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In 叠丑腻惫补prak膩艣a Nigha峁囜弓u, 叠丑峁涐箙驳补谤腻箩补 is described as an insecticide^[1]. Regarding the 惭补丑腻苍颈尘产补 or Vak膩yana, western practitioners believe that consuming small amounts of the bark of Vak膩yana can cure the ringworm disease of children^[2].

Caraka-Samhita says that it is very difficult to determine the nature of a disease, whether mild or serious and at the same time the investigation of different aspects of parasites is also difficult. The existence of every parasite is active when residing inside the body.

There are twenty types of worms including:

1. 驰奴办补 and
2. 笔颈辫墨濒颈办腻,
3. 碍别艣腻诲补,
4. 尝辞尘腻诲补,
5. 尝辞尘补诲惫墨辫补,
6. Saurasa,
7. Audumbara and
8. 闯补苍迟耻尘腻迟腻,
9. 础苍迟谤腻诲腻,
10. 鲍诲补谤腻诲补,
11. 贬峁沝补测补肠补谤补,
12. Curu,
13. 顿补谤产丑补辫耻峁�p补,
14. Saugandhika,
15. 惭补丑腻驳耻诲补,
16. 碍补办别谤耻办腻,
17. 惭补办别谤耻办腻,
18. 尝别濒颈丑腻,
19. Sa艣奴lak膩 and
20. 厂补耻蝉耻谤腻诲补.

There are twenty types of worms as described in 艢膩ra峁単adhara 厂补峁僪颈迟腻. Among them, the two external worms are鈥�

[From Kapha]:

1. 驰奴办腻,
2. 尝颈办峁Ｄ�,
3. 贬峁沝补测辞诲补办补,
4. 础苍迟谤腻诲腻,
5. 鲍诲补谤腻惫别峁ａ弓腻,
6. Curava,
7. 惭补丑腻驳耻丑腻,
8. 厂耻驳补苍诲丑腻,
9. Darbhakusuma;

[From Rakta]:

10. 惭腻迟补谤补,
11. Saurasa,
12. 尝辞尘补惫颈诲丑惫补峁僺腻,
13. 搁辞尘补诲惫墨辫腻,
14. Udumvar膩 and
15. 碍别艣腻诲补;

[From 笔耻谤墨峁�a (faces)]:

16. 惭补办别谤耻办腻,
17. 尝别濒颈丑腻,
18. 厂濒奴苍腻,
19. Sausur膩d膩 and
20. 碍补办别谤耻办腻.

There are several other forms of worms belonging to Kapha and Rakta namely Sn膩yuka^[3].

The parasites including 驰奴办腻 and 笔颈辫墨濒颈办腻 exist in the excreta. 碍别艣腻诲补, 尝辞尘腻诲补, 尝辞尘补诲惫墨辫补, Saurasa, Audumbara, and Jantum膩t峁� are found in the blood. 础苍迟谤腻诲腻, 鲍诲补谤腻惫别峁ａ弓腻, H峁沝ay膩d膩, Curu, 顿补谤产丑补辫耻峁�p补, Saugandhika, and Mah膩guda thrive in Kapha. 碍补办别谤耻办腻, 惭补办别谤耻办腻, 尝别濒颈丑腻, Sa艣奴lak膩, and Sausur膩da exist in faeces.

The parasites are further classified into four groups i.e., 笔耻谤墨峁�aja that born and thrive in faces, 艢le峁�maja that grow in phlegm, 艢辞峁噄迟补箩补 that exist in blood, and Malaja that thrive in external excreta^[4].

There are two types of excreta namely external and internal. Malaja is the parasites born of external excreta. They are caused by a lack of cleanliness in the body. They grow in the hair, face, eyelashes and the dress. These creatures microscopically resemble the shape of a grain of Tila. They are white and black. Common symptoms caused by these parasites include itching, production of urticaria and pimples. The common remedy of these parasites is to remove the parasites, keeping the body clean and avoiding regimens that produce the excreta. 础峁ａ弓腻峁単a 贬峁沝补测补峁� described two kinds of worms such as 叠腻丑测补 and 膧产丑测补苍迟补谤补. Based on origin there are four types of worms like wastes, Kapha, a峁�rk and faeces. Worms are caused by an unhygienic lifestyle. The worms are very small and resemble sesame seeds. They are found in hair and clothes and cause rashes, eruptions, itching and small tumours. Food such as sweet dishes, molasses, milk curds, flour of grains and freshly harvested grains, aggravate worms^[5]. 础峁ａ弓腻峁単a Sa峁僩raha described two kinds of worms such as 叠腻丑测补 and 膧产丑测补苍迟补谤补. They cause rashes, papules, itching and enlargement of lymph glands.

Table 10: Types of 碍峁沵颈^[6]

Sl. No.	碍峁沵颈	Types	Location & Shape	Treatment
1.	笔耻谤墨峁�aja (5)	碍补办别谤耻办腻, 惭补办别谤耻办腻, 尝别濒颈丑腻, Sa艣奴lak膩, Sausur膩da	尝辞肠补迟颈辞苍鈥搃ntestines. Is minute, white, long, cylindrical, black, blue.	Extraction of 碍峁沵颈, destruction of the source material, avoidance of etiological factors.
2.	艢le峁�maja (7)	础苍迟谤腻诲腻, 鲍诲补谤腻诲补, 贬峁沝补测补肠补谤补, Curu, 顿补谤产丑补辫耻峁�p补, Saugandhika, Mah膩guda	尝辞肠补迟颈辞苍鈥搒tomach. Is white, broad, round, Coppery.	Extraction of 碍峁沵颈, destruction of the source material, avoidance of etiological factors.
3.	Raktaja (6)	碍别艣腻诲补, 尝辞尘腻诲补, 尝辞尘补诲惫墨辫补, Saurasa, Audumbara, Jantum膩t膩	尝辞肠补迟颈辞苍鈥揵lood. Is minute, the round has no feet, is invisible.	碍耻峁ａ弓丑补 treatment
4.	Malaja (2)	驰奴办补, 笔颈辫墨濒颈办腻	尝辞肠补迟颈辞苍鈥�hairs, beard, moustache, eyelashes. Is minute, multiple, sesamum-shaped.	Extraction removal of Excreta.

(Source: Synopsis on Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻)

The bloodborne parasites are found in blood vessels. The causes are different skin diseases including leprosy. These parasites are very minute and invisible to the naked eye. They cooperate in colour. This parasite includes 碍别艣腻诲补, 尝辞尘腻诲补, 尝辞尘补诲惫墨辫补, Saurasa, Audumbara, and Jantum膩t峁�. They cause distraction of hair from the head as well as from the different parts of the body including eyelashes and nails. A wound affected by these parasites causes hyperesthesia, itching, pain and creeping sensation.

When they grow excessive in number, they hit the skin, vessels, ligaments, muscles tissue and cartilages^[7].

The parasites born of phlegm are caused due to Consumption of milk, sugar candy, sesame seed, fish, and meat of animals from marshy land, pastries, milk products, uncooked food and contaminated or unwholesome food. These parasites grow in the stomach and move upwards or booth the sides. They are tape shaped and white. Some are big and flat; some are round and like an earthworm and white. The names parasites are 础苍迟谤腻诲腻, 鲍诲补谤腻惫别峁ａ弓腻, H峁沝ay膩d膩, Curu, 顿补谤产丑补辫耻峁�p补, Saugandhika, and Mah膩guda. These parasites cause鈥�nausea, salivation, anorexia, indigestion, fever, fainting, yawning, sneezing, constipation, malaise, vomiting, emaciation and dryness of the body^[8].

The main characteristics of faces born parasites are as follows鈥揷auses including consumption of milk, sugar candy, sesame seed, fish, and meat of animals from marshy land, pastries, milk products, uncooked food and contaminated or unwholesome food. These germs thrive inside the colon when grown excessively as they move downwards. When they move towards the stomach the patient鈥檚 breath smells like faecal colour. The parasites are minute, cylindrical and long, white. Other variants are thick, cylindrical in shape and grey, blue, green or yellow.

