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Architectural data in the Puranas

by Sharda Devi | 2005 | 50,074 words

This essay studies ancient Indian architectural science as found in technical treatises and the Puranas, with special reference to the Matsya, Garuda, Agni and Bhavishya Puranas. These texts detail ancient architectural practices, covering temple and domestic designs, dimensional specifications, and construction rules. The study further connects ar...

Effects of Building

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The Matsya Purana says that on Sunday there is the fear of fire; on Tuesday death from of stroke of lightning Wednesday, Thursday and Friday bring good luck to the householder; Saturday danger from fire or bereavement or the kings displeasure. 43 The Matsya Purana further states that the building of houses is auspicious on the days of moon, on sinless yoga, an extra tithi and on days which are not connected with visti, otherwise, it is advisable to begin the column or pillar with the following stars; Asvini, Rohini, Mula, Uttarasadha, Uttara, Uttara, Phalguni, Svati, Mrigasira, Hasta and 44 Anuradha.

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201 The Matsya Purana 45 says that for building a house the following are the evil yogas: Vyaghata. Suta, Vyatipata Atigamda. The following yogas are beneficial - Viskambha, Gamda, Parigha and Vajra. The Matsya Purana also tells that the best Muhurtas to start a house building is Sveta, Maitre, Mahendra, Gamdharva, Abhijita. Rohini, Vairaja and Savitra. The Matsya Purana further says that first of all we see that the sun and moon are beneficial; and fix an auspicious lagna; then leaving all other work, fix a pillar within the ground. This is the rule to start a building What should one do before constructing a house, the Matsya Purana 46 says that the owner of land who wishes to construct a house should go at a time prescribed by the astrologer to the worthy site which has been ploughed, where sown seeds have sprouted, and where Brahmans and cows have stayed for a night, worship the deities with varieties of eatables, curds, coloured rice, fragrant flowers and incense and honour Brahmanas and architects. Then touching his head, breast, thighs or feet, according as he is a Brahmana, Ksatriya Vaisya or Sudra, the owner should draw a line on the ground. at the commencement of the construction of a house. The Matsya Purana ^7 says that if the owner draw the line with his thumb, fore-finger, middle finger with young shoot gems and gold waters, the result would be quite good On the other hand if he draw a line with nails, weapons, leather ashes burnt wood, bones of horns skulls etc. it is in auspicious. It brings in grief and calamities.

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202 The Matsya Purana 48 mentions that after entering a finished or half-finished house, the architect should carefully look for the auguries and also observe where the house-owner is standing and which part of his body is touching. If at that time a bird, heated by the sun, cries harshly, it must be predicted that there is a bone of that limb corresponding to the one touched, on the spot. At the time of observing the auguries the Matsya Purana 49 further states that if other animals like the elephant, horse and dog, scorched by the sun, cry it should be predicted that the particular spot occupies by the owner contains a bone of such an animal belonging to the limb corresponding the one touched by him. The same text 50 further notes that if at the time of stretching the measuring string or tape there be the braying of a donkey, it indicates the presence of a bone underneath. The same fault should be declared in case the string is crossed by a dog or jackal. The Matsya Purana 51 makes an interesting reading regarding the occurance of good and bad omen during the construction of the house. It remarks that if a crow be crowing not harshly in the north-east corner it shows that treasure is buried there at one of the four corners. If the string cut, while being stretched, it means the death of the owner and if the nail is curved downwards it shows that illness is in store for the owner. If at the time of digging the ground coals come out, it means the owner is to run mad and

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203 if skull comes out the owner is to get confused. If a conch is unearthed the lady of the house is to turn loose and confusion of the artisans indicates the end of the owner or of the house itself. If the pillar or the pitcher falls down the owner gets some disease in the head and if the jar be stolen the family of the owner is perished. The breaking of the vase of water means. the death of the artisan and if the computation on the fingers goes wrong it means the death of the owner. There is a fear of evil spirits in the house in which seeds and medicinal plants are destroyed. The pillars should be circumambulated from right to left otherwise there is a fear of misfortunes. The Matsya Purana 53 says that the house should not be extended in one direction only. If extension is to be made, it should be made uniformly and symmetrically in all directions. If it is to be extended towards the east it creates enmity. If it is go to the south it means death; if to the west it means the loss of wealth, if it is to the north it means misery, if to southeast it means the danger from fire. If it is to south-west it means the loss of children, if it towards the north-west it means maladies and gout; if it is to the north-east it means the loss of grain.

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