365bet娱乐

The 惫颈箩颈驳墨峁�u king is able to captivate those states through the implimentation of 蝉腻尘补, 诲腻苍补, bheda and 诲补峁囜笉补. This four processes are very useful in his own and other states鈥� situations.

In this regard four important tricks have been described in the 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补 of 碍补耻峁璱濒测补. These are 蝉腻尘补, 诲腻苍补, bheda and 诲补峁囜笉补.

鈥淸...闭鈥� (1.14.12)^[1]

(痴颈箩颈驳墨峁�u) 鈥淗e should win over the seducible in the enemy鈥檚 territories by means of conciliation and gifts and those not seducible by means of dissension and force, pointing out (to them) the defects of the enemy鈥�.^[2]

In this respect Manu says in his 厂补峁僪颈迟腻鈥�:

[...] (7.107)^[3]

鈥淲hen he is thus engaged in conquest, let him subdue all the opponents he may find, by the four expedients, conciliation (蝉腻尘补) and the rest.鈥�^[4]

Commentator 碍耻濒濒奴办补产丑补峁�峁�补 蝉补测蝉鈥攊n the commentary of the above verse鈥�

鈥渆vamukkaprak膩re峁嘺 vijayaprav峁泃tasya n峁沺ate岣� ye vijayavirodhino bhaveyust膩n sarv膩n 蝉腻尘补诲腻苍补bheda诲补峁囜笉补irup膩yai岣� va艣am膩nayet |鈥�

In this context commentator 惭别诲丑腻迟颈迟丑颈 蝉补测蝉鈥�

鈥淸...闭鈥�

Manu also 蝉补测蝉鈥�

鈥淸...闭鈥� (7.109)^[5]

鈥淎mong the four expedients, conciliation and the rest, the learned always recommend conciliation and the employment of force for the prosperity of kingdoms.鈥�^[6]

Commentator 碍耻濒濒奴办补 said in this respect鈥�

鈥淸...闭鈥�

And 惭别诲丑腻迟颈迟丑颈 also 蝉补测蝉鈥�

鈥淸...闭鈥�

But the king through not single procedure but gradually, he faced aquints his enemies through four procedures.

厂腻尘补鈥�

The 惫颈箩颈驳墨峁�u king for his personal and political self, implies sweet speeches consolation and praise etc. to remove the agitation of his enemy. This implementation is called as 蝉腻尘补.

顿腻苍补鈥�

The second is 诲腻苍补. If the principle 蝉腻尘补 is failed to solve the problem, he implements distribution of money or honour to the agitated enemies. It is called 诲腻苍补.

Bheda鈥�

In case of failure of 诲腻苍补, the king implements the rules of devidation to separate one group from another. They become weak for this hypocrassy and become captivated.

In this connection Manu said鈥�

鈥渟膩mn膩 d膩nena bhedena 蝉补尘补蝉迟补颈谤补迟丑补惫腻 辫峁泃丑补办 |
vijetu峁� prayatet膩r墨n na yuddhena kad膩cana ||鈥� 7.198 ||^[7]

鈥淗e should, however, try to conquer his foes by conciliation, by well-applied gifts, and by creating dissension, used either separately or conjointly, never by fighting (if it can be avoided)鈥�.^[8]

顿补峁囜笉补鈥�

In case of failure of the principle of bheda, the ultimate implementation of the principle of 诲补峁囜笉补 comes to a success. It must be earned for the lack of intellectuality. In failure of bheda principle 诲补峁囜笉补. is important. So, king then welcomes the victory of 诲补峁囜笉补 principle.

To rule a state the principles 蝉腻尘补 and 诲补峁囜笉补 are highly praised. If first three principles are unable to control the enemy, the trick implementation of 诲补峁囜笉补 must welcomes the success as according to 惭补苍耻蝉补峁僪颈迟腻.

The great poet 惭腻驳丑补 has a great wisdom about these four processes. According to him, principle for the inevitable rules to rule a state, a king should be acknowledged about his own and other states. Then he will be able to implement these four processes properly. Then he is able to restrain his own enemies and others easily. Thus the King is able to spread his reputation in his kingdom.

