Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study)
by Padma Sugavanam | 2011 | 95,782 words
This page relates ‘Citations of Kohala in the Abhinavabharatasarasangraha� of the thesis dealing with Kohala’s contribution to the Sanskrit textual tradition of ancient Indian performing arts. The study focuses specifically on music (Gita), dance (Nritya), and drama (Natya). Although Kohala’s original works have not been found, numerous references to him across Lakshana-Granthas (treatises) and works by modern scholars indicate his significance.
Part 20 - Citations of Kohala in the Abhinavabharatasārasaṅgraha
The Abhinavabharatasārasaṅgraha [Abhinavabharata-sārasaṃgraha] (1660-1670 C.E.) of Mummaḍi Cikkabhūpāla contains two references to Kohala. In the first instance, the author quotes a verse of Kohala on the classification of musical instruments (ref.para 2.1.16). This is found at the very outset of this work. Cikkabhūpāla also cites the views Bharata, Haripāla, Dattila and 岹. The order in which these authors have been quoted is interesting. Cikkabhūpāla cites Ჹ𱹲’s views immediately after Bharata and then follows it with that of Dattila. Bharata and Dattila belong to the period between 2nd century B.C.E. and 2nd century C.E., whereas Haripāla is a 14th century C.E. author. The reason for Cikkabhūpāla adopting this order (Bharata-Ჹ𱹲-Dattila-Kohala-岹) of citation is not clear. According to him, Kohala has classified instruments into five categories viz. ṣi, ghana, carmabaddha, ٲԳٰī and Բ. The addition of Բ (human voice) as an instrument is noteworthy. The other four classes are commonly mentioned by several authors. It is not clear which work of Kohala, Cikkabhūpāla had access to, as this is the only citation of Kohala’s that he presents in his work. If indeed he had the work of the earliest Kohala (contemporary of Bharata), then he would perhaps be the earliest author to include the human voice into the classes of instruments.
Another citation of Kohala in this work is on the subject of ū (ref.para 2.1.4.3). Cikkabhūpāla quotes this from ṅgīٲܻ첹 of Haripāla and a work of Tumburu. According to Haripasla, Kohala has defined ū as a scale with seven notes, he says there are twenty one ūs� seven for each 峾. This would imply that Kohala, has accepted the gāndhāra 峾. On the other hand, the definition of Tumburu is more of a general nature and does not speak of any technical details regarding the subject.
But as we have seen in earlier paragraphs, most authors post-鲹ٲ첹 have painted a very different picture of Kohala compared to what has been said by authors like Ѳٲṅg and Abhinavagupta. Considering Cikkabhūpāla belonged to the 17th century C.E. it is very likely that he had access to one of the works of a later Kohala or sourced is material from some other work (for instance like ṅgīٲܻ첹) from which he generously draws material.