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The son of 叠谤补丑尘腻.

Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i was one of the m膩nasaputras of 叠谤补丑尘腻. The m膩nasaputras were: 惭补谤墨肠颈, 础峁単颈谤补蝉, Atri, Pulastya, Pulaha, and Kratu (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 65, Verse 10).

One of the 厂补辫迟补谤峁�i蝉.

Brahma鈥檚 sons, 惭补谤墨肠颈, 础峁単颈谤补蝉, Atri, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu and 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 are known as the 厂补辫迟补谤峁�i蝉 (seven sages). (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 208).

Creator of the pracetases.

The sage 笔谤腻肠墨苍补产补谤丑颈蝉 was born in the family of Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i. Ten Pracetases (笔谤补箩腻辫补迟颈蝉) were born as the sons of this Muni. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 艢补办迟颈 Parva, Chapter 208).

Citra 艢ikha峁囜笉墨.

Among the seven Munis known as Citra 艢颈办丑补峁囜笉墨蝉, we see Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i as one of the A峁ａ弓aprak峁泃is which form the basis of the Universe.

Important events.

(1) How 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 became Atri鈥檚 son. 碍补艣测补辫补 had a son named Ka艣ipu. He was a very mighty ruler and carried on his reign in an ungodly manner. In a terrible battle which took place at that time between the Devas and Asuras Ka艣ipu was killed. 笔谤补丑濒腻诲补 became the Asura King. Then there was a battle between Indra and 笔谤补丑濒腻诲补. After six years' war, 笔谤补丑濒腻诲补 withdrew, defeated. Later 惭补丑腻产补濒颈, the son of Virocana (grandson of 笔谤补丑濒腻诲补) became emperor of Asuras. War broke out again between 惭补丑腻产补濒颈 and Indra. In this war, 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 helped Indra. The Asuras were utterly defeated. They sought refuge with 艢耻办谤补, the Asura guru. 艢耻办谤补 promised to help them. He set out to the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉 to receive a powerful mantra from 艢颈惫补. The Asuras kept waiting for 艢耻办谤补鈥檚 return.

At this stage, 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 who was the protector of Indra, came to 艢耻办谤补鈥檚 腻艣谤补尘补 and killed 艢耻办谤补鈥檚 mother, K膩vyam膩t膩. Seeing this impudence of 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻, 叠丑峁沢耻 惭补丑补谤峁�i was enraged and cursed him that he should be born many times in human wombs. It is on account of this that 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 had to take many 补惫补迟腻谤补蝉 (incarnations). It was in this way that 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 incarnated as 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补, the son of Atri. (顿别惫墨 Bh膩gavata, 4th Skandha).

Atri and 笔补谤腻艣补谤补.

It was a time when 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 and 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 were in a state of mutual ill-will. Once King 碍补濒尘腻峁�a辫腻诲补 was going about in the forest on a hunting expedition. He met 艢补办迟颈, the eldest son of 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 in the forest. The King did not respect him properly. 艢补办迟颈 transformed 碍补濒尘腻峁�a辫腻诲补 into a 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 by his curse. The 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 who was also a cannibal, first swallowed 艢补办迟颈 himself. 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 offered whatever help he could, to destroy 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补鈥檚 family. 碍补濒尘腻峁�a辫腻诲补 ate successively all the 100 sons of 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补. 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补, in great sorrow and Sakti鈥檚 wife, 础诲峁浥泍补苍迟墨 lived in an 腻艣谤补尘补. 础诲峁浥泍补苍迟墨 was pregnant at the time of 艢补办迟颈鈥檚 death. In due course she gave birth to a boy who was called 笔补谤腻艣补谤补 and who later on became the father of 痴测腻蝉补. when 笔补谤腻艣补谤补 grew up, he came to know that his father 艢补办迟颈 was eaten by the 搁腻办峁�a蝉补. Enraged at this, he started a 测补箩帽补 to annihilate the whole race of 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s. As the 测补箩帽补 gained intensity and force Atri Muni arrived there with certain other 惭补丑补谤峁�is and dissuaded 笔补谤腻艣补谤补 from the 测补箩帽补. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 181).

Atri鈥檚 dispute with Vainya.

Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i and his wife once got ready to go for Vanav膩sa. At that time the poor 惭补丑补谤峁�i鈥檚 wife was in great distress because they had no money to be distributed to their disciples and children. She requested her husband to go to King Vainya and to beg for some money. Accordingly the 惭补丑补谤峁�i visited King Vainya at his y膩ga艣膩l膩 (The shed where a y膩ga is held). He began to flatter Vainya by saying that he was the first among kings and so on. Vainya did not like it. He began to dispute with Atri. Vainya remarked that Indra was the first King. To settle the dispute they went together to 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补 Muni. 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补 sent them away reconciled. After that Vainya gave Atri much wealth. After distributing all this wealth among their sons and disciples Atri and his wife set out to the forest to perform penance.

How Atri became Sun and Moon.

Once there was a fierce battle between Devas and Asuras. Owing to the shower of arrows from the Asuras, the Sun and Moon became dim. Darkness spread everywhere. The Devas began to grope in the dark. They requested Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i to find a remedy for this. Moved by their distress, Atri suddenly transformed himself into the Sun and Moon. The Moon gave light to the Devas. The Sun burnt up the Asuras by his intense heat. Thus the Devas were saved. This story was told by 痴腻测耻 Bhagavana, to Arjuna. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 156).

Atri and King V峁涐梗膩darbhi.

