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痴测腻蝉补 is a central figure and is regarded respectfully figure in most Hindu traditions. He is also called 痴别诲补惫测腻蝉补 or 碍峁涐梗峁嘺诲惫补颈辫腻测补苍补. He is the author as well as a character in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 and considered to be the scribe of both the Vedas, and supplementary texts such as the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. 痴测腻蝉补 is the avatar of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻. This statement is regarded in the 痴补颈峁ａ箛补惫补 tradition. Guru 辫奴谤峁噄尘腻, the festival is dedicated to him and also known as 痴测腻蝉补 辫奴谤峁噄尘腻, which is believed to be his birth day, also the day he divided the Vedas. 痴测腻蝉补 is the ocean of knowledge that has illuminated the world through his divine literary accomplishments. He is the origin and the source all the Hindu scriptures. 痴测腻蝉补 divided and arranged the single sacred and inviolable Veda in to four Vedas. He authored the 叠谤补丑尘补蝉奴迟谤补蝉 and eighteen 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. He is the author of the great epic 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, which contains 叠丑补驳补惫补诲驳墨迟腻, the crown jewel. Of Hindu scriptures he also wrote the most chanted 痴颈峁ａ箛耻sahasran膩ma.

The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is the longest Sanskrit epic. The great epic of 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 portrays the foundations of all Indian culture and civilization. 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 justifies its name on 鈥�尘补丑补迟补迟惫腻迟 bh膩ravattv膩cca mah膩产丑腻谤补迟补mucyate鈥� on account of its large extent, 尘补丑补迟补迟惫腻迟 and its depth, 产丑腻谤补惫补迟迟惫腻迟, the work is given the name 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补.

The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 itself describes its own all surrounding nature in the following words

yadih膩stitadanyatrayanneh膩sti na tatkvacit
jayon膩metih膩so'ya峁兣況otavyobh奴timicchat膩 |^[1]

In the matter of four Puru峁Ｄ乺tthas Dharma, Artha, 办腻尘补 and 惭辞办峁�a whatever that is here in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is available elsewhere also, and whatever that is not here in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is available nowhere. The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is a curious mixture of history and mythology.^[2] 惭补丑腻 means great and 产丑腻谤补迟补 means the descendants of Bharata. Thus the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 means the story of the great descendants of Bharata. The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is called the fifth Veda viz., the k膩r峁ａ箛a Veda.^[3] The epic is treated as an 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲 and four Vedas as said 鈥�ida峁� mahopani峁�ada峁� caturvedasamanvitam鈥� The present form consists of over 1,00,000 艢lokas in 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 The epic informs that 痴测腻蝉补, after composing it had taught it to his five pupils namely Sumantu, Jaimini, Paila, 艢耻办补 and 痴补颈艣补尘辫腻测补苍补.^[4] The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 contains the tradition that those five pupils composed five different versions of the original work by their preceptor.^[5]

The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 has passed through three stages. The first stage is called Jaya and contains 8,800 艢lokas. The epic relates to the victory of the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 over the Kauravas and it was turned in to a narrative poem recited by wandering singers. It was also called an 滨迟颈丑腻蝉补.^[6] The second stage is called Bharata. It contains 24,000 艢lokas, it was narrated by 痴补颈艣补尘辫腻测补苍补, one of the three disciples of sage 痴测腻蝉补 besides Sumantu and Paila at the time of performance of the serpent sacrifices of Janamejaya, the grandson of Abhimanyu. As Janamejaya sought clarification at various places, his question was fully satisfied by 痴补颈艣补尘辫腻测补苍补. The third and final stage was described by Sauti to 艢补耻苍补办补, when the latter performed a sacrifice which lasted for twelve years. Jaya was divided into one hundred sections, whereas 艢补耻苍补办补 divided the whole epic in eighteen cantos.

Importance of the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补.

The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is regarded as the greatest epic. The famous Indian epic 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is a treasure in Indian epic literature. The epic is period between 400 B.C and 400 A.D. 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 has been considered as the fifth Veda 鈥�产丑腻谤补迟补pa帽camo 惫别诲补岣�鈥�. The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 talks about the importance of following one鈥檚 assigned duties in life. It talks of deceit, lies and other vices and yet tells how the good always over power the evil.

The epic appropriately glorifies itself describing its gigantic scope when it says:

dharme c膩rthe ca k膩me ca mok峁�e ca bharatar峁�abha |
yadih膩sti tadanyatra yanneh膩sti na tatkvacit ||

The longest Sanskrit epic ever written 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 has a collection of more than 100000 verses. 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is divided in to eighteen major sections known as parvans. Each parvan is sub divided into chapters made up of verses or 艣loka form. Thus the order of following is parvan, adhy膩yas and 艣lokas. The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 dwells on the aspect of the important goals of a human being in his mortal life.

