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26. The Relative Chronology of some Works of Nagojibhatta Between c. A. D. 1670 and 1750* Dr. P. V. Kanel has given us a good account of Nagojibhatta of Banaras and his literary activity of an encyclopaedic character. According to him Nagoji "flourished towards the end of the 17 th century and the first half of the 18 th century." "His literary activity must be placed between 1700 and 1750 A. D.". This chronology is fairly correct, but it needs to be corroborated by a study of the extant works of Nagoji and their relative chronological order. For want of leisure I cannot undertake such a laborious study; but as a first step in this direction I record below the results of my study of some works of Nagoji from the chronological point of view. It is hoped that these results will clarify at least to some extent the relative chronology of these works and also substantiate the views of Dr. Kane about the chronology for Nagoji's life and literary career referred to above. Before recording the results of my present study I note below the names of the works of Nagoji so far known:- (I) Aufrecht records the following works of Nagoji (Cata. Catalo. Part I, pp. 283-284):- (1) alamkarasudha kuvalayanamdatika (2) astadhyayipatha (3) bhacarendusekhara (4) asaucanirnaya (5) istikalanirnaya (6) katyayanitantra (7) kavyapradipa-udyota (8) rasagamgadharatika gurumarmaprakasika ( 9 ) camditika or devimahatmya tika (10) camdistotraprayogavidhi (11) tarkabhasatika yuktimuktavali (12) gr. ( on what ?) *Oriental Thought, Vol. I pp. 45-52. 1. Vide pp. 458-456 of History of Dharmasastra, Vol. I, Poona, 1980.

bewil ( 13 ) tinantasamgraha ( 14 ) tithimdusekhara (15) tirthaidusekhara Chronology of Nagojibhatta (16) tristhali setu (1) (17) dhatupathavrtti (18) neranivadartha (19) padarthadipika ny. (20) paribhasendusekhara ( 21 ) patamjalasutravrtti yoga lean of 22 ) patamjalasutravrtti bhasyacchayavyakhya ( 23 ) prabhakaracandra tatvadipikatika gr. ( 24 ) prayogasarani tantra (25) prayascittendusekhara (26) prayascittendusekhara sarasamgraha ( 27 ) mahabhasyapradipodyota (28) rasataramginitika (29) rasamamjariprakasa (30) ramayanatika (31) laksanaratnamalika dh. (32) visamapadi sabdakaustubhatika (33) vedasuktabhasya (34) vaiyakaranakarika (35) vaiyakaranabhusana ( ? ) (36) vaiyakaranasiddhamta mamjusa (37) vyasasutrendusekhara (38) sabdaratna (?) (39) sabdanamtasagarasamuccaya (40) suptinantasagarasamuccaya ( 41 ) sabdendusekhara (42) samskararatnamala (43) laghusamkhyasutravrtti 10 (44) sapimdyamamjari hos (45) sapimdyadipika (46) sphotavada ( 47 ) nagojibhattiya Se or agmolet Calced and is () 213 10% stab and T

Dr. G. V. Devasthali's Descriptive Catalogue of the Bombay University MSS (Books I and II) records the following works of Nagoji-Bhatta: MS No. 40. - mahabhasyapradipodyota MS No. 6% - laghusabdendusekhara MS No. 63 - Do MS No. 64 - Do -A (al) TI In this work Nagoji refers to his "brhacchabdendusekhara " - ( " vistarastu brhacchabdendusekhare drastavyah " ). -MS No. 71 - paramalaghumamjusa -- MS is dated Samvat 190% = A. D. 1846. This is the shortest of the three editions of Nagoji's treatise on the philosophy of grammar viz. vaiyakaranasiddhantamamjusa . MS No. 89 - paribhasendusekhara - 11 MS No. 982 asaucanirnaya MS dated Saka 1728 = A. D. 1806. Works and authors mentioned in this manual are:- akara, kaladarsa, jatamalla- vilasa, nirnayasindhu ( A. D. 161 ), parasara, parijata, prayogaparijata, brahmandapurana, madana- ratna, manu, madhava, mitaksara, varahitantra, vijnanesvara, visnu, smrtyarthamsara, 66 MS No. 983 - Do -- MS dated " Samvat 1644." - 鈥� MS. No. 984 - Do - MS dated Saka 1734 = A.D 1812. The date of MS No. 988 recorded by Dr. Devasthali is " Samvat 1644. " If this is correct it can be interpreted as follows:- (1) If the date 1644 belongs to Vikrama Samvat it is equal to A. D. 1588. This date for a MS of Nagoji's work is impossible as Nagoji lived definitely after c. A. D. 1640. (2) If the date 1644 belongs to Saka era it is equal to A. D. 1722. This date for the MS is possible as it does not conflict with the chrono- (3) logy for Nagoji's works fixed by scholars. MS No. 1198 - sapindayapradipa - MS dated Saka 1725 = A.D. 1808. Authorities referred to in this work are :- anamtadeva, apastamba dharmasutra, govindarnava, gautama, caturvimsatimata namdapamdita, paithinasi, brhaspati, baudhayana, brahmapurana, madana- parijata, manu (or manusmrti ), matsya, madhava ( and madhavanuyayinah ), markamdeyapurana, mimamsavartika, yajnavalkya, vasistha, vasudeva ( bhatta vasudeva ), vijnanesvara, vyasa, samkara bhatta, sankha, sakatayana, samgrahokti, satyasadha, sumantu, samgrahokti, satyasadha, sumantu, smrtipadasthavartika, haradatta, hemadri .Among the above references the following three are important for the chronology of Nagojibhatta and his works :- (1) samkarabhatta -- Between A. D. 1540 and 1600. He was the nephew of kamalakarabhatta author of nirnayasimdhu ( A. D. 1612 ) and composed dvaitanirnaya and

