365bet

The backdrop of the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa

by Dhrubajit Sarma | 2015 | 94,519 words

This page relates “Guna (1): Madhurya� as it appears in the case study regarding the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa. The Shrikanthacarita was composed by Mankhaka, sometimes during A.D. 1136-1142. The Mankhakosa or the Anekarthakosa is a kosa text of homonymous words, composed by the same author.

Go directly to: Footnotes.

Joy consisting in the melting of the heart is called ܰⲹ.[1] This means, the speech which bestows happiness to the mind is regarded as sweetness or tenderness i.e. ܰⲹ. Again, Bharata is of the view that the speech which has been heard for many times or uttered many times but, there does not arise any kind of feeling of agitation that is to be remembered as ܰⲹ.[2] 峾Բ opines that separated or independent words are of ܰⲹ quality.[3] ṭa in the same line of 󾱳ٲⲹ岹貹ṇa, states that speech which provides happiness is ܰⲹ.[4] Regarding its employment, վśٳ holds that this ܰⲹ is to be used successively higher in Saṃbhogaśṛṅgāra, ṇa, վśṛṅ and in ŚԳٲ.[5] վśٳ further states that r and � short, and such letters, excepting the cerebrals ṭa, , ḍa, ḍh, as are preceded by the last of the series i.e. the dentals, cause the manifestation of ܰⲹ, as also an absence or a paucity of compounds and a melodious style.[6] The ܰⲹ is used mostly in delineating the sentiment of love, when there is expressed charming feeling attached to the erotic sentiment, it is called ܰⲹ.[7] It is that type of pleasure or happiness which one gets while relishing the love in union and the heart of hearts of the connoisseur, as if, melts and there pervades some non-terrestrial softness and bliss, however it is respectively more pleasurable in ṇa and then in ŚԳٲ.[8]

Ѳṅk󲹰첹 uses ܰⲹṇa in depicting Saṃbhogaśṛṅgāra in his poem. The poet gives descriptions of the amusements of Ś and Ҳܰī, wherein, the quality ܰⲹ is noticed.

In the canto VII, Ś addresses Ҳܰī, with his erotic speech to observe the beauty of the mountain . He invites[9] Her to enjoy the gait of the dancing, joyous bees at the advent of the spring. He also urges Her to behold the spotted deer etc., which has made the forest variegated. Thus, some of the verses which are characterized by the ṇa known as ܰⲹ, while depicting Saṃbhogaśṛṅgāra, found in the poem are viz. ⲹᲹ[10]....., mukhamarudiva[11]�.. etc. Ѳṅk󲹰첹 uses ܰⲹ, also in case of parting of lovers in canto XXI.

There is a verse, where the poet says that the soldiers are departing to the battle field; as they are parting from their beloveds, they have kept patience just because of their getting embrace and nectar of the lips of their beloveds.[12] Consequently, they are moving forward with delight, taking that embrace and kiss, as to be their cherished treasure. ܰⲹ is seen in the pathetic scene of the poem also.

In canto XVII, Ś noticed the pale as well as faded faces of the gods and understands their plight and sorrow. At the oppression of the demons, the gods lose their patience, their faces take the form of morning moon i.e. become glowless and their very facial expressions indicate their despondency, as noticed by Lord Ś.[13] Besides, Ѳṅk󲹰첹 employs ܰⲹṇa in the appreciative sentences of the gods to Lord Ś i.e. in case of quietistic sentiment also, this quality is found.

As for example, the gods expressed their feeling of self-disparagement before the Lord, in some verses in the canto XVII. Therein a verse, gods extol Ś, saying that by nature, the water of the Ganges is pure, likewise, as the holy water of Ganges divides into three streams, the Supreme Reality or Pure Ś divides itself into , Hari and Hara.[14]

Footnotes and references:

[back to top]

[1]:

cittadravībhāvamayo hlādo mādhuryamucyate/
󾱳ٲⲹ岹貹ṇa., VIII

[2]:

bahuśo yat śruta� vākyamuktan vāpi puna� puna�/
nodvejati yasmadhvi tanmādhuryamiti smṛta�// Nāṭyaśāstra., XVII. 100

[3]:

pṛthakpadatva� mādhuya�/ Kāvyālaṃkārasūtravṛtti., III. 1. 20

[4]:

tatra mādhuryamāhlādakatva� /
Kāvyālaṃkārasārasaṃgraha, VI, page 81

[5]:

saṃbhoge karuṇe vipratambhe śānte’dhika� kramāt/
󾱳ٲⲹ岹貹ṇa., VIII. 2

[6]:

mūrdhni vargāntyavarṇena yuktāṣṭaṻḍḍhānvinā/
raṇau laghū ca tadvyaktau varṇāḥ kāraṇtā� gatā�/
avṛttiralpavṛttirvā madhurā racanā tathā// Ibid., VIII. 3, 4

[7]:

madhura� raṣavadvāci vastunyapi rasasthiti�/
yena mādyanti dhīmanto madhuneva madhurvratā� //
Kāvyādarśa., I. 51

[8]:

āhlādakatva� mādhuryya� śṛṅgāre drutikāraṇa�/
karuṇe vipralambhe tacchānte cātiśayānvita�//
Kāvyaprakāśa., VIII. 68

[9]:

surabhimanugṛhāṇa devi nṛtyanmadhukaraketakabandhubhi� kaṭākṣai�/
bhavatu śabalamantika� vanānā� viharadanaṅgavilāsakṛṣṇasārai�//
Śrīkaṇṻcarita., VII. 10

[10]:

ⲹᲹ hṛtāvakāśa� tanuṣu cakoradṛśāmasūyayeva/
stabakakapaṭato’dya dhīramāste viracitapāśamaśokamañjarīṣu// Ibid., VII. 16

[11]:

Ibid., VII. 22

[12]:

cacāla kaścitparitoṣavihvalai� padai� pravīro dhṛtadhairyavipruṣa�/
svavallabhāyā nibiḍhāvagūhanāmavāpya pātheyamivādharāmṛta�//
Ibid., XXI. 22

[13]:

prāptānā� mama savidha� vidhūtadhairyā caryāsau vipulamupaplava� vyanakti/
viśliṣyannijamahasā� mukhāni yadva� prātastya� rajanipati� viḍambayanti//
Ibid., XVII. 35

[14]:

nanveva� kimapi vinirmala� prakṛtyā tvadrūpa� surasaridambuvatpunīte/
srotobhistribhiratha kāraṇātmabhistadviśvātmankṛtakamapi vyanakti bheda�//
Ibid., XVII. 19

Let's grow together!

I humbly request your help to keep doing what I do best: provide the world with unbiased sources, definitions and images. Your donation direclty influences the quality and quantity of knowledge, wisdom and spiritual insight the world is exposed to.

Let's make the world a better place together!

Like what you read? Help to become even better: