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Bhattikavya [=bhattikavyam] refers to a number of instruments. The effect of musical instruments on war front is exemplified in the following verse. gurupanava venugunja- bheripeloru jhalalaribhimaram | dhakkaghantatumulam sannaddham parabalam rana''yasasaham || Bhattikavyam (XIII, 45 ) Rama's army got ready with armour; the enemy's army, which produced a terrific, dines of huge musical instruments (Panava), flutes, drums, kettledrums, blow-horns, and large cymbals, and raised the loud din of hand-drums (Dakka) and bells and which was capable of withstanding the exertion of war. A host of drums are quoted in the following verses. kabhbunaya samadadhmuh konairbheryo nijadhvire | venun pupurire gunja jagunjah karadhattitah | | vadayanjakrire dhakkah panava dadhvanurhatah | kahalah purayancakruh purnah perasca sasvanuh || mrdanga dhiramasvenurhataih svane ca gomukhaih | ghantah sisinjire dirgham jahade patahairbhrsam || Bhattikavyam (XIV-2, 3, 4) Then they blew the conchs, beat the drums with drumsticks and puffed pufted the flutes, and the drums, that wer strucks with hands, sounded. The tabours began to sound, the beaten drum resounded; they blew the Kahalas and the air-filled peras produced notes. The Mrdangas produced deep notes and music was produced by the gonukhas; the bells tolled for long, and the pataha drums produced m excessive noise.

214 We can find that the sounds of the Turya are referred as a good omen. atha jagaduranicairasisasatasya viprasatumulakalaninadam turyamajaghuranye | abhimataphalasamsi caru pusphora bahasarusu cukuvuruccaih paksinasca'nuskulah | | Bhattikavyam (I-27) The Brahmins loudly proclaimed blessings others (trumpeteers), played on their instruments loud sweet notes. His right arm throbbed foretelling the desired results and birds chirped loudly from the trees in an auspicious manner. Drums and gongs are parts of festivities. udaksipan pattadukulaketunavadayan venumrdangakamsyam | kambumsca taranadhaman samantat tatha''nayan kudkumacandanani || Bhatti-kavyam ( III-34) They hoisted banners of silken cloth, played on flutes, drums and Scattered bell-metal gangs, blew high-pitched conclus and also scatierred saffron and sandal wood all around. Birds seem to produce music through their cries. kurvanti parisarinyo vidyutah paridevinam | abhyadhatibhiramisrascatakaih pariratibhih || Bhattikavyam (VII-7) Prove to spread around and interspersed with cataha birds given to producing a drumbeat like sound and chattering, there lighteing flashes make me a lamenter. lightening

215 The Laya and the Tala are exemplified talena sampaditasamyasobham subhavadhanam svarabaddharagam | padairgata'rthe nrpamandiresu pratarjagurmangalavat tarunyah || Bhattikavya (XI-19) At day break, in the royal palaces, young ladies sang an auspicious song in which the charm of uniformity was achieved with beats keeping time, the concentration was excellent, the raga produced by appropriate notes and the sense was conveyed by words. Vivid description of the warfront can be seen in the verse below sasyande sonitam vyoma rana'ngani prajajvaluh | rathah pracaskhaluh sa'sva na samha'svakunjaram || Bhattikavyam (XIV-98) The sky scattened blood, the war instruments went up in flames; chariots skidded along with the horses and the troops of horses and elephants would not budge. Drums are used to wake Kumbakarna from his slumber. nakhairakartisusamtiksnairadaksurdasanaistatha | sitairatautsuh sulaisya bherispa'vivavadan subhah || Bhatti-kavya (XV-4) (Waking Kumbakarna), tone him with sharp nails, as also bit him with teeth, pierced him with pointed spikes and sounded auspicious drums. We have another reference to trumpet apurayan nabhah sabdo balasamvartasambhavah | apuryanta ca digbhagastumulaisturyanisvanemh || Bhattikavyam (XVII-56) The din arising from the bustle at the forces filled the firmanent and the space of the quarters was pervaded by the tumultous peals of trumpets.