The object of the Kings spies are to required gather information living at the enemies state. As they are appointed by their own 惫颈箩颈驳墨峁�u king, they get the salary from him, as well as from enemy king being his employee. This type of spy would be ambisalaried. They are appointed according to their need to the high post of the enemy king. They would collect secret written documents achieving the belief of the ministers and in the write time they use those evidences against them and expose themselves traitors of those minister. Thus the enemy king would be weak and annoyed. The ambisalaried should conceal their identity in such a way so that nobody could recognise them.

The great poet 惭腻驳丑补 was properly aware of the use of 蝉腻尘补, 诲腻苍补, bheda and 诲补峁囜笉补 梅and the activities of ambisalaried spy in the field of politics and he had deep knowledge in it can be evidently understood in a 艣濒辞办补 of canto two of his 碍腻惫测补.

Here we come to know that he is well versed about the nature of ambisalaried.

鈥渁j帽膩tado峁�airdo峁�aj帽aif峁卥峁�add奴峁�yobhayavetanai岣� |
bhedy膩岣� 艣atrobhivyakka艣膩sanai岣� 蝉腻尘补v膩yik膩岣� ||鈥� 2.113 ||^[9]

鈥淭he ministers of the enemy are to be alienated by those whose character is not known to the enemy, who are cognisant of the weak points of the enemy, who take salary both from his own master and from the enemy after denouncing them publicly鈥�.^[10]

Acquiring trust of the ministers of the enemy King and collecting the confidential evidence the spy should apply against to them timely and proves as unfaithful publicly.

In this way he separates between the servants and ministers of the enemy King.

鈥淵ou shall have to engage spies through out the length and breadth of your enemy鈥檚 country. They in disguise will take various offices in his state and create confidence in the highest officials. The opportune moment appearing before them they will denounce those officials publicly after producing evidence. Thereby they will weaken the cause of the enemy.^[11]

鈥淸...闭鈥� || 2.99 ||^[12]

鈥淓ven slight sowing of dissension effected by him will instantly fire them up already bearing grudge towards you as a very slight wind quickly burns up the smouldering fuel.

碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补, Rukmi and others are already against you and the slightest amount of instigation made by 艣i艣upala will fire up the spirits of these hostile demons against you (who will readily pounce upon you) as the slightest breeze very easily blazes up a help of smouldering fuel.鈥�^[13]

In this context we can found in the fifth act of play 惭耻诲谤腻谤腻办峁�a蝉补 by Vi艣akhadatta where we can see in the part of conversation among Bh膩gur膩yana, Malayaketu, and R膩k峁�sa, where there has been created bheda between the king of Parvata鈥檚 son and his minister Bh膩gurayana. It is that Bh膩gur膩yana who is ambisalaried the minister of Malayaketu.

But actually there has been discussed about the ambisalaried鈥檚 nature of the spy of c膩nakya in chapter XI and XII of part one of 碍补耻峁璱濒测补鈥檚 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补.

Footnotes and references:

[back to top]

[1]:

R. P. Kangle: The Kau峁璱l墨ya 础谤迟丑补艣腻蝉迟谤补, part-I, p.18.

[2]:

ibid., Part-II, p. 32.

[3]:

Manabendu Bandyopadhaya: Op.cit., p. 681.

[4]:

Ashokanath Shastri: Op cit., p. 125.

[5]:

Manabendu Bandyopahaya: Op. cit., p. 681.

[6]:

Ashokanath Sahstri: Op. cit., p. 126.

[7]:

Manabendu Bandyopadhaya: Op. cit., p. 723.

[8]:

Ashokenath shastri: Op. cit., p. 193.

[9]:

Haridas siddhantavagisha: Op. cit., p. 100.

[10]:

Sitanath Kavyaratna & Madhab Dass Sankhya tirtha: Op. cit., p.339.

[11]:

loc.cit.

[12]:

Haridas Siddhantavagisha: Op. cit., p.94.

[13]:

Sitanath Kavyaratna & Madhab Dass sankhyatirtha: Op. cit., pp. 289-290.