The names of such parasites are 碍补办别谤耻办腻, 惭补办别谤耻办腻, 尝别濒颈丑腻, Sa艣奴lak膩, and 厂补耻蝉耻谤腻诲补. These parasites cause diarrhoea, emaciation, dryness and horripilation, irritation in the oral region. The parasites excrete from anus^[9].

The treatment includes extraction of parasites contraction of factors responsible for the production phlegm of these parasites and then avoidance of such parasites. Parasites should be extracted manually without or with the help of instruments and also by the proper administration of appropriate therapies such as鈥�艣颈谤辞惫颈谤别肠补苍补, vomiting, purgation and 腻蝉迟丑腻辫补苍补. To counteract, the factors responsible for the production of parasites include certain drugs and diets, pungent, bitter and astringent in taste and hot in nature to be used. Thereafter, factors producing these parasites should be avoided^[10].

The patients suffering from diseases caused by parasites should be treated with oleation and fomentation therapies for six to seven consecutive days and nights. One day before these therapies the patient should be given milk, sugar, candy, card, sesame seed, fish meat, the meat of animals from marshy land, pastry, milk and kusumbha oil to arouse the parasites to migrate them to the alimentary tract. If the patient spends the night comfortably being able to digest the food of the previous night, he should be given 腻蝉迟丑腻辫补苍补 type of enema, emesis and purgation therapy^[11].

In such cases, the patient is advised to collect the following herbs鈥�惭奴濒补办补, 厂补谤峁�a辫补, 尝补艣耻苍补, 碍补谤补帽箩补, 艢颈驳谤耻, 惭补诲丑耻艣颈驳谤耻, Kharapu峁�p膩, 叠丑奴蝉迟峁涐箛补 and various types of basils, viz. Sumukha, Surasa, 碍耻峁环别谤补办补, 骋补峁囜笉墨谤补, K膩lam膩laka, Par峁嚹乻a, 碍峁�a惫补办补 and 笔丑补峁噄箩箩丑补办补. All these ingredients should be washed and cut into pieces and boiled and mixed with the fruit of Madana, 笔颈辫辫补濒墨, 痴颈岣峚峁単补 and oil with svargiks膩ra and salt and administered to the patient in the form of an enema. In the same way, the following herbs should be mixed with Madana phala to be used as an enema for three to seven days鈥�Arka, Alarka, 碍耻峁璦箩补, 膧dhak墨, 碍耻峁ａ弓丑补 and 碍补颈岣峚谤测补, or 艢颈驳谤耻, 笔墨濒耻, Kustumburu, 碍补峁璾办腻 and 厂补谤峁�a辫补, or 膧尘补濒补办补, 艢峁涐箙驳补惫别谤补, 顿腻谤耻丑补谤颈诲谤腻, and Picumarda^[12].

After the elimination of the ingredients of the last enema, the patient should be allayed and given elimination therapy that causes emesis and purgation. The patient is given a drink made of decoction of seeds of Madana in half-补帽箩补濒颈, 础办峁�a, 罢谤颈惫峁泃 to eliminate impurities through vomiting and purgation^[13].

After this procedure, the patient should be sponged with the Luke-warm decoction of 痴颈岣峚峁単补 -both externally and internally. Otherwise, the decoction of drugs of pungent, bitter and astringent tastes prepared urine may be used for applying on the body of the patient. After that, the patient should be taken inside an airtight room and be gradually given 驰补惫腻驳耻 prepared by boiling with 笔颈辫辫补濒墨 root, Citraka and 艢峁涐箙驳补惫别谤补. After that, the patient should be given two to three 础苍耻惫腻蝉补苍补 with the oil of 痴颈岣峚峁単补 on alternate days^[14].

If the parasites attack the brain of the patient then the head of the patient should be oleated and fomented and the 诲辞峁�a蝉 from the head should be purged by applying earthiness prepared with dehisced seeds of 础辫腻尘腻谤驳补^[15].

