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Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study)

by A. Yamuna Devi | 2012 | 77,297 words | ISBN-13: 9788193658048

This page relates ‘Native Place of Kshirasvamin� of the study on the Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (in English) which represents a commentary on the Amarakosha of Amarasimha. These ancient texts belong the Kosha or “lexicography� category of Sanskrit literature which deals with the analysis and meaning of technical words from a variety of subjects, such as cosmology, anatomy, medicine, hygiene. The Amarakosa itself is one of the earliest of such text, dating from the 6th century A.D., while the Amarakoshodghatana is the earliest known commentary on that work.

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Native Place of ṣīr峾

The works of ṣīr峾 do not provide any information regarding the life or other activites of ṣīr峾; this has given room for much ambiguity about his native place. Scholars have different opinions about his native place and have, with some evidences suggested ṣīr峾 to have belonged to various parts of India. All these varied views are presented here:

(a) Prof. Borooah[1] in his edition of ś with ṣīr峾 's commentary opines that ṣīr峾 belonged to south India, either Maharashtra or Karnataka. This is inferred by him on the basis that�(i) ṣīr峾 refers to ʰ峦ⲹ īⲹ, śī, ٰḍa, and ʰīⲹ rather contemptuously in some places; he never refers to them with respect. So, he could not have belonged to any of these places. (ii) ṣīr峾 quotes Ჹś󲹰, a Maharashtra poet who was just gaining popularity. (iii) Also the use of ٱś words by ṣīr峾 was similar to those used by Ჹś󲹰. (iv) According to Nandargikar, a collaborator of Borooah, some of the prākṛt words like gaccha meaning tree, barbara meaning west, vardala meaning bad weather are found in northern dialects; the rest, Borooah opines might be found in southern dialects.

(b) ṣīr峾 G. Oka is of the opinion that ṣīr峾 was a native of central India. This view is based on�(i) the use of words like ʰ峦ⲹ, īⲹ, ʰīⲹ etc. by ṣīr峾 and his attachment to Ჹś󲹰 and Bhoja; (ii) the ٱś words mentioned by ṣīr峾 are found only in Hindi and other Northern dialects; (iii) ṣīr峾's name seems to be after the god Kṣīreśvara Ѳ𱹲 at Kākupāda near Kanauj and (iv) in his commentary on the Pura varga ṣīr峾 describes the well-known towns of central India. All these, according to Oka suggest strongly that ṣīr峾 was a native of central India rather than south India.

(c) Dr. Hardutt Sharma and Dr. N. G. Sardesai opine that ṣīr峾 belonged to Kashmir inferring from�(i) the title of his name ṭṭ and the benedictory verse addressed to Ś and (ii) the supporting evidence found in the work Kavikalpadruma which states that ṣīr峾 was the son of Īśvarasvāmin and a contemporary of King īḍa (1128 -1138 A.D.)

(d) Prof. Mm. ۳ܻṣṭ󾱰 Mīmāṃsak presents the following evidences for his conclusion that ṣīr峾 belonged to Kashmir�(i) the invocatory verse addressed to īśāradāyai namo Ծٲⲹ�...; (ii) the colophon at the end of ṣīrٲṅgṇ� 𲹻徱Բ�kāśmīra maṇḍalabhuva� jayasiṃhanāmni; and (iii) also that the recitors of ṻś Yajuvedis were more common in Kashmir than in any other part of India.

(e) Curiously the Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts[2] Vol. IX (pp. 3810-3811) records a new information under one entry (No. 4934) 峾ṅgԳśԲ. It says: " ṣīr峾's commentary on the ś is the earliest of the commentaries available at present. The author, it is said, was a native of Uttaramerur in the Chengalpet District. He belonged to the 11th Century A.D." ś ś, makes note of this information in his discussion on ṣīr峾, his time and place[3].

Analysing all the above factors and by the study of the commentary śǻ岵ṭaԲ, it can be concluded that ṣīr峾 was a native of central India. As already stated by Oka, ṣīr峾 is familiar with the cities in central India. Also while illustrating the word īٳ–a holy river, ṣīr峾 mentions ʰ and ʳṣk both in present Gujarat reassuring the fact that ṣīr峾 belonged to Central India.

Another observation from the study of śǻ岵ṭaԲ worth mention here is the reading of the word cikura in ܳ󲹱, cited by ṣīr峾 Though this reading of the text is found only in the commentary of Vallabhadeva, who was a Kashmirian, it does not press one to take ṣīr峾 as belonging to Kashmir; but it can be assumed that ṣīr峾 being in central India was familiar with the northern recension of the text of .

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Introduction, p. viii, Berhampore, 1887-88 (upto I. 5. 5)

[2]:

Tanjore Ѳ Serfoji's ī Mahāl Library, Tanjore, 1930.

[3]:

ṃsṛtśṅg 峾Բⲹ 貹ⲹ�, p. 85

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