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[Full title: Study on general Vratas in the 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II (F): 鲍辫补惫腻蝉补-vrata]

顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补 dealt with the 鲍辫补惫腻蝉补 in his work 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补^[1] 鲍辫补惫腻蝉补 i.e., fasting is an independent vrata. Its primary significance is expiation from sins committed by people. P.V. Kane has made an elaborate discussion on this topic in his History of 顿丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补 痴颈艣惫补尘产丑补谤补 Tripathi has furnished an explicit opinion regarding the word 耻辫补惫腻蝉补 in his 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补^[2] Earlier to this, 顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补 stated the same definition regarding this. However, he added no other aspects of the vrata. Ram膩n膩th Vidy膩la峁卥ara, in his gloss suggested about the connotation of the term 耻辫补惫腻蝉补 in two fold ways. His observation about it possesses relevancy with that of the explanation suggested by Visvambhara Tripathi in his work mentioned earlier^[3] Ram膩nath Vidy膩la峁卥膩ra鈥檚 first observation on the word 耻辫腻惫峁泃迟补^[4] connotes the meaning 苍颈惫峁泃迟颈 (cessation from accumulated sins). Therefore, one who wants to refrain from committing crime, sin or whatsoever evil in the eye of law, requires to observe some expiatory rites for the attainment of purity.

His second connotation is that, as soon as the sinner attains the virtuous state, he is liable to practice and follow some distinctive rules suggested by the digest writers to be flourished with some adorable qualities.^[5]

The commentator of 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补, referring the 叠丑补惫颈峁�y补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 suggests these qualities as shown hereafter.^[6]

1. Kindness to all creatures (顿补测腻);
2. Forgiveness (碍峁�a尘腻);
3. Bereft of quarrel (础苍补蝉耻测腻);
4. Sanctity (艢补耻肠补);
5. Stability (础苍腻测腻蝉补);
6. Well-being (惭补峁単补濒补);
7. Contentment (础办腻谤补辫补峁噛补);

Here, the first one denotes refrainment from the sins while the second one undertakes these qualities both taken together form the term 耻辫补惫腻蝉补, in the sense of the Vrata. He also refers to the DP for some rites pertinent to the vrata as ancillary rites to be practiced faithfully.^[7]

Referring 狈颈谤峁噉测补尘峁泃补, Visvambhara Tripathi, in his 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补 states that, sins can be viewed as arising from immoral speech, illusive touch and sights also. In this regard, he has quoted the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补, where prohibition of sight and talk with women except his wife are found referred to test celibacy i.e., Brahmacarya.^[8]

So far 辫腻谤补峁嘺 of 耻辫补惫腻蝉补 is concerned, Devala鈥檚 prescription is that it requires one copper pitcher for holding water in it for the next day of the vrata for 辫腻谤补峁嘺. Facing to the north, the performer should pronounce the 蝉补峁僰补濒辫补 尘补峁囜弓谤补 praying the lord-鈥極 Acyuta, O pu峁囜笉ar墨k膩峁�a, let you be the shelter of mine. I am going to take my meal鈥�.^[9]

In general, in 碍腻尘测补 耻辫补惫腻蝉补, the vratin can not partake of meals both at morning and evening of the ahoratra of the day of vrata. In case, if this vrata is meant for religious purpose (Dharma 耻辫补惫腻蝉补) the vratin is prohibited to take four meals. It means, the vratin has to forego four meals i.e., 叠丑补办迟补肠补迟耻峁ａ弓补测补尘 at a stretch in two consecutive days destined for the purpose of 顿丑补谤尘辞辫补惫腻蝉补惫谤补迟补. This prescript is found incorporated in both the text of 顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补 and 痴颈艣惫补尘产丑补谤补 Tripathi also bearing the same meaning, although with a little variation in structure.^[10]

There is suggestion of anukalpavidhi i.e., liberal rule quoted by Visvambhara Tripathi for those persons who are unable to take fast completely, or who are above the age of eighty, they are allowed to resort to take ekabhakta or nakta or 补测腻肠颈迟补 or other alternatives prescribed by the 艣腻蝉迟谤补. This relaxation is exclusively meant for the disabled person only.^{[11] [12]}

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

耻辫腻惫峁泃迟补sya p膩pebhya岣� yastu upav膩sogu峁嘺i岣� saha/
耻辫补惫腻蝉补岣� sa惫颈箩帽别测补岣� sarvabhoga vivarjjta岣�// 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II, p. 23

[2]:

耻辫补惫腻蝉补岣� sa 惫颈箩帽别测补岣� 蝉补谤惫补产丑辞驳补惫颈惫补谤箩颈迟补岣�// 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补,p.94

[3]:

惭颈艣谤补, 顿腻尘辞诲补谤补, 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II, p. 23

[4]:

耻辫腻惫峁泃迟补sya niv峁泃tasya p膩pebhya 墨ti p膩pakarmabhya岣�/
Ibid., p. 23

[5]:

耻辫补惫腻蝉补k峁泃o ete 驳耻峁嚹佱弗 proktt膩 man墨峁�ibhi岣�/
sarvabhogavivarjjit膩 iti 艣膩str膩numat膩 n峁泃yag墨t膩di sukharah墨ta岣�//

[6]:

day膩 k峁�am膩 补苍补蝉奴测腻 艣补耻肠补峁� 补苍腻测腻蝉补岣� ma峁単la峁� ak膩rpa峁噛a ete 驳耻峁嚹佱弗//
Ibid., p. 23

[7]:

tad 诲丑测腻苍补峁� 迟补诲箩补辫补岣� 蝉苍腻苍补峁� tad 办补迟丑腻 艣谤补惫补峁嚹乨颈办补尘//
Ibid., p. 23

[8]:

Tripathi, Visambhara, 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补 , pp. 93

[9]:

svad膩ravyatirikta stri峁嚹佱箖 prek峁�a峁嚹乨墨ny upav膩sw varjy膩n墨/
str墨峁嚹佱箖 sa峁僷rek峁�a峁嚹乧aiva t膩bhi岣� sa峁僰atha n膩dapi/
bhidyate brahmacaryan tu svad膩ra峁泃usa峁僩am膩t// 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补,p.94

[10]:

ek膩da艣y膩峁� nir膩h膩ro 产丑奴迟惫腻 tadpareahani/
产丑辞办峁�e'丑补峁� 辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办腻办峁�a 艣补谤补峁嘺峁� me bhav膩cyuta//
Ibid.,p.94

[11]:

^a) Misra, Damodara, 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II, p. 23

[12]:

upav膩se phalaprepsurjah膩dya bhaktacatu峁ａ弓ayam/
Ibid., p. 94