Chronology of Nagojibhatta 215 other works on dharmasastra (See p. 747 of Vol. I of Hist. of Dharma. als besogno av by P. V Kane 1). (2) anamtadeva - the author of smrtikaustubha and other works. He flourished "between 1645 and 1675 A. D." (See p. 452 of History of Dharmasastra, Vol. I by P. V. Kane), (3) feathe celebrated writer on dharmasastra. He flourished "between 1595 and 1630 A. D." (See p. 432 of Hist. of Dharma. Vol. I by P. V. Kane). MS No. 1358 MS dated Saka 1762=A. D. 1840. MS No. 1359 11 11 Do The Descriptive Catalogue of MSS (Vol. VI - Vyakarana MSS) in the Asiatic Society of Bengal records the following MSS of Nagojibhatta's works:MS No. 4222 - mahabhasyapradipodyota MS No. 4228-Do-MS dated Samvat 1794 A. D. 1738. = MS No. 4268 MS dated Samvat 1828=A. D. 1772. MS No. 4284--- (See also other MSS of this work, Nos. 4285 to 4290). laghuvaiyakaranasiddhanta mamjusa MS No. 4331 a露露露 -- ( Other MSS Nos. 4332, 4333, 4434). MS No. 4434 is dated Saka 1745 A. D. 1823. MS No. 4343 paribhasendusekhara MS No. 4344-Do- MS dated Samvat 1911=A. D. 1855. MS No. 4345-c by Vaidyanatha Payagunde (MS dated Samvat 1916 A.D. 1860 Nagojibhatta_wrote & commentary called udyota on the kavyapradipa of Govinda. The B. O. R. Institute has a MS of this commentary, No. 149 of 1902-07. References to works and authors found in this MS are:- ramayana, dipika, udbhatalamkarakrt, paramanandacakravarti, bhattamimamsakah, candidasa, mandanamisrah . Nagoji refers in this work to his vaiyakaranasiddhantamamjusa as follows:-Folio 7 - " iti vaiyakaranamatam mamjusayam pratipaditamasmabhih " Folio 14 - " iti spastam asmatkrtavaiyyakaranasiddhantamamjusikayam " Folio 15 - " patamjalamatam vaiyyakaranasiddhantamamjusayamasmabhirupapaditam " 1. There is another samkarabhatta, ( son of nilakanthabhatta, son of samkarabhatta, ) author of and other works. He flourished between 1620 and 1630 A. D. (See p. 747 of Hist. of Dh. Vol. 1).

