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1.1.0 Spiritual Texts

Spiritual texts are of two types鈥攖he learned philosophical treatises (艣腻蝉迟谤补蝉) that appeal to the intelligence with the nuances and subtleties of logic etc. which explain the experience of divine. And the fervent devotional hymns (stotras) that explain through mystic teaching and spiritual vision, the Omniscience, Omnipresence and Omnipotence of Supreme Being, available to the spiritual aspirant in search of the ultimate truth. There is no watertight distinction between these since both categories convey the devout experience and are authentic expression of devotion. 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 combines the features of both the 艣补蝉迟谤补 and stotra.

1.2.0 搁腻尘补鈥檚 conversation with 艢颈惫补

In 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻, the conversation is between 艢r墨 搁腻尘补 and Lord 艢颈惫补. After the abduction of 厂墨迟腻, 搁腻尘补 is depressed and is in anger. At this point Sage Agastya appears in front of 搁腻尘补 to teach 惫补颈谤腻驳测补 and upon 搁腻尘补鈥檚 insistence to get 厂墨迟腻 recovered first, teaches him 艢颈惫补sahasra 苍腻尘补 and advises him to propitiate Lord 艢颈惫补 who will bestow him 笔腻艣耻辫补迟补 arrow to enable him conquer 搁腻惫补峁嘺. After bestowing 笔腻艣耻辫补迟补, Lord 艢颈惫补 imparts spiritual teaching in order to elevate 搁腻尘补 to higher realms and transmits the knowledge of the Self to 搁腻尘补 to get over anger and agony and obtain lasting peace, thereby facilitating all the spiritual aspirants to derive the benefit of the spiritual knowledge unlike the Bhagavad 骋墨迟腻 which preaches the spiritual knowledge to get over sorrow and delusion.

1.3.0 Comparison of 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 with Bhagavad 骋墨迟腻

There are striking parallels in 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 and Bhagavad 骋墨迟腻 in quite a few places 础产丑颈箩帽腻苍补 艢腻办耻苍迟补濒补 if resounding echoes. Six verses (provided in appendix) are verbatim reproductions while 32 verses are very much similar in form, import and content. There is no cause of wonder because both these 骋墨迟腻 texts have emanated from the pen of great 叠腻诲补谤腻测补峁嘺, Veda Vy膩sa.

1.4.0 Origin of 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻

The 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 forms part of Uttara-办丑补峁囜笉补 of 笔补诲尘补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺. Parama 艢颈惫别苍诲谤补 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 says in his commentary on 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 [1-36] that it belongs to the Padma-辫耻谤腻峁嘺:

鈥渁sminneva padmapur膩峁噀 vedas膩r膩kya峁� iti 苍腻尘补vi艣i峁ａ弓a峁� 艣iva苍腻尘补sahasraka峁� 鈥�苍补尘补岣� par膩ya ity膩dikam鈥欌��.^[1]

Main thrust of this work is on the philosophy of Advaita that follows the 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲蝉 and the 叠谤补丑尘补-蝉奴迟谤补 础产丑颈箩帽腻苍补 艢腻办耻苍迟补濒补 its source of authority.

1.5.0 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻鈥攖he ancient

艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 gives essence of major 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲蝉 in general and 艢补颈惫辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲蝉 in particular. A list of 64 驳墨迟腻蝉 is given in appendix and 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 is one of the prominent of the same. This could be the fore runner of Bhagavad 骋墨迟腻 础产丑颈箩帽腻苍补 艢腻办耻苍迟补濒补 this conversation between Lord 艢颈惫补 and 艢r墨 搁腻尘补 took place in Tret膩 yuga (鈥�谤腻尘补峁� nimitt墨k峁泃ya lok膩nugrah膩rtha峁� 补测补峁� g墨topade艣a岣�, na 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲 谤腻尘补峁� prati鈥�)^[2] where 础产丑颈箩帽腻苍补 艢腻办耻苍迟补濒补 the Bhagavad 骋墨迟腻 conversation in the 碍耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补 war field took place in subsequent 顿惫腻辫补谤补 yuga. The authenticity of one Primary God鈥檚 (Lord 艢颈惫补) advice to another Primary God鈥檚 (痴颈峁ａ箛耻) incarnation, has been suitably modified by the recipient Primary God鈥檚 another incarnation to suit mankind and delivered to a human hero Arjuna in the form of a dialogue set in battlefield. In Bhagavad 骋墨迟腻 , Arjuna is 鈥�苍颈尘颈迟迟补尘腻迟谤补尘鈥�^[3]. Thus it is observed that the seed of Bhagavad 骋墨迟腻 has been sown in 艢颈惫补-g墨t膩.