An order to counteract the factors liable for the production of parasites 惭奴濒补办补par峁嚹� roots and branches should be extracted and paste of red 艣腻濒颈-rice should be boiled to make 辫奴辫补濒颈办腻蝉 and fried with smokeless firebrands. The patient infected with the parasite should be given this cake with salt and 痴颈岣峚峁単补 oil. Then he should be given a drink of sour congee or uda艣vit which is a mixture of water and buttermilk with salt and the power of pippal墨, cavya, Citraka, 艢峁涐箙驳补惫别谤补, 惭腻谤办补惫补, Arka, Sahacara, 狈墨辫补, 狈颈谤驳耻峁囜笉墨, various types of basils, viz. Sumukha, Surasa, 碍耻峁环别谤补办补, 骋补峁囜笉墨谤补, K膩lam膩laka, Par峁嚹乻a, 碍峁�a惫补办补 and 笔丑补峁噄箩箩丑补办补, Bakula, 碍耻峁璦箩补, Suvar峁嘺k峁Ｄ玶墨, 碍颈峁噄丑墨, 碍颈谤腻迟补迟颈办迟补, 厂耻惫补丑腻, 膧尘补濒补办补, 贬补谤墨迟补办墨 and 叠颈产丑墨迟补办补 in empty stomach in the morning^[16].

Dried horse dung should be crushed to powder and well impregnated in the sun with the decoction 痴颈岣峚峁単补 or 罢谤颈辫丑补濒腻 for eight or ten times. These powers mixed with honey should be given to the patient suffering from worm infection^[17].

For purgation one 办补濒补艣补 of 叠丑补濒濒腻迟补办补 stones crushed and placed in a jar which should be placed over another jar smeared inside with oil and buried underground up to its neck. Then it is burned with cow dung and all the drained oil should be collected and mixed with half quantity of dehisced seeds of 痴颈岣峚峁単补^[18]. Another way to deal with parasites is fresh Tila kept in Luke-warm decoction of 痴颈岣峚峁単补 should be rubbed oil^[19].

Another therapy to deal with the production of parasites is as follows鈥�鲍诲诲腻濒补办补 and Tilvaka should be collected and made into a paste adding the decoction of 痴颈岣峚峁単补. Half Bilva of 艢测腻尘腻 (black) and 罢谤颈惫峁泃 (white), one-fourth Bilva each of 顿补苍迟墨, 诲谤补惫补苍迟墨, cavya, Citraka should be collected and mixed with half 膩dhaka of decoction of 痴颈岣峚峁単补, one all of these should be mixed thoroughly keeping over the fire. The mixture should be cooled down and filtered with new cloth and kept in an earthen jar. Resending the remedial Rasendras膩ra 厂补峁単谤补丑补 prescribes 96 grams of 痴颈岣峚峁単补, 48 gms of 艣耻诲诲丑补 vatsan膩bhi, 24 grams of Loha bhasma and 12 grams each of 艣耻诲诲丑补 笔腻谤补诲补 and 艣耻诲诲丑补 Gandhaka. Pills prepared by drying the mixture of 碍补箩箩补濒墨 with other drugs rubbed in and 产丑腻惫补苍腻 of goat鈥檚 milk. To eradicate worms, Krimik膩l膩nala rasa is given with 顿丑腻苍测补办补 and 闯墨谤补办补^[20]. Equal quantities of 艣耻诲诲丑补 笔腻谤补诲补, 艣耻诲诲丑补 Gandhaka, Indrayava, 础箩补尘辞诲腻, 艣耻诲诲丑补 惭补苍补岣ヅ沬濒补 and seeds of 笔补濒腻艣补 is recommended. The

碍补箩箩补濒墨 is then left for a day dipping in the juice of Devad膩li. If should be consumed with 艢腻濒补辫补谤峁噄, to remove worms^[21].

In proper time the patient should be given 础苍耻惫腻蝉补苍补. In the same way, the oil should be prepared with drugs like 厂补谤峁�a辫补, 础迟补蝉墨, the seed of 碍补谤补帽箩补 and seed of 碍辞峁Ｄ乼补办墨 and administered to the patient^[22].

