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The rich heritage of ancient Indian performing arts has been brought down over centuries through 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 or treatises dealing with the theory and practice of the classical arts. They are the basis for understanding the conventions and techniques that were in vogue in the ancient times. 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 serve multi-fold purposes. Primarily, they record the technical aspects of the subject that were current at the time of their composition. Further, they may stand to provide valuable information on the principles that were upheld by earlier authorities on the subject, views of these earlier authorities, quotations from other works/ authors and such like. 

Many of these 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 have been composed in the 厂补尘蝉办峁泃补 language. More often than not, these works are composed in verse form. In some cases, intermittent prose passages in between the verses can be found. Some texts have commentaries which give us a wider and deeper understanding of the topics spoken of therein. Over the centuries many such 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 have emerged which are today collectively referred to as a 鈥楾extual Tradition鈥�.

The tradition of 濒补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 on the varied aspects of theatrical performance namely 骋墨迟补 (music). 狈峁泃测补 (dance) and 狈腻峁瓂补 (drama) begins around the 2nd century B.C.E. with Bharata鈥檚 狈腻峁瓂补艣膩stra. Right from those times, many authors such as 惭补迟补峁単补, 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补, Mah膩r膩峁嘺 Kumbha, Kallin膩tha, R膩m膩m膩tya, Govind膩c膩rya and others have written valuable treatises. It is also true that many 濒补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 are not available to us. For instance some ancient authors such as 痴颈艣腻办丑颈濒补, 驰腻峁ａ弓颈办补, Durg膩艣akti, 艢腻谤诲奴濒补, 膧帽箩补苍别测补, 峁�墨k膩k膩ra and 搁腻丑耻濒补 have been referred to in later texts. But their concepts live on only through references as none of their works is available today. These references may be of different kinds鈥擱eference to a word/name, reference to a concept and direct quotation from another work/author.

Kohala

Kohala is one such author, who is found through time, as references in several 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉, but whose original work is yet to be unearthed. The very first reference to Kohala is found in 狈腻峁瓂补艣膩stra wherein he is mentioned as one of Bharata鈥檚 hundred sons. 

References to Kohala in published sources are available from the time of 狈腻峁瓂补艣膩stra to the 18th century C.E. Internal evidences in these references suggest that perhaps there was more than one Kohala who had written on the subjects of 驳墨迟补, 苍峁泃测补 and 苍腻峁瓂补 at different points in time. In addition to these primary sources, there are also references to Kohala made by modern scholars such as P. V. Kane, M. Krishnamachariar, V. Raghavan, Mandakranta Bose and others. These scholars also provide valuable insights into the works of Kohala. Apart from references found in published works, there are some manuscripts attributed to Kohala. 

These are:

1. Kohalamatam;
2. Kohalarahasyam;
3. 顿补迟迟颈濒补办辞丑补濒墨测补尘;
4. Kohal墨yam Abhinaya艣膩stram;
5. 叠丑补谤补迟补艣腻蝉迟谤补尘;
6. 罢腻濒补濒补办峁�a峁嘺尘;

There is also one published work titled 碍补耻丑补濒墨测补艣颈办艣腻 which is believed to be a work of Kohala.

This doctoral thesis is an attempt at bringing together the textual references to Kohala, the manuscripts attributed to him, as well as an assessment of his contribution to the 蝉补尘蝉办峁泃补 textual tradition of 骋墨迟补, 狈峁泃测补 and 狈腻峁瓂补.

Objectives

鈥� The name of Kohala is seen to appear in works right from 狈腻峁瓂补艣膩stra (2nd century C.E.) to works like Sa峁叢的�迟补s膩r膩m峁泃a and Sa峁叢的�迟补sara峁噄 which belong to the 18th century C.E. One objective of this thesis has been to locate the works in which there are references to Kohala and analyse the concepts relating to Kohala, as found in these published works.

鈥� The original work of Kohala is yet to be unearthed. Therefore this thesis has attempted to locate all manuscripts that are attributed to Kohala, to study the contents of these manuscripts and also to compare them with the references found in published 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉. Whether there is any relation between the references to Kohala in published works and the unpublished works attributed to him and also whether any (or many) of these manuscripts represent that original work of Kohala is to be determined.

