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Some Important Shiksha Vedangas (study)

by Mala Laha | 2021 | 31,647 words

This page relates ‘Classification of speech sound according to the internal efforts� of the study dealing with Shiksha Vedangas—a crucial component of Vedic literature focusing on phonetics and pronunciation in ancient texts. The researched texts include the Paniniya, Yajnavalkya and Naradi Shiksas, among others. The study also investigates historical phonological transformations between Sanskrit and Pali, exploring the evolution of sounds and pronunciation.

Part 4 - Classification of speech sound according to the internal efforts

According to the ṇḍܰī Śṣ� there are four types of internal efforts for the pronunciation of speech sound

वर्णानां तु प्रयोगेष� करणं स्याच्चतुर्विधम्�
संवृतं विवृतं चै� स्पृष्टमस्पृष्टमेव च॥

varṇānā� tu prayogeṣu karaṇa� syāccaturvidham|
ṃvṛt� ṛt� caiva ṛṣṭamaṛṣṭameva ca||

(ṇḍܰī Śṣ�, 69)

स्पर्शानां करणं स्पृष्टमन्तस्थानामतोऽन्यथा�
यमानां स्वरित� प्राहुर्विवृतं � विरोष्मणाम्॥

sparśānā� karaṇa� ṛṣṭamԳٲٳnāmato'nyathā|
yamānā� svarita� prāhurṛt� ca viroṣmaṇām|| 

(ṇḍܰī Śṣ�,70)

This classification of internal efforts can be represented by the help of a table 21.

Table: 21 -Internal Efforts of Speech Sound according to ṇḍܰī Śṣ�

Speech Sound Internal Efforts
貹śṇ� ṛṣṭa
Գٲٳ aṛṣṭa
ⲹṇ� ṃvṛt
ṣmṇ� ṛt
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