The treatment of parasites aims to remove them in the beginning and the causative factors for the production of parasites are to be dealt with. There are three types of treatment namely elimination therapy, Alleviation therapy and Avoidance of causative factors^[23]. Apakar峁�ana, 笔谤补办峁泃颈 惫颈驳丑腻迟补 and 狈颈诲腻苍补 parivarjana -these three principles of treatment described for curing the parasite infestation are also applicable for the cure of all diseases in general^[24].

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

bh峁涐箙g膩r膩jo bh峁涐箙garajo m膩rka vo bh峁涐箙gaeva ca |
a峁単膩raka岣� ke 艣arajo bh峁涐箙g膩ra岣� ke 艣ara帽jana岣� |
bh峁涐箙gar膩ja岣� ka峁璾stiktoruk峁�o峁ａ箛a岣� kaphav膩tanut |
ke 艣yastvacya岣� k峁� mi艣v膩sak膩sa艣othamap膩峁囜笉u nut |
dantyo ras膩yano valya岣� ku峁ａ弓hanetra艣irorttijit || (叠丑腻惫补鈥揋ugucy膩divarga -1/243-245) 叠丑腻惫补prak膩艣a by 叠丑腻惫补mi艣ra Vol. I, trans. Kalishachandra Sengupta, Vaidyacarya Kalikinkara Senasharma & Ayurvedacharya Satya Shekhara Bhattyacharya (eds.), Kolkata, Deepayan, 2000, p. 229.

[2]:

K. D. Dvivedi & B. Dvivedi, Vedo峁� Me峁� 膧测耻谤惫别诲补 (Medical Science in the Vedas), Jyanapur, Visvabharati Anusandhan Parishad, 2018, pp. 181-183.

[3]:

eva峁� vi峁兣沘tibhedena k峁� maya岣�h syur诲惫颈诲丑腻 ca te |
b膩hy膩s迟补迟丑腻bhyantar膩h syuste峁�u yuk膩bahi艣car膩岣� ||
lik峁Ｄ伵沜膩nye'ntaracar膩岣� kaph膩te h峁沝ayodak膩岣� |
atr膩d膩 udar膩ve峁ａ弓膩艣cyurava艣ca mah膩guh膩岣� ||
sugandh膩 darbhakusum膩s迟补迟丑腻 rakt膩艣ca m膩tara岣� |
sauras膩 lomavidhva峁僺膩 romadv墨p膩 udumbar膩岣� ||
ke 艣膩d膩艣ca tathaiv膩nye 艣膩k峁� jj膩t膩 make ruk膩岣� |
lelih膩艣ca sal奴n膩艣ca sausur膩d膩岣� kake ruk膩岣� ||
迟补迟丑腻nya岣� kapharakt膩bhy膩峁� sa峁僯膩ta岣� sn膩yukta岣� sm峁泃a岣� |
vra峁嘺sya k峁� maya艣c膩nye vi峁�am膩 b膩hyayonaya岣� || (艢膩ra峁単. S. 鈥揑/7/14-18); 艢膩ra峁単adhara-厂补峁僪颈迟腻: A Treatise on Ayurveda by 艢膩ra峁単adhara, trans. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2017, pp. 32-33.

[4]:

vi峁兣沘tividh膩岣� krimaya岣� p奴rvamuddi峁ａ弓膩n膩n膩vidhenapravibh膩gen膩nyatrasahajebhya岣�, te puna岣� prak峁� tibhirvibhajyam膩n膩艣caturvidh膩 bhavant; 迟补诲测补迟丑腻鈥�辫耻谤墨峁�a箩腻岣�, 艣濒别峁�m补箩腻岣�, 艣辞峁噄迟补箩腻, malaj膩艣ceti || (CS. Vs-VIII.9) R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Das (ed.), Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻鈥揤ol. II, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2018, p. 198.

