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Music and Dance though regarded as fine arts have sciences of their own. Music is an art in the sense of its being a combination of sounds in a beautiful form, having the effect of producing pleasant expressions of emotions. At the same time the desired effect can be had only if the combination of sounds is according to set tunes, couched in a suitable sweet voice combined with rhythm.

101 Thus the study of music involves a systematized scientific procedure. The very word 'Sangitam' means that which is sung well indicates a definite process. Dancing also involves a systemized process. These two are attached to the Upaveda called Gandharva Veda. Further certain scholars trace the origin of music to the Sama Veda. It is regarded that the celestial dance of Siva as Nataraja served as the origin of Dance. Dance has to be according to systematic processes of steps, glides, leaps, gestures etc., accompanied by suitable music and rhythm, otherwise, dance will only resemble the jumping of a frog. 'Nadopasana' is the name given to the practice of music as a means of worshipping God. Even now both music and dance are closely associated with festivals and the daily routine in temples. In every dance performance, one can find an orchestra group accompanying the music. Theatrical performances: The words 'Preksa' and 'Preksaka' - mentioned in the works refer to theatrical performances. The terms have been used in this sense in the Sanskrit literature. Literally meaning 'the gift of a dramatic performance' and the injunction of 'Yathavidhi Preksadana' i.e. the gift for the arrangement of a dramatic show made in the proper procedure, may have been made with reference to them. Music, dance and playing of musical instruments are essential elements of ancient Indian theatre. Bharata's Natyasastra gives a detailed account of Purvaranga, the preliminaries to be observed before a play begins. Tuning of Musical instruments and Worship of Musical instruments are explained here in a technical manner.