There are eighteen parvas in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 They are 膧诲颈辫补谤惫补, 厂补产丑腻辫补谤惫补, Vanaparva, 痴颈谤腻峁璦辫补谤惫补, Udyogaparva, 叠丑墨峁�m补辫补谤惫补, 顿谤辞峁嘺辫补谤惫补, 碍补谤峁嘺辫补谤惫补, 艢补濒测补辫补谤惫补, Sauptikaparva, 厂迟谤墨辫补谤惫补, 艢腻苍迟颈辫补谤惫补, 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补辫补谤惫补, 础艣惫补尘别诲丑颈办补辫补谤惫补, 膧艣谤补尘补惫腻蝉颈办补-辫补谤惫补, Mausalaparva, 惭补丑腻prasth膩nikaparva and 厂惫补谤驳腻谤辞丑补峁嘺-辫补谤惫补. Each Parva is divided in to several sub Parvas. First 膧诲颈辫补谤惫补 has eighteen sub parvas. Second 厂补产丑腻辫补谤惫补 has nine sub parvas. Third Vanaparvas has twenty two sub parvas. Fourth 痴颈谤腻峁璦辫补谤惫补 has five sub parvas. Fifth Udyogaparva has eleven sub parvas. 叠丑墨峁�m补辫补谤惫补 of sixth parva has five sub parvan. The seventh 顿谤辞峁嘺辫补谤惫补 has eight sub parvas. The eight 碍补谤峁嘺辫补谤惫补, ninth 艢补濒测补辫补谤惫补 has four sub parvans. Sauptikaparva has two sub parva. The 厂迟谤墨辫补谤惫补 has three sub parvas. The 艢腻苍迟颈辫补谤惫补 has six sub sections. The 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补辫补谤惫补 has two sub sections. 础艣惫补尘别诲丑补辫补谤惫补 has two sub parva. 膧艣谤补尘补惫腻蝉颈办补辫补谤惫补 has three sub parvas. The sixteenth parva is Mausalaparva. The seventeenth parva is 惭补丑腻prasth膩nikaparva. The last parva of 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is 厂惫补谤驳腻谤辞丑补峁嘺笔补谤惫补.

膧诲颈辫补谤惫补

The beginning of the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is with 膧diParva. 膧di meaning beginning or first. Its first 225 chapters present the cycle of myths leading up to king Janamejaya鈥檚 snake sacrifice spoken by 痴补颈艣补尘辫腻测补苍补. He is the disciple of 痴测腻蝉补. It tells the origin of the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补 brothers and their cousins the Kauravas. The marriage of the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 to Draupadi and of the roots of the fight between them. The central themes of the conflict are described.

厂补产丑腻辫补谤惫补

This Parva has 72 chapters. It describes how the kingdom was divided between the two branches of the family and how the great 搁腻箩补蝉奴测补 sacrifice was performed by 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 and the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉, how Draupadi is insulted and how 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 are exiled to the forest.

Vanaparva

The Vanaparva has 229 chapters. It describes numerous adventures that happened during the exile of 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 in the forest. A number of remarkable meaningful interludes in which various teachers give religious and philosophical instructions to the main characters.

痴颈谤腻峁璦辫补谤惫补

Sixty seven chapters make the 痴颈谤腻峁璦辫补谤惫补. This Parva describes how the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 pass their last year of exile living in disguise at the court of king 痴颈谤腻峁璦. Here the drama is not punctuated by didactic passages as in the Vanaparva.

Udyogaparva

There are 197 chapters. It says the preparations for war with a lengthy formal discussion in both camps over what course of action is virtuous and how success is gained in life. Lord 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 begins to play a prominent role as the controller of events.

叠丑墨峁�m补辫补谤惫补

It has 117 chapters. It explains the initial drawing up of the armies at 碍耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补 and contains the 叠丑补驳补惫补诲驳墨迟腻 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 convinces Arjuna of the right to wage far.

顿谤辞峁嘺辫补谤惫补

It has 173 chapters. This is the major part of the 碍耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补 war. Most part of this parva continues with the description of the battle. 顿谤辞峁嘺 is the commander in the battle. In this 顿谤辞峁嘺辫补谤惫补 the narration is based on most of the great warriors who served the Kauravas and the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 respectively, in the battle. 顿谤辞峁嘺 is killed by 顿丑峁涐梗峁璦诲测耻尘苍补.

碍补谤峁嘺辫补谤惫补

It has 69 chapters. 碍补谤峁嘺鈥檚 and Arjuna鈥檚 conflict is explained this Parva.