[5]:

k峁� mayastu 诲惫颈诲丑腻 prokt膩bahy膩bhyantarabhedata岣� ||
bahirmalakaph膩s峁沢vi峁� janmabhed膩ccaturvidh膩岣� ||
n膩mato vi峁兣沘tividh膩岣� b膩hy膩statr膩m峁沯odbhav膩岣� ||
tilapram膩峁嘺sa峁僺thanavar峁嚹佱弗 ke 艣膩mbar膩艣ray膩岣� |
bhup膩d膩艣ca s奴k峁�m膩艣ca y奴k膩lik峁Ｄ伵沜a n膩mata岣� ||
诲惫颈诲丑腻 te ko峁環api峁璱k膩ka峁囜笉奴 ga峁囜笉膩n prak奴rvate | (础峁ａ弓腻. H. 鈥�狈颈诲腻苍补sth膩na-14/42-45); 础峁ａ弓腻峁単a 贬峁沝补测补峁� of V膩gbha峁�峁璦 Vol. II, trans. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, 2018, pp. 143-144.

[6]:

Rajneesh V. Giri & Smitha Rajneesh, Synopsis on Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2019, p. 82.

[7]:

艣辞峁噄迟补箩腻n膩峁� tu khalu ku峁ａ弓hai岣� 蝉补尘腻苍补峁� 蝉补尘耻迟迟丑腻苍补峁�; 蝉迟丑补苍补峁�鈥攔aktav膩hinyo dhamanya岣�; sa峁僺thanam鈥攁峁噕o v峁泃t膩艣c膩p膩d膩艣ca, 蝉奴办峁�m补............. taduttarak膩lamupadek峁�y膩ma岣� || (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补鈥揤II.11); Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 Vol. I with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 726.

[8]:

艣濒别峁�m补箩腻岣� k峁Ｄ玶agu岣峚tilamatsy膩n奴pam膩峁僺api峁ａ弓膩nnaparam膩nnakusumbhasneh膩jir峁嘺p奴rtiklinnasa峁僰墨rnaviruddh膩s膩tmyabhojana samutth膩n膩岣�............... (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补 -VIII.12) R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Das (ed.), Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻鈥揤ol. II, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2018, p. 201.

[9]:

pur墨峁�aj膩 astulyasamutth膩n膩h 艣le峁�maja岣�; te峁Ｄ佱箖 蝉迟丑补苍补峁� 辫补办惫腻艣补测补岣�, te pravardham膩n膩stvadho visarpanti, yasya punar膩m膩艣ay膩 bhimukh膩岣� syuryadantara tadantara峁� tasyodg膩rani艣v膩s膩岣� pur墨峁�agandhina岣� syu岣�............. (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补鈥揤II.13); Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 Vol. I with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 787.

[10]:

tatr膩pakar峁�a峁嘺峁冣�攈asten膩bhag峁沨ya vim峁浥泍opakara峁嘺vat膩'panayanamanupakara峁噀na v膩; sthanagat膩n膩峁� tu krim墨峁嚹佱箖 bhe峁�ajen膩pakar峁�a峁嘺峁� ny膩yata岣�, taccaturvidha岣�; 迟补诲测补迟丑腻鈥�艣颈谤辞惫颈谤别肠补苍补峁�, 惫补尘补苍补峁�, virecanam, 膩sthapana峁� ca; ityapakar峁�a峁嘺vidhi岣� |........ (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补 -VIII.15) R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Das (ed.), Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻鈥揤ol. II, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2018, p. 203.

[11]:

athaina峁� krimiko峁ａ弓ham膩turamagre 峁�a岣峳膩 tra峁� 蝉补辫迟补谤腻迟谤补峁� v膩 snehasved膩bhy膩mupap膩dya........... par墨k峁�yavi艣e峁Ｄ乶 par墨k峁�ya samyak || (CS.  痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补鈥揤II.16); Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 Vol. I with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 728.