鈥� On the basis of the information gathered from both primary and secondary sources, this thesis will attempt to place Kohala, with reference to the time of his existence, the tradition of performing arts to which he belonged (i.e. 尘腻谤驳补 or 诲别艣墨), the concepts he stood for, his place in the field of 狈腻峁瓂补 and the chance of the name Kohala representing more than one person.

Methodology

The following methodology was followed for the research work鈥�

1. Literature survey

Libraries were visited to make a detailed Literature survey with particular reference to Kohala. The relevant 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 were consulted and the references to Kohala in these works were collected. Also, writings of modern scholars like Mandakranta Bose, V. Raghavan, P. V. Kane, M. R. Kavi and M. Krishnamachariar were collected. 

2. Collection of Manuscripts

The list of titles of manuscripts that are attributed to Kohala were collected from the unpublished doctoral thesis of V. Premalatha. Manuscript libraries were visited to procure copies of these manuscripts. With the exception of one manuscript titled Kohal墨yam Abhinaya艣膩stram, all manuscripts attributed to Kohala were procured.

3. Copying Manuscripts The manuscripts attributed to Kohala were copied from manuscript libraries such as GOML and ORI-SVU by making photo copies, taking photographs using a digital camera and procuring scanned copies of the manuscripts.

4. Discussion with scholars The references to Kohala in published 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 were discussed with scholars. The contents of the published works and the unpublished manuscript were studied and analysed. 

Scope

References to Kohala are found in works that deal with the aspects of 驳墨迟补, 苍峁泃测补 and 苍腻峁瓂补 (either individually or collectively). Works relating to all these subjects have been consulted in this research project. It must be said at this point that the field of 苍腻峁瓂补 and its allied arts is very vast and the treatises dealing with them, numerous. Kohala, being a very important figure in the field of 苍腻峁瓂补 in the ancient times is referred to in several of these treatises. Due to paucity of time and space, only those works that would play a significant role in the understanding of Kohala have been taken up for this study.

Organisation of Chapters

The thesis consists of five chapters. The following is a brief note on each of them.

Chapter 1

This chapter examines aspects such as the name of Kohala, the place of his origin, different facets of Kohala (such as the concept of 笔补帽肠补产丑补谤补迟补蝉 and Kohala being a part of it, Kohala as a grammarian etc.), the date of Kohala, the tradition of performing arts that Kohala belonged to (尘腻谤驳补 or 诲别艣墨), the works that are attributed to him through secondary sources etc. The view of modern scholars on these subjects has been discussed.

Chapter 2

This chapter is devoted to the study of the references made to Kohala in 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉. References taken from works like B峁沨ad诲别艣墨, 础产丑颈苍补惫补产丑腻谤补迟墨, Bh膩vaprak膩艣ana, 碍补濒腻苍颈诲丑颈, Sa峁叢的�迟补r膩ja and Sa峁叢的�迟补n膩r膩ya峁嘺 have been classified under the heads 骋墨迟补, 狈峁泃测补 and 狈腻峁瓂补. Under each of these heads, the references are classified topic-wise and then are placed chronologically under each of these topics. There is a detailed examination of each of these references and their standing is evaluated in the light of the views expressed in other 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉.

Chapter 3

The references to Kohala found in 濒补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 as seen in chapter two, have been analysed in chronological order of works. Common threads of information regarding Kohala have been traced. Based on these observations, the number of Kohala-s, the authenticity of these works with respect to Kohala etc. have been investigated.

Chapter 4

This chapter deals with the Primary sources of information. These are manuscripts attributed to Kohala. As mentioned earlier, there are six such titles of manuscripts. The title of the manuscript, the structure of the work, the contents of the work, the author of the work, the date of the work and most importantly, its relation (or lack of it) with Kohala have been elaborated herein. A single published work attributed to Kohala, namely 碍补耻丑补濒墨测补艣颈办峁Ｄ� has also been discussed in this chapter.

Chapter 5

This is the concluding chapter and summarises the various findings relating to Kohala. The date of Kohala, authenticity of works attributed to him, the number of Kohala-s, the artistic tradition to which he belonged, his important doctrines and the place of Kohala in musicological literature are brought out.

Appendix

The following will be appended with the thesis 

1. A Roman transliteration of these references to Kohala found in 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉 in chronological order.

2. List of the original citations of Kohala as seen in 尝补办峁�a峁嘺驳谤补苍迟丑补蝉