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[Full title: Other 艢腻蝉迟谤补办腻惫测补s (3): 痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻惫补濒墨 of Ilatt奴r 搁腻尘补sv膩mi艣膩stri]

痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻惫补濒墨 is a great composition under this category. The work is composed by 骋辞尘补迟墨d膩sa Ilattur Ramasv膩mi 膩astri who is a well known scholar poet of Kerala. He was born in November 1823 in the western 础驳谤补丑腻谤补峁� of Ilatt奴r in Shenkotta, now in Tamilnadu. His father was 艢补峁卥补谤补苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺 艢腻蝉迟谤颈, also known as 膧峁囜笉i 艢腻蝉迟谤颈ka岣�. They belonged to the 贬腻谤墨迟补驳辞迟谤补. After his studies under Lak峁�min膩r膩ya峁嘺 艢腻蝉迟谤颈, Ramaswami went to the court of the Pantalam 搁腻箩补 for higher studies and in a few years mastered grammar and logic. The poet passed away in 1887 A.D.

Ramasv膩mi艣膩stri was an ardent devotee of Goddess 笔腻谤惫补迟墨, enshrined in Sankaranainar Temple as 骋辞尘补迟墨, his family deity and he qualified himself as 骋辞尘补迟墨d膩sa. He had a large number of disciples. Pre-eminent among them was Kera岣穉varma Valiakoyil Tampur膩n. 膧峁�峁璾k膩l 艢补峁卥补谤补 Pillai, author of Malayalam 顿别惫墨产丑腻驳补惫补迟补峁� and Sundarar膩jakavi were some of the scholars who were disciples of 艢腻蝉迟谤颈.

搁腻尘补sv膩mi艣膩stri was a voluminous writer who has written several works. He wrote on rhetorics, metrics, grammar and works including poetry, drama, stotra, kathakali play, commentaries etc. The three important scientific works of 搁腻尘补sv膩mi艣膩stri are 痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻惫补濒墨, 搁腻尘辞诲补测补 and 碍峁�e迟谤补迟补迟迟惫补诲墨辫颈办腻. Among these, 痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻惫补濒墨 has great importance in the field of Sanskrit metrics.

痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻惫补濒墨 is a monumental and exhaustive treatise on Sanskrit metrics. The illustrations constitute the narration of the story of 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺. The work was completed in 1872 and along with a supplementary work 搁腻尘补蝉迟耻迟颈谤补迟苍补尘 got published in 1878 in old Malayalam script. This is the only work which was brought to light during the author鈥檚 lifetime.

痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻惫补濒墨 begins with four invocatory verses and then the main text starts with;

m膩tr膩naxdy膩峁� yati艣l膩ghya峁� var峁噄na峁� chandasi sthitam |
ga峁嚹伵況itapada峁� vande 辫耻峁噛补艣濒辞办补峁� 惫颈苍腻测补办补峁� ||^[1]

The work is divided into two parts; 笔奴谤惫补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨 and 鲍迟迟补谤补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨 based on its contents. The first part consists of the 痴补谤峁嘺惫峁泃迟补蝉 and the second part describes the 惭腻迟谤腻惫峁泃迟补蝉.

The first fifteen stanzas of the 笔奴谤惫补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨 constitute the general principles of metrics.

The author has shown his indebtedness to 痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 and it can be seen in the fourth stanza of the 笔奴谤惫补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨. i.e,

v峁泃taratn膩karonn墨tairvar峁嘺m膩tr膩 ga峁嚹乼makai岣� |
grathyate ch膩ndasairv峁泃tairv峁泃taratn膩val墨 尘补测腻 ||^[2]

The eighth stanza defines the eight 驳补峁嘺蝉 of metre as鈥�

trigu峁嘺rmmo mukhaloyo ro madhyalasso'ntago'ntala岣� |
to madhyagurjo mukhagurbhastrilono ga峁嚹佱梗峁璦kam ||^[3]

After this, the author states the rules regarding Gurus and Laghus. Then the names of the metres illustrated in the 笔奴谤惫补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨 is mentioned in a verse in an abridged form.