[12]:

m奴lakasar峁�apala艣unakara帽ja艣igrukharapu峁�p膩bh奴st峁涐箛asumukhasurasaku峁環e raga峁囜笉墨rak膩lam膩lakapar峁嚹乻ak峁�avakapha峁噄jjhak膩ni sarv膩 峁噛athav膩 yath膩l膩bha峁�?[?] t膩ny膩h峁泃膩nyabhisam墨k峁�ya kha峁囜笉a艣a艣che dayitv膩 prak峁Ｄ乴ya p膩n墨yena suprak峁Ｄ乴it膩y膩峁� sy膩ly膩峁� sam膩v膩pya gom奴tre峁嚹乺dhodake n膩bhi峁�icya s膩dhayet satatamavagha峁�峁璦yan darvy膩?[?] tamupayuktabh奴yi峁ａ弓he'mbhasi gatarasepvau峁�adhe峁�u sthal墨mavat膩rya 蝉耻辫补谤颈辫奴迟补峁� 办补峁Ｄ乱补峁� bastau vidhivad膩sthapayedena峁�?[?] 迟补迟丑腻'rk膩larka ku峁璦j膩岣峢ak墨k奴峁ａ弓hakai 岣峚ryaka峁Ｄ亂e峁嘺 v膩?[?] 迟补迟丑腻 艣颈驳谤耻辫墨濒耻办耻蝉迟耻尘产耻谤耻办补峁璾办腻蝉补谤峁�a辫补办补峁Ｄ乱别峁嘺?[?] 迟补迟丑腻''malaka艣峁涐箙gaverad膩ruharidr膩picumardaka峁Ｄ亂e峁嘺 madanaphal膩disa峁儁oge sa峁僷膩ditena trir膩tra峁� 蝉补辫迟补谤腻迟谤补峁� v膩''sthapayet || (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补 -VIII.17) R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Das (ed.), Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻鈥揤ol. II, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2018, p. 205.

[13]:

pratyagate ca pa艣cime bastau pratya艣vasta峁� tadaharevobhayatobh膩gahara峁�........... sarvavi艣e峁Ｄ乶avek峁�am膩峁噊 产丑颈峁�a办 || (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补鈥揤II.18); Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 Vol. I with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 729.

[14]:

athaina峁� samyagvirikta峁� vij帽膩y膩par膩h峁噀 艣aikharikaka峁Ｄ亂e峁嘺 sukho峁ａ箛ena pari峁�ecayet................ 肠补颈苍补尘补苍耻惫腻蝉补测别诲惫颈岣峚峁単补迟补颈濒别苍补颈- 办腻苍迟补谤补峁� dvistrirv膩 || (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补-VIII.19); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Das (ed.), Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻鈥揤ol. II, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2018, p. 206.

[15]:

yadi punarasy膩tiprav峁沝dh膩帽ch墨r峁Ｄ乨膩n krim墨n manyena 艣颈谤补syaiv膩bhisarpata岣� kad膩cit, 迟补迟补岣� 蝉苍别丑补蝉惫别诲腻产丑测腻尘补蝉测补 艣颈谤补 upap膩dya virecayedap膩m膩rgata峁囜笉ul膩din膩 艣颈谤辞惫颈谤别肠补苍补 || (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补鈥揤II.20); Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 Vol. I with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 730.

[16]:

m奴lakapar峁嚹�峁� sam奴l膩graprat膩n膩m膩h峁泃ya kha峁囜笉a艣a艣chedayitvol峁� khale k峁�odayitv膩 p膩峁噄bhy膩峁� p墨岣峚yitv膩 谤补蝉补峁� 驳峁沨峁嚹珁腻迟, tena rasena lohita艣腻濒颈ta峁囜笉ulapi峁ａ弓a峁�........... || (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补-VIII.21); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Das (ed.), Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻鈥揤ol. II, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2018, p. 207.

[17]:

ath膩艣va艣ak峁� d膩h峁泃ya mahati kili帽jake prast墨ry膩tape 艣o峁�ayitvod奴 khale............ krimiko峁ａ弓hine le岣峢奴峁� prayacche t || (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补-VIII.22); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Das (ed.), Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻鈥揤ol. II, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2018, p. 208.