It is clear from these three references that Nagojibhatta's udyota on the c of Govinda was composed after the composition of his vaiyyakaranasiddhanta mamjusa . There is a MS of Nagojibhatta's Vaiyakarana Siddhanta-Manjusa (No. 1295 ) in the library of Scindia Oriental Institute, Ujjain, copied in Saka 1630 = A. D. 1708. My friend Sri S. L. Katre, the Curator of the Institute has kindly supplied to me the following extract from the colophon of this MS :- ""vaiyakaranasiddhantamamjusa ya krta maya | taya sribhagavansambah sivo me priyatamiti || sri sake 1630 caitra sudi 14 budhe subham kurmacaladese alamoda sri jnanicanda rajyasthane viresvara panditagrhanikate likhitamidam dasayam ( -scored ? ) ratnakaratripathina || subham || " One Ratnakara Tripathi copied this MS at Almoda (Almora) in the Kurmacala (Kumaon) territory at a place near the house of Viresvara Pandita on Budhavara, 14 th day of the bright fortnight of the month of Caitra of Saka 1680. This date corresponds to Wednesday, 24 th March. 1708 according to Indian Ephemeris, Vol. VI by Pillai, page 218. The date of this work must, therefore, be earlier than A. D. 1708. The B. O. R. Institute has a MS of the vaiyakaranasiddhantamamjusa (No. 33 of 1907-1915) dated Saka 1699 = 1777 A. D. I have gone through this MS cursorily. Works and authors mentioned in this treatise are:-- nyayabhasyakrta, kaiyata, carake patamjalih, naiyayikah, patamjala bhasya, panini, harina, helarajah, helarajiye, kanadisutra, bharatam, harivamsa, jaiminisutra, sriharsakrta khamdane, asvalayana, asvalayana srautakarika, baudhayanasutra, samkhayana, pumjarajah, gautamah, nyayavartikakara, bharadvajah, samkhyasutre, vacaspatimisrah paramarthasare sesanagena, bhagavate, kaurme, bauddhamata, sanatsujatiya bhasye bhagavatpadaih, vyasasutre, brahmandapurane, naiyayikanavyoktam, niruktabhasye, kavyaprakase, patamjalasutra, bhattakarikayam, carake, gautamiye, samarthasutrabhasye, nirukte, khamdanakrta, vrddhah, alamkarikaih, tamtrikah, navyamimamsakah, gurumatam ( fol. 73), bhattaih, mitaksara, yajnavalkya, sabarasvami, arvacinanaiya- yikamimamsakanam parasaropapuranat vatsyayanah, devalah, rudradatta vidyaranyabhyam, gitavacana, manuna, pamcasikhacaryaih, markamdeyapurana, parasarasmrtivyakhyayam madhavacaryah, manikrta, "iti bhasyapradipodyotadau vistarah " ( folio 140 ), harisvami, bhattapadaih, vedabhasya, gautamasmrteh, vayu (purana ), devipurana, sutasamhita, ranakakrt, didhitikarah, haridiksita (the guru of Nagojibhatta in phanibhasya ), ramarama ( guru of N. in nyayatamtra ), srrmgaverapuradhisa rama ( the patron of N. ) - Colophon on fol. 221 :- " itisrimadupadhyayopanamaka satigarbhajasivabhattasuta nagesakrto vaiyakaranasiddhamtamamjusakhyah sphotavadah || " In the above list of references, the reference by Nagojibhatta to his own " bhasyapradipodyota " on folio 140 of the MS is important. This work is

Chronology of Nagojibhatta 217 no other than the q-sata of this author. It is, therefore, clear that Nagojibhatta's mahabhasyapradipa - udyota was composed earlier than his of which a MS dated A. D. 1708 is available in the library of the Scindia Oriental Institute, Ujjain. I gratefully record below references in Nagoji bhatta's works to his other works supplied by my friend Prof. K. V. Abhyankar:- (1) In laghumamjusa (Benares Edition ) Nagoji mentions his sabdendusekharah Page 1033-- " etacca nirupitam katrkarmanoriti sutre saddhendusekhare " " Page 1088--"" (according to Vaidyanatha Payagunde, the pupil of Nagoji anyatra = sabdendusekhare ).. (2) In mahabhasyapradipodyota ( Benares Edition ) Nagoji mentions mamjusa on the following pages:Page 8-"fq" (see also pp. 14, 54, and the following sutras:- 1, 2, 58; I, 3, 72; I, 4, 54 ). (3) In laghusabdendusekhara ( Benares Edition ) Nagoji mentions his (maha ) bhasyapradipodyota on the following pages:Page 437-"ga qa" (see also pages 527 and 572). From the gloof Vaidyanatha Payagunde on the we find that there are many indirect references in this work to Nagoji's other works indicated by acas found on the following pages of the Benares Edition :- [1] anyatra = mamjusa ( pages 136, 140, 137, 144 [2] anyatra = udyota, and sabdaratna of haridiksita ( pp. 212, 268 ) [3] anyatra = udyota, ( pp. 54, 141, 262 ) [4] anyatra = sabdaratna ( pp. 180, 203, 270 ) 62) [5] anyatra = gurusekhara, udyota (p. 62 ) (4) In his commentary on the Rasagangadhara of Jagannatha Panditaraya Nagoji mentions his (see p. 360 of Nirnaya Sagara Press Edition of the Rasayangadhara). How to M (5) In afar (ed. by Kielhorn, B. S. Series) Nagoji mentions his other works as follows: - (i) sabdendusekhara ( pp. 21, 3164, 104, 114 ) (ii) bhasyapradipodyota ( pp. 43, 72 ) (iii) (pp. 79, 109) w 1(8) From the commentary of Vaidyanatha Payagunde on the Paribha- sendusekhara we get the following indirect references to his works made by Nagoji:-- 28