耻办迟腻迟测耻办迟腻 尘补诲丑测腻 ti峁ａ弓h膩 pr膩t suprata艣ca 驳腻测补迟谤墨 |
u峁ａ箛iganu峁ａ弓ubb峁沨at墨 pa峁卥tistri峁ａ弓ubjagatyasau 蝉腻迟颈岣� ||
艣akvaryati艣akvary膩va峁ａ弓yatya峁ａ弓墨 dh峁泃istath膩tidh峁泃i岣� |
k峁泃irapi k峁泃aya岣� pr膩visamabhyut 辫奴谤惫补岣� 办谤补尘腻迟 蝉补峁僯帽腻岣� ||^[4]

From the stanza 16 to 228, the definitions and illustrations of 26 metres starting from 耻办迟腻 to 耻迟办峁泃颈 and its subdivisions are given. Up to 73^rd stanza invocations to various deities are included and thereafter the story of 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺 is briefly narrated. The story of the birth of Subra岣�ma峁噄a is described in brief in the verses 208 to 217. Up to the stanza 278, after the discussion of the 颁丑补苍诲辞惫峁泃迟补蝉, Gadya, 骋腻迟丑腻,顿补峁囜笉补办补, 础谤诲丑补蝉补尘补惫峁泃迟补, and 痴颈峁�a尘补惫峁泃迟补 are being discussed with definitions and illustrations.

In 鲍迟迟补谤补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨, discussions of 30 惭腻迟谤腻惫峁泃迟补蝉, measures of metrics such as 厂补峁僰丑测腻箩帽腻苍补, Pratyaya etc. are included. Up to 32^nd verse the continuation of the story of 搁腻尘补 is dealt along with the discussion of 惭腻迟谤腻惫峁泃迟补蝉. The next 66 stanzas are devoted to present the measurements of the concerned 惫峁泃迟补蝉. As an appendix 13 stanzas are given to explain the 驰补迟颈蝉迟丑腻苍补 of the concerned metres.

The author adopted the calculation method from 尝墨濒腻惫补迟颈 of 叠丑腻蝉办补谤腻肠腻谤测补 and it is mentioned in the 53^rd stanza of 鲍迟迟补谤补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨.

v峁泃tan膩mardhatuly膩n膩峁� vi峁�am膩峁嚹佱箖 mitirbhavet |
补测补峁� 濒墨濒腻惫补迟墨办腻谤补 辫谤辞办迟补岣� 辫补苍迟丑腻 辫谤补诲补谤艣颈迟补岣� ||^[5]

One of the peculiarities of the work is that the illustrated verse includes the name of the concerned metre also.

For example the following verse is an example for the metre 驰补艣辞诲腻, which is a subdivision of the metre 惭补诲丑测腻.

测补艣辞诲腻kum膩ra峁� bhaje 艣r墨sah膩yam |^[6]

In this hemistich, the name of the metre i.e. 测补艣辞诲腻 is also included.

When illustrates the metre 艢腻濒颈苍墨, which is the variety of the metre Tri峁ａ弓ub, the author use the word 艢腻濒颈苍墨.

尘腻迟耻峁� 迟耻峁単补峁� 驳补耻谤补惫补峁� yasya 苍腻濒补峁� sarvaj帽o'pi pr墨tim膩nacyuto'yam |
dev膩n奴ce p奴rvam膩艣膩峁� vitanvan s膩ndrajyotsn膩艣膩lin墨峁� mandah膩sai岣� ||^[7]

Though the name of the concerned metre is uniformly mentioned in each stanza, metres like 膧辫墨岣峚岣�, 鲍辫补蝉迟丑颈迟补辫谤补肠耻辫颈迟补峁� and 碍丑补帽箩腻 are omitted informing that it is impossible to incorporate such terms in the verse.

