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搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻, a powerful disease, is the 辫谤补迟颈苍腻测补办补 of the play; 痴颈峁Ｅ玞墨 is his wife and 笔腻峁囜笉耻 is his son and minister. The author has enlisted almost all major and minor diseases as the members of the army of 搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻.

The phrase 鈥�deho ruj膩varjita岣�鈥� in the third line of the second 狈腻苍诲墨 verse,^[1] forcefully specifies that the human body must be totally free from diseases and then only the desired complete health would be possible (abh墨psitam 膩rogyam). Also the phrase, 辫补艣奴苍腻尘 辫补迟颈岣� 诲别惫补岣� va岣� di艣atu鈥揹enotes that lord 艢颈惫补, who is 鈥�辫补艣奴苍腻尘 辫补迟颈岣�鈥濃�攖he protector of all the living beings in this cosmos, should bless all.

At the end of the prelude when the stage-manager casually refers to 鈥�j墨vam 膩bhibhavitu峁� 测补办峁�m腻 v膩帽cati iva鈥� for which, entering the stage, the minister expresses that it would be impossible for Yak峁�m膩 to conquer 闯墨惫补 as long as he, 痴颈箩帽腻苍补 艢补谤尘腻 is alive. By this, the dramatist introduces the 笔谤补迟颈苍腻测补办补 as 搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻 and also his aim of bringing 闯墨惫补 under his control.

From 顿丑腻谤补峁嚹�, close associate of queen Buddhi, who had been sent as a spy to the enemy camp, it is understood that Yak峁�m膩 is sarvaroga 谤腻箩腻 and is also powerful (产补濒墨) as it is understood from the Ayurvedic texts.^[2]

He also has a powerful army of diseases (I.26ab):

pariv膩r膩 etasya rogavi艣e峁Ｄ� bh墨mar奴p膩岣� 产补丑补惫补岣� |

And he is invincible without Rasa and Gandhaka (I.38/39; p.46):

rasagandhakaprayogamantare峁嘺 sapariv膩ro'hamajayya岣� ||

In the second Act, it is reported that Yak峁�m膩 has come to know about the progress on the hero's side and has directed 笔腻峁囜笉耻, his minister and son, to be ready for the attack on the hero (II.6):

膩smatsainyairnirodha峁� k峁泃amaga峁嘺yat膩 sve pure s奴padi峁ａ弓a峁�
  j墨vo'm膩tyena 测辞驳补峁� sa kila ni艣amayan pr膩padantarmukhatvam |
ityasm膩ka峁� ni艣amya prabhurativi艣ada峁� c膩ravaktr膩t 办耻尘腻谤补峁�
  驳补迟惫腻 辫峁沜肠丑补 tvayeda峁� viditamatha na vetyakula岣� pr膩hi峁噊nm膩m ||^[3]

In the beginning of the fourth Act, the information that severe attacks have already been started on the capital city by Yak峁�m膩 as soon as he heard about 闯墨惫补鈥檚 obtaining the Rasa and Gandhaka from the Universal parents, is comprehended from the 痴颈诲奴峁�a办补 in his soliloquy in Act IV. (p.179):

耻办迟补峁� khalu dauv膩rike峁嘺 pr膩峁噀na r膩j峁�o rasagandhakavaraprad膩na峁� 艣谤耻迟惫腻 balavadro峁�ava艣a峁僩atena yak峁�mahatakena p膩峁囜笉un膩 saha kimapi mantrayitv膩 sapariv膩rasy膩sm膩ka峁� r膩j峁�a upari 惫测补迟颈办谤补尘补峁� kamapi kartumudyoga岣� kriyata |

搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻 is seen for the first time on the stage, only in the middle of Act V, when the war between the two sides is getting serious. Now Yak峁�m膩 enters the stage along with Matsara, who had gone into the enemy fort and had returned to his own side having been spared by 痴颈箩帽腻苍补 艢补谤尘腻, to meet 笔腻峁囜笉耻.

Yak峁�m膩鈥檚 knitted eyebrows and the throbbing of the loose lips prove that he is very angry and his face also shows that he is much disturbed (V.26):

tanvat puna岣�punarapi 产丑谤耻办耻峁璱峁� lal膩峁璭 niss墨mani岣ヅ泇asitamuccalit膩dharo峁ａ弓ham |
devasya 艣a峁僺ati mukh膩mbujamantara峁単e 谤奴岣峢腻峁� 谤耻峁Ｄ� ripujane sahasaiva cint膩m ||

Listening to Matsara鈥檚 account of his experience at 闯墨惫补鈥檚 city closely,Yak峁�m膩 asks him many probing questions about the various types of 笔谤腻苍补蝉 keeping vigilance of the city and the machines that have