84 (1) anyatra = udyota ( pp. 7, 22, 29, 31, 38, 56, 70, 74, 84 89, 96, 97, 98, 103, 104, 105, 111, 112, 115) ( 2 ) anyatra = mamjusa (p. 8 (3) anyatra = sabdendusekhara ( pp. 37, 107 ). a. 1 ( 4 ) anyatra = sekhara ( pp. 61, 75, 78, 90, 96, 99, 110 ). From the data recorded so far we can tentatively draw the following conclusions:- (1 ) In his asaucanirnaya Nagoji ( =N) mentions nirnayasimdhu ( A. D. 1612). In his q N mentions (between A. D. 1540 and 1600 ), aa (between A. D. 1645-1675) and fea (between A. D. 1595 and 1630). N is, therefore, later than c. A. D. 1670. ia is dated A. D. 1708. (2) The Ujjain MS of N's (3) The A. S. B. (Calcutta) MS No. 4223, of N's voluminous work mahabhasyapradipa udyota is dated A. D. 1738. ( 4 ) In the vai . si . mamjusa N mentions his mahabhasyapradipaudyota, which in its turn mentions . . . This cross-reference proves that both these works were being composed simultaneously some time earlier than A. D. 1708, which is the date of the Ujjain MS of . f. (5) These voluminous works viz. the vai . si . mamjusa and mahabhasyapradipa zata are the products of N's mature intellect and scholarship. Presuming that N was about 30 years old at the time of their composition sometime before A. D. 1708, the date of a copy of one of these works, we may easily infer that N was born say between A. D. 1670 and 1680. This inference is in harmony with his reference to Anantadeva (A. D. 1645-1675). (6) Very probably N composed his vai . si . mamjusa and mahabhasyapradipa Jata between c. A. D. 1700 and 1708. (7) N composed his commentary on the c of Bhanudatta called the aa sometime before A. D. 1712, which is the date of a MS of this work in the India Office Library (See p. 355 of India Office Catalogue, Vol. III) as pointed out by S. K. De in History of Sanskrit Poetics, Vol. I (1923). (8) N composed his commentary on the Rasagangadhara after his composition of the vai . si . mamjusa as he mentions vai . si . mamjusa in this commentary. Very probably this commentary was composed by N sometime after A. D. 1700. (9) N composed his kavyapradipa udyota, which mentions vai . si . mamjusa, also after A. D. 1700.

Chronology of Nagoji-Bhatta (10) N composed his at 219 sometime before A. D. 1722, which is possibly the date of a MS of this work (No. 933) in the Bombay University collection of MSS. (11) N composed his laghumamjusa sometime after his vai . si . mamjusa (between A. D. 1700 and 1708). (12) N composed his laghumamjusa after his sabdendusekhara (= brhacchabdendusekhara ) as he refers to sabdendusekhara in the laghumamjusa . (13) N composed his laghusabdendusekhara after his brhacchabdendusekhara . (14) N mentionata (Between A. D. 1700 and 1708) in his laghusabdendusekhara . Evidently the laghusabdendusekhara is later than A. D. 1700. (15) N composed his paribhasendusekhara after his vai . si . mamjusa and mahabhasya ata-ala (both composed between c. A. D. 1700 and 1708) and also after brhacchabdendusekhara as these works are mentioned by him in the paribhasendusekhara . (16) N composed his ag some time before A. D. 1721 as we have the following dated MSS of this work in the library of the Oriental Institute, Baroda:Accession No. 846-, MS dated Samvat 1777 (= A. D. 1721). (see pp. 714 715 of Alphabetical List, Vol. I, 1942). Accession No. 11703 - laghusabdendusekhara with comm. 'cidasthimala ' by Nagoji's pupil dated Samvat 1780 (= A. D. 1724) (see pp. 716-717 of Alphabetical List, Vol. I, 1942). Evidently N composed his earlier than c. A. D. 1715 as the laghusabdendusekhara is an abridgment of the brhacchabdendusekhara . As the laghusabdendu mentions a, f. (between A. D. 1700 and 1708) it is later than c. A. D. 1700 and earlier than A.D. 1721, the date of the Baroda MS of this work. (17) N composed his ca-3 ata before A. D. 1754, the date of MS No. 1293 of this work in the Desai collection of MSS of the Bombay University (see p. 236 of H. D. Velankar's Cata. 1953). As this work mentions . f. (between A. D. 1700 and 1708) it was composed before A. D. 1754 but later than c. A. D. 1700. (18) N composed his c with commentary before A. D. 1733, the date of MS No. 1402 of this work in the Desai collection of the Bombay University (see. p. 258 of Velankar's Cata. 1953.) (19) Besides the Ujjain MS of . f. cdated A. D. 1708 there is another MS of it dated A. D. 1737 in the Desai Collection of the Bombay University (No. 1625-see p. 299 of Velankar's Catalogue, 1958).