1.6.0 Available works on 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻

There is a gloss on 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 titled 艢颈惫补g墨t膩t膩tparyaprak膩艣ik膩 by His Holiness Jagadguru Parama 艢颈惫别苍诲谤补 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨.^[4] Yet another work 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 Bh膩峁�yam was authored by 艢r墨 艢峁涐箙gagiri Jagadguru 艢rimad Abhinava 狈峁泂颈峁僪补 叠丑腻谤补迟颈 厂惫腻尘颈.^[5] The third work is in Grantha character with translation of Sanskrit verses in Tamil.^[6] There is another one publication of 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 by the Nimaya Sagar Press, Bombay.^[7] There is a 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 with Hindi translation of verses.^[8] There is a recent work with Tamil translation with meanings written by 膧nandan膩ciy膩ramma.^[9] Another translation of 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 in English is by Prof P.K.Sundaram.^[10] It is learnt that there is a translation of 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 into Italian language by Mario Vallauri.^[11]

1.7.0 艢颈惫补 same 础产丑颈箩帽腻苍补 艢腻办耻苍迟补濒补 痴颈峁ａ箛耻

It has to be well kept in mind that 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 is not sectarian. One, who thinks 艢颈惫补 and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 are different, is mistaken. Even 叠谤补丑尘腻 or Hira峁噛a Garbha is not different from 艢颈惫补 and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻.

1.7.1 We have in Brahman膩rad墨ya 辫耻谤腻峁嘺:鈥�^[12]

an膩dinidhane deve hari 艣a峁僰arasa峁僯帽ite |
aj帽膩na s膩gare magn膩 bheda峁� kurvanti p膩pina岣� ||

鈥淏etween the primordial Gods Hari and 艢补峁卥补谤补, only the ignoramus introduces differences, on account of their sins.鈥�

1.7.2. Lord 艢颈惫补 says In HV^[13]

aha峁� tva峁� sarvago deva岣� tvamev膩ha峁� jan膩rdana |
膩vayorantara峁� n膩sti 艣abdairarther jagatpate ||

鈥淭here is absolutely no difference either in words or meaning between us and I am you and you are me, 闯补苍腻谤诲补苍补.鈥�

1.7.3 峁歜丑耻, an 补惫补迟腻谤补 of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 says^[14]

ahameva hariss膩k峁Ｄ乼 ahameva sad膩艣iva岣� |
艣uddha caitanya bh膩vo'ha峁� 艣uddha satv膩nubh膩vana岣� ||

鈥淚 am the real Hari and I am also Sad膩 艢颈惫补. We are of the nature of pure existence and consciousness.鈥�

1.7.4 Lord 艢颈惫补 says in 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 itself^[15]

yo m膩峁� guru峁� p膩艣upatavrata峁� dve峁ａ弓i nar膩dhipa |
ni峁�pu峁� v膩 sa na mucyeta janmako峁璱艣atairapi ||

鈥淥, Ruler of Mankind, One who hates Me or the Preceptor or 笔腻艣耻辫补迟补 penance or 痴颈峁ａ箛耻, will not get released even in millions of births.鈥�

The idea focussed in 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 naturally inculcates in the mind the themes quoted above.

1.8.0 Emphasis on 艢颈惫补

艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 provides a synthesis between 艢补颈惫补 and 痴补颈峁ａ箛补惫补 traditions. Although 艢颈惫补-g墨t膩 glorifies Lord 艢颈惫补, it simultaneously advocates tolerance between 艢颈惫补 and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 (which is the need of the hour).

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Vide. 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 with English commentary by Prof. P.K.Sundaram鈥擨ntroduction p-verse

[2]:

In the same place . Introduction p-xiii

[3]:

Bhagavad 骋墨迟腻 -Chapter XI verse -33.

[4]:

Printed in 1906 by The Vani Vilas Press, Srirangam and the author was the 57^th Pontiff of the K膩mako峁璱 P墨峁環am from 1539-1586.

[5]:

Published by 艢峁涐箙驳别谤颈 艢补谤补诲腻 P墨峁環am in 1962 and the author was the 24^th Pontiff from 1599-1622.

[6]:

Authored by 艢r墨 Muthukumaraswamy Gurukkal from Jaffna, Sri Lanka.

[7]:

This book is published in 1909 vide prof. P.K.Sundaram鈥檚 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻-introduction p-iv

[8]:

Published by Ga峁単膩vi峁ａ箛u 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺das, Kalyan, Bombay鈥攁uthored by Pandit 闯惫腻濒补辫谤补蝉腻诲 Misra-1994

[9]:

Published by 艢r墨 Indu Publications, T.Nagar, Chennai in 2004.

[10]:

Published by The Centurian Trust, Chennai in 1997 following the commentary called 叠腻濒补-nandini by Hari Pandita.

[11]:

Vide 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 -English commentary (Centurian Trust) Introduction p-verse .

[12]:

In the same place , introduction P-xiii.

[13]:

HV-the final part of 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 -补诲丑测腻测补 67 verse -55

[14]:

Vide 7^th chapter 64 the verse in Tejobindu 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲 .

[15]:

Vide 骋墨迟腻dhik膩ri Nir奴pa峁嘺m-XVI^th chapter of 艢颈惫补 骋墨迟腻 -verse 6.