⁶³ This news is actually heard by 笔腻峁囜笉耻, quite later (in an aside reported by 碍腻蝉补 who had been sent by Yak峁�m膩), at the end of the second Act. The commentary explains (p.123) this in verse 6 cited by 碍腻蝉补 at the beginning of Act II: p奴rvasminna峁卥e 鈥溎乻matsainyairnirodha峁� k峁泃amaga峁嘺yat膩鈥� iti padye vidyam膩no vi峁�ayast膩d峁浥沘岣� ka艣cidapara艣ca evamiveti kar峁嚹乶tike kathyate |

been placed by 痴颈箩帽腻苍补 艢补谤尘腻 to thwart the enemy force^[4] (the medical implements used in surgery as a form of treatment are here called as machines). After hearing the entire narration of Matsara, Yak峁�m膩 and 笔腻峁囜笉耻 discuss the most effective method of capturing the city and spoiling the efforts of 痴颈箩帽腻苍补 艢补谤尘腻.

The power of Yak峁�m膩 is so great that, whatever may be the devices and however many warriors there may be to oppose, all will fall before Yak峁�m膩鈥檚 anger like fire-flies (V.37):

santu yantr膩峁噛ane办腻苍颈 santu v膩 sainik膩岣� pare |
tvatkop膩gnau pata峁単atva峁� bhajeranniti me 尘补迟颈岣� ||

Yak峁�m膩 decides to enter the innermost part of the city and make all the 艣补蝉迟谤补蝉 and yantras ineffective, just as he had once made the Moon suffer by his attacks (V.38):

r膩ja测补办峁�m腻鈥�... 蝉补谤惫补迟丑腻 pravi艣y膩nta岣� ko艣膩g膩ram鈥�
艣astre峁嘺 sarvamapi kha峁囜笉a艣a eva 办峁泃惫腻 驳峁沝丑谤补惫谤补箩腻测补 苍颈办丑颈濒补峁� balimarpay膩mi |
yenaudano divi峁�ad膩峁� vikal墨k峁泃o'bh奴t ki峁� tasya me bhayamam墨 办颈迟补惫腻 vidadhyu岣� ||

The statement of Yak峁�m膩 that he would destroy all his enemies and make them food for the vultures (VI.38ab), portrays the effect of Yak峁�maroga on the body, says the commentary (p.288):

r膩jayak峁�ma峁嚹� balavat膩bhibh奴tasya pr膩峁噄dehasya t膩d峁浥浤� duravastha s膩m膩nyata岣� sa峁僢havat墨ti 产丑腻惫补岣� |

Further, the dramatist very effectively delineates this character of 搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻 as the enemy, by making him boast that though lord 艢颈惫补 had given Rasa to 闯墨惫补, He had not been able to cure the blemish in Candra caused by himself, Yak峁�m膩(V.39):

Also, Yak峁�m膩 declares that he would vanquish at first 闯墨惫补 on whom 痴颈箩帽腻苍补 and others depend, and then as a consequence, dependants of 闯墨惫补 would perish (V.41):

腻艣谤颈迟测补 ya峁� satatamutpatasi smayena nirv膩pay膩mi tamaha峁� sahasaiva j墨vam |
pa艣c膩dvina峁卥峁�yati bhav膩napi c膩艣rayasya n膩艣膩nna sidhyati kim膩艣rayi峁噊'pi 苍腻艣补岣� ||^[5]

搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻 is seen again on stage at the end of the sixth Act, after a serious fight between the two sides which had resulted in the eradication of many of the diseases, the warriors of the side of Yak峁�m膩.

As he enters, he vows that the city will either be without 闯墨惫补 or without diseases (VI.79):

艣astr膩艣astri prasahy膩dya prav峁泃te ra峁嘺vai艣ase |
膩j墨vakamaroga峁� v膩 purametadbhavi峁�yati ||

He moves on to the battle field and finds his own army completely vanquished. At the close of the sixth Act, 搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻 while lamenting the loss of his dear and near, also plans to avenge their death.

In the seventh Act it is seen that king 闯墨惫补 and 痴颈箩帽腻苍补 艢补谤尘腻 expect 搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻 to attack them with renewed vigour. Hence, 闯墨惫补 is advised to pray to lord 艢颈惫补 for complete routing of Yak峁�m膩鈥檚 forces. Accordingly, by lord 艢颈惫补鈥檚 teaching, 闯墨惫补 attains all the Yogic powers. 碍腻濒补 from the nepathya declares that 搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻 along with his queen Vi峁�uc墨 and all other remaining diseases like Gada, have also perished.

搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻鈥檚 features as the leader of diseases is presented by the dramatist quite interestingly through the mouth of 碍腻濒补, the eternal witness of all happenings in the universe.