Another noteworthy characteristic of the work is the incorporation of definitions in the illustrated verses. The first few letters of the verse denote the 骋补峁嘺蝉 or 痴补谤峁嘺蝉 included in the respective metre.

For example 痴补峁兣沘蝉迟丑补 is a subdivision of the metre 闯补驳补迟墨 and the order of 驳补峁嘺 is like ja, ta, ja, ra.

The example for the 痴补峁兣沘蝉迟丑补 metre given by the author is thus:鈥�

箩颈迟腻'jaraughoragasiddhac膩ra峁嘺峁� vidh膩t峁泇a峁兣沘sthakala峁卥ak膩ra峁嘺m |
prapa帽capadm膩karamattav膩ra峁嘺峁� vidh奴tas膩dhv墨kulav峁泃tadh膩ra峁嘺m ||^[8]

Here in this example, the author uses the letters bearing the name of the 骋补峁嘺 included in this metre and also kept its order.

Another example for proving this is:鈥�

ta峁� bh奴jajairgaganac膩ribhirarcyam膩na峁� 艣腻苍迟补峁� prasannah峁沝补测补峁� tapas膩峁� nidh膩nam |
d奴r膩jjav膩dabhiyayau janalocan膩l墨 肠奴迟补峁� vasantatilakam bhramar膩val墨va ||^[9]

The above mentioned verse is an example for the metre Vasantatilaka and the 骋补峁嘺蝉 included in it areta, bha, two ja驳补峁嘺蝉 and two Gurus. So the author uses the letters denoting those骋补峁嘺蝉 in this verse.

The following verse is an example for the 础谤诲丑补蝉补尘补惫峁泃迟补.

蝉耻濒补驳补苍诲丑补谤补峁嚹玸耻迟补测腻 迟补测腻 产丑腻驳耻rusundarakomalag膩try膩 |
raghuv墨rasutassa dadau rathe vyomanibh膩mbhapaderupacitr膩m ||^[10]

In this verse the first and the third lines have same characteristics and there use three Sa驳补峁嘺蝉, one Laghu, and one Guru. This is clear from the word sulagan. And also the second and the fourth lines which are of similar nature include threeBha驳补峁嘺蝉 and two Gurus. The word 产丑腻驳耻 denotes Bha驳补峁嘺 and Guru. These types of metres are called 础谤诲丑补蝉补尘补惫峁泃迟补s.

In 痴颈峁�a尘补惫峁泃迟补, the characteristics of each line differ from one another.

补测辞诲丑测腻尘补惫颈艣补诲谤腻箩腻
sa sad膩rasuto bal墨mah膩bhikhy膩m |
padacatur奴rdhv膩tuly膩峁� samadhikacaturvar峁嚹�
masamapadamanoj帽膩峁� ma峁単alat奴ryagho峁�amukharit膩艣膩m ||^[11]

This verse is an example for the 痴颈峁�a尘补惫峁泃迟补 called 笔补诲补肠补迟耻谤奴谤诲丑惫腻. In this type of metre, the first line comprises eight letters and four letters will increase in each line consecutively.

The section 鲍迟迟补谤补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨 is dedicated to 惭腻迟谤腻惫峁泃迟补蝉. The following verse is an example for the metre 础迟颈谤耻肠颈谤腻, which is 补惭腻迟谤腻惫峁泃迟补.

atha hatakharamukharajanicaratatiravaniduhit峁沨ara da艣a艣iraso
  hananak峁泃amatiranus峁泃akapipatirabhihatasurapatitanayakapi岣� |
丑补苍耻尘补诲耻诲颈迟补箩补苍补办补诲耻丑颈迟峁沢补迟颈谤耻诲补诲丑颈办峁泃补蝉峁泃颈谤颈迟补谤颈辫耻苍补驳补谤辞
  hatada艣amukhamukharipuralabhata janakaduhitaramayamatirucir膩m ||^[12]

Here in each 辫腻诲补, there are 27 Laghus and the last 痴补谤峁嘺 is Guru. This type of metre is called 础迟颈谤耻肠颈谤腻.

