Vi峁ａ箛udeva and Vi峁ａ箛udev墨. It had been found that his father had a very beautiful and peculiar throne. But unfortunately an evil spirit took up his abode in it, so that no one even dared to sit on it. Then before the birth of child his mother made up her mind to sit on it. When she sat on it, nothing untoward happened. So his name was given as 艢rey膩峁兣沘n膩tha, the lord of good. Rhinoceros was his symbol and tumbara wasthe tree connected with his 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补. Yak峁�etaand M膩nav墨 are his 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(xii) 痴腻蝉耻辫奴箩测补:

The twelfth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 who was born in Camp膩pur墨 was 痴腻蝉耻辫奴箩测补 and he was the son of Vasu and Jay膩vat墨. His name has been derived in two ways. First, as he was the son of Vasu, he was called 痴腻蝉耻辫奴箩测补. And secondly, before his birth the Gods Indra and Vasu came to worship his father and brought for him wealth (vasu) from heaven. Male buffalo was his symbol. Regarding kevala tree one belief is 辫腻迟补濒颈办补 and another, kadamba. 碍耻尘腻谤补 and Ca峁嘾膩 were the 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(xiii) 痴颈尘补濒补苍腻迟丑补:

The thirteenth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 痴颈尘补濒补苍腻迟丑补 was the son of the king K峁泃avarman and Suramy膩. He is known as 痴颈尘补濒补苍腻迟丑补 (Lord of clearness) after the clearness of intellect of his mother with which she was endowed before his birth. Boar was his sign and jambu was his kevala tree. 峁�a峁噈ukhaand Vairo峁璱 were the 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(xiv) 础苍补苍迟补苍腻迟丑补:

础苍补苍迟补苍腻迟丑补 became fourteenth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 of Jainism who was the son of 厂颈峁僪补蝉别苍补 and 闯补测补艣测腻尘腻. His mother saw an endless (ananta) necklace of pearls in a dream before his birth and so he was named as Anantanatha. The 艢惫别迟腻尘产补谤补蝉 believe that hawk was his symbol and the Digambaras believe that bear was his symbol. 础艣惫补迟迟丑补 was his kevela tree. 笔腻迟腻濒补 and Anantamat墨 were the 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(xv) 顿丑补谤尘补苍腻迟丑补:

顿丑补谤尘补苍腻迟丑补 was the son of Bh膩nur膩ja and 厂耻惫谤补迟腻. He became the fifteenth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 of Jainism. Before his birth his mother performed many religious rites while he was in her womb. And, therefore, he was known as 顿丑补谤尘补苍腻迟丑补. Thunder bolt was his symbol. The kevela tree was called 诲补诲丑颈辫补谤峁嘺 or saptacchada. Kinnara and Kandarp膩 are his 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(xvi) 艢腻苍迟颈n膩tha:

The sixteenth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 艢腻苍迟颈n膩tha was the son of 痴颈艣惫补蝉别苍补 and 础肠颈谤腻. He was born at 贬补蝉迟颈苍腻辫耻谤补. He was named as 艢腻苍迟颈n膩tha or Lord of peace, since his birth brought peace to the place. Deer was his symbol. Under 苍补苍诲颈惫峁沰峁�a he received the supreme knowledge. 碍颈峁僷耻谤耻峁�a and Mah膩m膩nas墨 were the 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(xvii) 碍耻苍迟丑耻苍腻迟丑补:

The seventeenth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 was 碍耻苍迟丑耻苍腻迟丑补, the son of king 艢ivar膩ja and 艢ridev墨. Before his birth, his mother had seen a large heap (kuntha) of jewels in her dream. That is why he was known by the name of 碍耻苍迟丑耻苍腻迟丑补. His symbol was a goat. The tree under which he attained the 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补 was tilakataru. The 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� related to him were Gandharva and 叠补濒腻.

(xviii) 础谤补苍腻迟丑补:

The eighteenth sage 础谤补苍腻迟丑补 was the son of king 厂耻诲补谤艣补苍补 and Mitrasen膩dev墨. His mother saw a wheel (ara) of jewels in her dream so he obtained the name of 础谤补苍腻迟丑补. Svastika was his symbol. The sacred tree related to him was mango tree.The 测补办峁�a and the 测补办峁�i峁嚹� were Yak峁�endra and Dh膩ra峁嚹玠ev墨.