[18]:

迟补迟丑腻 bhall膩tak膩sth墨ny膩h峁泃ya 办补濒补艣补pram膩峁噀na c膩pothya............ bhadrad膩rusaralak膩峁ａ弓hasneh膩nupakalpya 辫腻迟耻峁� prayacche t | (CS. 鈥摮站背灸宀圆共醭俪竽宀圆� -VII. 29-30); Baidyacharya Kalikinkar Sensarma & Ayurbedacharya Satyasekhar Bhattacharya(eds.), Caraka-Samhita鈥揤ol. I, trans. Kabiraj Jasodanandan Sirkar, Kolkata, Deepayan Publication, 2013, p. 47.

[19]:

ath膩hareti br奴y膩t鈥斉浤乺ad膩nnav膩峁僺til膩n sa峁僷adupet膩n; t膩n膩h峁泃ya suni峁�p奴t膩nni峁�p奴ya......... 艣ucau d峁涐笉he kala艣e nyasy膩nugupta峁� nidh膩payet || (CS. 鈥摮站背灸宀圆共醭俪竽宀圆光�揤II.25); Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻 Vol. I with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 732.

[20]:

惫颈岣峚峁単补峁� dvipala帽caiva vi峁�ac奴r峁嘺峁� tadarddhakam |
lauhac奴r峁嘺峁� tadarddha帽ca tadarddha 艣耻诲诲丑补p膩radam |
rasatulya峁� 艣耻诲诲丑补gandha峁� ch膩g墨dugdhena pe峁�ayat |
ch膩y膩艣u峁�k膩峁僾a峁�墨峁� k峁� tv膩 kh膩det 峁�o岣峚艣araktik膩m ||
dh膩nyaj墨r膩nup膩nena krimik膩l膩nalo rasa岣� |
udarastha峁� krimi峁� hany膩d graha峁噛ar艣a岣� samanvitam || (Ras. S. 鈥揑滨滨/Krimi 颁颈办颈迟蝉腻/1-3); Ashok D. Satpute, Rasendra 厂腻谤补 厂补峁単谤补丑补 of Sri. Gopal Krishna, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, 2009, pp. 409- 410.

[21]:

艣耻诲诲丑补s奴tamindrayavamajamod膩峁� mana岣ヅ沬l膩m |
pal膩艣ab墨ja峁� gandha帽ca devad膩ly膩 dravairdinam ||
sammardya bhak峁�ayennitya峁� 艣膩lapar峁嚹玶asai岣� saha ||
sit膩yukta峁� piv膩帽c膩ni krimip膩to bhavatyalam || (Ras. S. 鈥揑滨滨/Krimi 颁颈办颈迟蝉腻/24-25); Ashok D. Satpute, Rasendra 厂腻谤补 厂补峁単谤补丑补 of Sri. Gopal Krishna, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, 2009, p. 414.

[22]:

etenaiva ca p膩kavidhin膩 sar峁�ap膩tasikara帽jako峁Ｄ乼ak墨sneh膩nupakalpya p膩yayet sarvavi艣e峁Ｄ乶avek峁�am膩峁嘺岣� | (CS. 鈥摮站背灸宀圆共醭俪竽宀圆光�揤II.26); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻鈥揤ol. II, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 211.

[23]:

vi艣e峁�atastu svalpam膩tram膩sthapan膩nuv膩san膩nulomahara峁嘺bh奴yi峁ａ弓ha峁� te峁�vevau峁�adhe峁�u pur墨峁�aj膩n膩峁� krim墨峁嚹佱箖 cikitsita峁� kartavyam | (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补 -VII.35); Baidyacharya Kalikinkar Sensarma & Ayurbedacharya Satyasekhar Bhattacharya(eds.), Caraka-Samhita鈥揤ol. I, trans. Kabiraj Jasodanandan Sirkar, Kolkata, Deepayan Publication, 2013, p. 49.

[24]:

apakar峁�a峁嘺mev膩dau krim墨峁嚹佱箖 产丑别峁�a箩补峁� sm峁泃am |
tato 惫颈驳丑腻迟补岣� prak峁� te岣� nidanasya ca varjanam || (CS. 痴颈尘腻苍补蝉迟丑腻苍补 -VII.28); Rajneesh V. Giri & Smitha Rajneesh, Synopsis on Caraka 厂补峁僪颈迟腻, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2019, p. 83.