Though the 痴补谤峁嘺惫峁泃迟补蝉 and 惭腻迟谤腻惫峁泃迟补蝉 were treated in separate sections, the 惭腻迟谤腻 and 痴补谤峁嘺 of the metre 础苍耻峁ａ弓耻产 are included in the section 笔奴谤惫补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨. Here it is to be noted that the texts like 痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 etc. treat the 痴补谤峁嘺 and 惭腻迟谤腻 varieties of 础苍耻峁ａ弓耻产 in different sections.

The total number of the metres can be derived from each Chandas from 鲍办迟腻 to 鲍迟办峁泃颈 and they are mentioned accordingly. Again the total number of metres of each Chandas is given in eight stanzas of 艢腻谤诲奴濒补惫颈办谤墨岣峣迟补峁� and one stanza of 厂谤补驳诲丑补谤腻 metre at the end of 鲍迟迟补谤补丑腻谤腻惫补濒墨. And the numbers of metres are indicated according to 叠丑奴迟补蝉补峁卥丑测腻 method.

As a follow up to the main content, a 碍丑补峁囜笉补办腻惫测补 entitled 搁腻尘补stutiratna is also included in the work. It contains 162 verses and these verses illustrate 162 different metres starting from 叠峁沨补迟墨 to 鲍迟办峁泃颈. In the first stanza 痴颈驳丑苍别艣惫补谤补 is invoked and the remaining stanzas in each metres are devoted to 艢谤墨谤腻尘补. All these metres are uncommon and not probably in usage, but very pleasing to the ears.

Delighted by going through this work, Dr. A.C. Burnell in his letter to 痴颈艣腻办丑补峁� 罢颈谤耻苍腻岣� 惭补丑腻谤腻箩补 commented as follows:鈥�

Nobody would believe that 痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻惫补濒墨 is the work of a modern poet. The learned author deserves much credit. Indian metrics are desperately hard to foreigners, but this becomes a complete introduction to the difficult subject.

Ullur. S. Paramesvara aiyer opines that 痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻惫补濒墨 is much more helpful to the students of metrics than 痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 and 颁丑补苍诲补蝉蝉奴迟谤补 of 笔颈峁単补濒补.

To sum up, this work is a treasury to the students on Sanskrit metrics. The work illustrates different metres and describes the story of 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺 at the same time. Thus comprises all aspects of a 艢腻蝉迟谤补办腻惫测补. The whole content of the work reflect the sense of scientific precision, poetic skill and perfection of the author. The author has given brief commentary notes in Sanskrit for all verses and it is really helpful to the readers. Another notable part of the work is the exhaustive summary of the 痴峁泃迟补濒补办峁�a峁嘺蝉补峁僰丑测腻-蝉补峁単谤补丑补 in a tabular form. It is a great contribution to the Sanskrit learning in general and the sphere of metrical study in particular. Hence this unique and monumental Keralite work must be preserved for further studies and researches in the realm of Sanskrit metrics.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

痴峁泃迟补谤补迟苍腻惫补濒墨, Ilatt奴r 搁腻尘补sv膩mi艣膩stri,v.I,1

[2]:

ibid,v.I, 4.

[3]:

ibid,v.I,8.

[4]:

Ibid,v.I.14-15.

[5]:

ibid, II, 53.

[6]:

ibid, I,21.

[7]:

ibid, v.I,96.

[8]:

ibid,v. I,112.

[9]:

ibid,v. I.155.

[10]:

ibid, v.I.252.

[11]:

ibid,v.I.266.

[12]:

ibid,v.II,31.