(xix) Malli:

The nineteenth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 was Malli. The 艢惫别迟腻尘产补谤补蝉 believed that Malli was a woman and was the daughter of king Kumbha and Praj膩vat墨. She was known as Malli because before her birth her mother had desired to wear a garland of flowers called 尘补濒濒颈办腻. Her symbol was a water鈥搄ar. The tree under which she attained supreme knowledge was 补艣辞办补. Kubera and Dhara峁嘺priy膩 were the 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� of Malli. However, the Digambaras deny this belief of the 艢惫别迟腻尘产补谤补蝉. Their faith is that no woman can ever be liberated and subsequently become a 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补. Therefore, they believed that nineteenth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 was also a male.

(xx) Munisuvrata:

Munisuvrarta was the son of King Sumitra and 笔补诲尘腻惫补迟墨. Before his birth his mother observed all the vows of Jainism. Hence, after the birth of the child, he was given the name of Munisuvrarta. Tortoise was his symbol. He obtained 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补 under campaka tree. 痴补谤耻峁嘺 and Naradatt膩 were the 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� of him.

(xxi) 狈补尘颈苍腻迟丑补:

狈补尘颈苍腻迟丑补, the twenty-first 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 was the son of Vijayar膩ja and 痴补辫谤腻. The enemies of his father bowed down in submission when he was in his mother鈥檚 womb and therefore he was named as 狈补尘颈苍腻迟丑补. Blue lotus was his symbol and bakula was kevala tree. Bh峁泆kti and Gandh膩ri were his 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� respectively.

(xxii) Nemin膩tha or 础谤颈峁ａ弓补苍别尘颈:

Nemin膩th or 础谤颈峁ａ弓补苍别尘颈 was the twenty-second 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 of the Jainas who was the son of Samudravijaya and 艢ivadev墨. Before his birth his mother saw a wheel (nemi) of black jewels (补谤颈峁ａ弓补) so his name became 础谤颈峁ａ弓补苍别尘颈. Conchshell was his symbol. The tree related to his 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补 is 尘补丑腻惫别峁嘘. The 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� are Gomedha and 础尘产颈办腻.

(xxiii) 笔腻谤艣惫补苍腻迟丑补:

The twenty-third 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 笔腻谤艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 was the son of 础艣惫补蝉别苍补 and 痴腻尘腻. He was known by the name because when he was in the womb of his mother, she saw a serpent crawling by her side. At the age of 30, 笔腻谤艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 renounced the world and became an ascetic. He practised penance for eighty-three days. On the eighty-fourth day, he obtained 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补. He preached the truth for about 70 years and achieved salvation or 尘辞办峁�a at the age of 100 years on the Mount 笔腻谤艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 in Bengal. Snake is his symbol. The 诲别惫补诲腻谤耻 was his kevala tree. P膩r艣va or 痴腻尘补苍补 and 笔补诲尘腻惫补迟墨 were his 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹�.

(xxiv) 惭补丑腻惫墨谤补:

The last 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 was known as 惭补丑腻惫墨谤补, also known as 痴补谤诲丑补尘腻苍补, who was the greatest of all the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s of Jainism. 惭补丑腻惫墨谤补 was the second son of 厂颈诲诲丑腻谤迟丑补 a 办峁�a迟谤颈测补 chieftain of Magadhaand 罢谤颈艣补濒腻. He was born in the village called Ku峁囜笉agr膩ma near Vai艣膩li about 599 B.C. He was called 痴补谤诲丑补尘腻苍补 because before his birth, his family鈥檚 treasures were increasing day by day. He sustained all fears and dangerous and endured all hardships and calamities. So he was called 惭补丑腻惫墨谤补.

惭补丑腻惫墨谤补 lived as a householder for thirty years. But, when his parents died, he left his home and became an ascetic at the age of 30. After twelve years of constant meditation, he went to a place known as T峁沵bhikagr膩mawhich was near 笔腻谤艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 hills. In that place sitting under the shade of an 蝉腻濒补 tree by the side of the river 峁歫uv膩llika, he meditated deeply for some time and ultimately attained the absolute or perfect knowledge (办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补). After this he, became omniscient and was regarded as a 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补. He died in 527 B.C., at the age of 72. Lion was his symbol and 蝉腻濒补 was kevala tree. The 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁嚹� were named as M膩ta峁単a and Siddh膩yika.