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[Full title: Features of houses for the four classes (肠补迟耻谤驳峁沨补-惫颈诲丑腻苍补) (13) Roofing of the four main buildings (蝉耻办丑腻濒补测补 etc.)]

It is stated that the houses like 补苍苍腻驳腻谤补 etc. should be constructed using 辫腻帽肠补濒补 type of roof with of two-by-two rafters (濒耻辫腻). Eighteen chapter of Mayamata mentions eight kinds of roofs viz., 辫腻帽肠腻濒补, vaideha, 尘腻驳补诲丑补, kaurava, kausala, 艣补耻谤补蝉别苍补, 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补, and 腻惫补苍迟颈办补. 

Maya sates that:

辫腻帽肠腻濒补峁� c膩pi vaideha膩峁� m膩ghadha峁� c膩pi kaurova峁� |
办补耻蝉补濒补峁� 艣补耻谤补蝉别苍补峁� ca g膩ndh膩r腻惫补苍迟颈办补峁� tath膩 || (Mayamata 18.10)

The names of the roofs ressemble the name of the places known as 峁�o岣峚艣补尘补丑腻箩补苍补辫补诲补. By the term 笔腻帽肠腻濒补 Maya refers to both roof (辫谤腻蝉腻诲辞谤诲丑惫补惫补谤驳补) and rafters (濒奴辫补) five categories of rafters can be found in the eighteenth chapter. They are known as: madhya (median), 尘补诲丑测补办补谤峁嘺, 腻办补谤峁嘺, 补苍耻办辞峁璱, ko峁璱濒耻辫腻 (corner rafter).

The 濒耻辫腻 or rafters should be placed at the top of the ridge beam. It is states that reducing the number of rafters from the prescribed number may cause loss of wealth. On the other hand, having more rafters in a building may result to get into debt. 

Maya refers that鈥�

dhanak峁�ayo mandavedhe tr墨vre syat 峁沶avandhana峁� | (Mayamata 27.93)

In this context the 肠奴濒颈 or 肠耻濒墨办补 or 蝉迟丑奴辫墨 are prescribed to be constructed. According to P.K Acharya 肠奴濒颈 is a tower, a head ornament, the capital or the top of a building.^[1]

In the text 惭腻苍补蝉腻谤补 it is mentioned that鈥�

lammba-h膩ra峁� api ch奴lik膩dibhi岣� | (惭腻苍补蝉腻谤补 50.301 )

[鈥淭he long (suspending) chain, the crest ornaments, etc., the ear ornaments (p奴rim膩, and the hair-辫颈苍苍补肠濒别.鈥漖^[2]

The text 碍腻尘颈办腻驳补尘补 contains numerous synonymous terms, as it is mentioned that-

st奴pik膩 chha ghata岣� kilo 艣奴laka岣� sth奴pirti (sth奴pirti)-api |
艣ikha st奴pir (sth奴pir) iti khy膩ya chulika cha dvijottam膩岣� || (碍腻尘颈办腻驳补尘补 55.207)

Hence, it is clarified that a 肠奴濒颈 is a small room or tower that can be arranged at the top of the building. According to Maya, for the caste of 惫补颈艣测补 or 艣奴诲谤补, three 肠奴濒颈s should be placed. For 办峁�a迟谤颈测补, this number is to be increased to six or seven, and for the construction of a house of 产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, the number of 肠奴濒颈ka should be nine.

The foundation deposit, veranda, and median portion wall should be included in the main building of the construction. If the building is intended for men (except for 产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺s and kings), it should not be made of stone. Although there is no specific reason behind this, it is possible that expensive and durable materials like stone remained reserved only for the upper classes of society. It is also prescribed that if the building is constructed with grass or soil, then the roof should be covered with the tiles (濒辞峁ａ弓补颈峁�c丑腻诲测补峁�).

The base of the 产谤补丑尘补蝉迟腻苍补 should not be higher than that of the main building. This is to prevent water and other obstacles from entering the building during the rainy season. Maya states that the height of the base can be measured by half of the pillar leght. The procedure is that the base of the building may be equal to the height of the owner鈥檚 chest or navel, and this calculation should start from the southern side of the construction plot.

The secondary buildings of the house should be similar to the principal main building. The 产丑辞驳补产颈苍测腻蝉补岣� ceremony must be performed in those buildings. A vessel with some boiled rice with salted water should be placed at the northeast side (莫艣腻苍补办辞峁嘺). Then, a 肠耻濒濒墨 (hearth) is to be placed on the square of 补苍迟补谤颈办峁�a, and mortar (耻濒耻办丑补濒补峁�) is to be arranged on the square of satya square. An oven should be placed at 莫艣补 pada, the northeast corner of the 惫腻蝉迟耻.

Maya states that for making a kitchen the square of 莫艣补 is suitable for all castes. However, the 碍腻尘颈办腻驳补尘补 and some other treatises of 惫腻蝉迟耻vidy膩 prescribe sometimes different information. For the caste of 产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, 碍腻尘颈办腻驳补尘补 advices to arrange the kitchen at the northeast corner. For 办峁�a迟谤颈测补 the southeast is suitable place, the southwest corner is prescribed for 惫补颈艣测补, and at the northwest corner for 艣奴诲谤补.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

P.K. Acharya, A dictionary of Hindu Architecture, series.1. p.197

[2]:

P.K.Acharya, 惭腻苍补蝉腻谤补, series 4, p.514