On Yak峁�m膩鈥檚 entry into the stage in the sixth Act, 碍腻濒补 describes him citing verses from the 膧测耻谤惫别诲补 text 础峁ａ弓腻峁単补丑峁沝补测补 (搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻di-苍颈诲腻苍补, 1-3)^[6] :

(1) 搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻 is so called, because he is being followed by many diseases and himself leads many other diseases. He is also known as 碍峁�a测补, 艢辞峁�a and Rogar膩峁�, the king of all diseases.

(2) By attacking the king of 苍补办峁�t谤补蝉, namely Candra, the disease had come to be known as 搁腻箩补测补办峁�m腻.

(3) As he is the root-cause for the malfunctions of the limbs of the body, his name is 碍峁�a测补. He dries the liquid parts of the body and hence, is known as 艢辞峁�a. He makes other types of the diseases in the body to happily function; and hence named as the king of diseases鈥揜ogar膩峁�.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

pr膩gjanm墨yatapa岣�phala峁� tanubh峁泃膩 pr膩pyeta m膩nu峁�yaka峁� tacca pr膩ptavat膩 kimanyaducita峁� pr膩ptu峁� 迟谤颈惫补谤驳补峁� 惫颈苍腻 |
迟补迟辫谤腻辫迟别谤补辫颈 蝉腻诲丑补苍补峁� prathamato deho ruj膩varjitasten膩rogyamabh墨psita峁� di艣atu vo 诲别惫补岣� pa艣奴n膩峁� 辫补迟颈岣� ||

[2]:

See. Com. p.31:
鈥渟arvarog膩grajo 产补濒墨鈥� iti prabalatva峁� ni峁�prat墨k膩ratva峁� ca yak峁�ma峁嘺岣� prasiddham膩yurvede |

[3]:

This news is actually heard by 笔腻峁囜笉耻, quite later (in an aside reported by 碍腻蝉补 who had been sent by Yak峁�m膩), at the end of the second Act. The commentary explains (p.123) this in verse 6 cited by 碍腻蝉补 at the beginning of Act II: p奴rvasminna峁卥e 鈥溎乻matsainyairnirodha峁� k峁泃amaga峁嘺yat膩鈥� iti padye vidyam膩no vi峁�ayast膩d峁浥沘岣� ka艣cidapara艣ca evamiveti kar峁嚹乶tike kathyate |

[4]:

JN. VI. 28/29; p.278:
matsara ke te pr膩峁嚹乨aya岣� katividh膩岣�kutra gat膩岣� ki峁僴膩madhey膩艣ca |
办腻苍颈 ca t膩ni yantr膩峁噄 k墨d峁浥浤乶墨ti ca sakalamapi saprak膩ram膩vedaya |
膩m峁泃anidhiraya峁� ya岣� so'pi matp墨岣峣ta岣� san na vis峁沯ati mad墨yavy膩dhin膩dy膩pi k膩r艣yam |
苍颈箩补惫颈办补峁璦箩补峁�膩l墨办腻苍补苍补蝉迟丑补辫颈迟补蝉测补 prabhavati sa mahe艣o'pyasya ki峁� p奴ra峁嚹亂a ||

[5]:

See com. p.290: 膩艣rayabh奴ta艣ar墨ran膩艣e vij峁Ｄ乶an膩艣asy膩pi samanantaramev膩yutasiddhatva峁� prasiddham | puru峁�ame峁�a 谤辞驳补岣� taras膩kramya svayamanulomata岣� pratilomata艣c膩vara峁嚹乨ido峁�abal膩t dh膩t奴n膩峁� 产补丑耻诲丑腻 k峁�ayamutp膩dya 惫颈苍腻艣ayediti vaidyakamatamapyanusa峁僤adh膩ti padyamidam ||

[6]:

JN. VI. 76-8:
膩nekarog膩nugato bahurogapurogama岣� |
r膩ja测补办峁�m腻 办峁�a测补岣� 艣o峁�orogar膩岣峣ti ca sm峁泃a岣� ||
nak峁�atr膩峁嚹佱箖 dvij膩n膩峁� ca 谤腻箩腻bh奴dyo 惫颈诲丑耻岣� 辫耻谤腻 |
ta峁� yajjagr膩ha 测补办峁�m腻sau r膩ja测补办峁�m腻 迟补迟补岣� sm峁泃a岣� ||
dehe峁�u ya岣� k峁�ayak峁泃e岣� k峁�ayastatsa峁僢hav膩cca sa岣� |
ras膩di艣o峁�a峁嚹乧cho峁�o rogar膩岣峳ogara峁�jan膩t ||