艢补濒测补辫补谤惫补

64 Chapters constitutes this Parva. It describes the final stages of the battle in which 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 kills his uncle 艢补濒测补 and 叠丑墨尘补 puts an end to Duryodhana in a single fight.

Sauptikaparva

It had eighteen chapters. This Parva explains the massacre in the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补 camp by three survivors from the Kaurava host.

厂迟谤墨辫补谤惫补

The eleventh Parva of 厂迟谤墨辫补谤惫补 has 27 chapters. It describes the bewailing of women whose husbands and sons have fallen in the battle field and the attempts of the survivors to understand philosophically the great disaster that has taken place.

艢腻苍迟颈辫补谤惫补

It has 365 chapters. It is comprised of numerous treatises covering a range of religious and philosophical views. The 艢腻苍迟颈辫补谤惫补 is a huge interpolation in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, in the genre known as wisdom literature. The narrative progression is placed on hold almost from the first page. It depicts the victorious 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 leaving kingdom he has won, to take up the life of a hermit. A formal discussion on the king鈥檚 proper duty is stated, 叠丑墨峁�m补 gives more detailed instructions on this subject. This section is known as 搁腻箩补诲丑补谤尘补. The 惭辞办峁�adharma too is stated by 叠丑墨峁�m补. The 厂腻峁僰丑测补 and yoga is the base of the ideas on the subject of salvation.

础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补辫补谤惫补

This Parva includes 154 chapters. It is set on the death bed of 叠丑墨峁�m补. Teachings of devotion are instructed by 叠丑墨峁�m补 to 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补. This is the form of 顿丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补. The ritual act in the afterlife brings reward.

础艣惫补尘别诲丑颈办补辫补谤惫补

96 chapters make this Parva. The first is a long trust in section of 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲ic material, known as Anug墨ta. The three chapters are known as 16, 17, 18 Anug墨ta. Arjuna asks 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 to repeat his battlefield discourse and what follows is a somewhat disjointed metaphysical treatise which was probably composed at a much later date than the main narrative. Finally there is the story of the great horse sacrifice of 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补, which resumes the main narratives of the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补

膧艣谤补尘补惫腻蝉颈办补辫补谤惫补

This Parva has 47 chapters. This explains the exit chapters of the final meeting when the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 go to visit the elders of the family who have now forsaken the world and are practicing religious austerities in the forest.

Mausalaparva

This has 9 chapters. Mausalaparva denotes the incidents related to the death of k峁涐梗峁嘺. This Parva starts with the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 weeping for 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 and his men. 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 sends Arjuna to 顿惫腻谤补办补 in order to enquire about the wellbeing of the rest of the survivors of the 驰腻诲补惫补 tribe. Arjuna brings the news that the 驰腻诲补惫补s quarrel and the mourning of the 驰腻诲补惫补 ladies over their dead husbands and the subsequent submersion of 顿惫腻谤补办补 in sea.

惭补丑腻prasth膩nikaparva

Three chapters are in it.This Parva describes the death of the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 and of Draupadi after they have given up their kingdom and journeyed to the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉. On their way Draupadi and other 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补 brothers die midway except 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补. 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 was the only person to reach heaven with the mortal body directly.

厂惫补谤驳腻谤辞丑补峁嘺辫补谤惫补

There are five chapters in it. 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 moved by kindness towards the dog that accompanied him, refused to ascend it without his companion. Observing the illustrious 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补鈥檚 steady adherence to virtue, Dharma abandoning his canine form showed himself to the king. Then 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补, ascending to heaven felt much pain. The major characters dwell amongst the gods in heaven.

The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 is more than simply a story of kings and princes, sages and wise men, demons and Gods. The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 includes aspects of Hinduism, stories of the Gods and Goddesses and explanations of Hindu Philosophy. The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 contains virtually all the lore and legend of the classical Hindu tradition, which is also in typical Hindu defiance of simple minded historicity very much a living tradition. The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 has a strong foot hold on 厂腻峁僰丑测补 Philosophy. It can be seen that 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补, a renowned seer, explaining to the King 碍补谤腻濒补 Janaka, the 厂腻峁僰丑测补 Philosophy found in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 Svarg膩roha峁嘺 Parva, 38.

[2]:

辫耻谤腻峁嘺蝉补峁僪颈迟腻岣� 辫耻峁噛腻岣� 办补迟丑腻 dharm膩rthasa峁兣況it膩岣� || 膧诲颈辫补谤惫补 1.1.16.

[3]:

惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 XII.161.9

[4]:

膧di Parva 57-74,75.

[5]:

Ibid

[6]:

jayo n膩metih膩so'ya峁� 艣rotavyo vijig墨峁�u峁嚹� | mah膩产丑腻谤补迟补 1.62.20