In the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 we find a story about a difference of opinion between King V峁涐梗膩darbhi and some 惭补丑补谤峁�is. This story was told by 叠丑墨峁�m补 to 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 about the kind of persons from whom Brahmins may accept gifts. Once the Munis, 碍补艣测补辫补, Atri, 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补, 叠丑补谤补诲惫腻箩补, Gautama, 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补, Jamadagni, and Pa艣usakh膩, with 础谤耻苍诲丑补迟墨 and 骋补峁囜笉腻, who were the wives of two Munis, travelled round the world. Their object was to go to Brahmaloka. At that time there was drought in the world. King V峁涐梗膩darbhi, the son of 艢颈产颈, suggested that the above-mentioned Munis should be called and given wealth. They refused to accept it. V峁涐梗膩darbhi became angry. He performed Homa in 膧havan墨y膩gni and from the 补驳苍颈办耻峁囜笉补, the 搁腻办峁�a蝉墨 Y膩tudh膩n墨 (碍峁泃测腻) arose. V峁涐梗膩darbhi sent Y膩tudh膩n墨 to destroy Atri and all other Munis. As Y膩tudh膩n墨 was guarding a lotus pond in the forest, the munis led by Atri happened to come that way. The 惭补丑补谤峁�is were able to recognize Y膩tudh膩n墨. They beat her with their trida峁囜笉u (Trident or a kind of magic wand) and reduced her to ashes. After satisfying their hunger by eating the lotus flowers the 惭补丑补谤峁�is went to Brahmaloka. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 93).

Atri and 艢谤腻诲诲丑补.

There is a passage in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 in which Atri gives advice to the emperor Nimi who belonged to Atri鈥檚 family. The story of how 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 originated in the world which 叠丑墨峁�m补 had told Dharmaputra was retold by Atri. A son named 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补 was born to Atri, the son of 叠谤补丑尘腻. 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补 became King. Nimi was his son. Nimi鈥檚 son died after one thousand years. Nimi who was in deep grief at the death of his son, ordained a 艢谤腻诲诲丑补 in memory of his son. On that occasion Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i came there and explained to Nimi the importance of 艢谤腻诲诲丑补. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 91, Verses 20-44)

How 叠谤补丑尘腻, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and Mahe艣vara (艢颈惫补) were born as sons of Atri.

There is no other woman in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 who surpasses 艢墨l膩vat墨 in her fidelity to her husband. In order to enable 鲍驳谤补艣谤补惫补蝉, her husband, to satisfy his passion, she once carried him on her own shoulders to a prostitute鈥檚 house. On the way, 惭腻峁囜笉补惫测补 Muni pronounced a curse that 鲍驳谤补艣谤补惫补蝉 should die before sunrise. The grief-stricken 艢墨l膩vat墨 pronounced a counter-curse that the sun should not rise on the next day. As the sun failed to rise, the 罢谤颈尘奴谤迟颈蝉 (叠谤补丑尘腻, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 艢颈惫补), accompanied by 础苍补蝉奴测腻, Atri鈥檚 wife, went to 艢墨l膩vat墨. 础苍补蝉奴测腻 persuaded 艢墨l膩vat墨 to withdraw her curse. The 罢谤颈尘奴谤迟颈蝉 who were happy at the success of their mission (of bringing about the Sunrise) asked 础苍补蝉奴测腻 to demand any boon she wanted. 础苍补蝉奴测腻 expressed her wish that the 罢谤颈尘奴谤迟颈蝉 (叠谤补丑尘腻, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 艢颈惫补) should be born as her sons and they agreed.

惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻, under the name of 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补, was born as the son of 础苍补蝉奴测腻. 艢颈惫补 was born to her under the name of 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉. There is a story about it in the 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉a 笔耻谤腻峁嘺. Once 艢颈惫补 got angry with the Devas. They began to flee for life. But 叠谤补丑尘腻 alone did not run away. 艢颈惫补 who became more furious at this, pinched off one of the heads of 叠谤补丑尘腻. Still he was not pacified. 笔腻谤惫补迟墨 who was alarmed, approached 艢颈惫补 and begged him to suppress his anger. At her request, 艢颈惫补鈥檚 fury was transferred and deposited in 础苍补蝉奴测腻, Atri鈥檚 wife. 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 is the embodiment of that element of 艢颈惫补鈥檚 fury.

According to the promise, 叠谤补丑尘腻 also took his birth as the moon from 础苍补蝉奴测腻, the wife of Atri. (For that story, see 笔鲍搁弄搁础痴础厂). There is a story about that also in the 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉a 笔耻谤腻峁嘺. Once when 叠谤补丑尘腻 was performing the task of creation, he experienced carnal passsion. 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 was the offspring of that passion. When 叠谤补丑尘腻 saw her, he fell in love with her also. This made him feel angry towards 碍腻尘补诲别惫补. He pronounced a curse that 碍腻尘补诲别惫补 should be burnt up in the fire from 艢颈惫补鈥檚 eye. (This is why 碍腻尘补诲别惫补 was later burnt to death by 艢颈惫补). Although 碍腻尘补 had retreated from 叠谤补丑尘腻 his passion had not been suppressed. 叠谤补丑尘腻 transferred his passion to Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i. The 惭补丑补谤峁�i gave it to 础苍补蝉奴测腻, his wife. Since she was unable to bear such a violent passion, she gave it back to her husband. That passion emerged from Atri鈥檚 eye in the form of the Moon. This is why lovers experience strong passion for each other at the time of the rising of the moon. (叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉a 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Chapters 39-43).

Atri and 骋补峁単腻 顿别惫墨.

Once, while Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i was performing penance in 碍腻尘补da forest, there was a terrible drought in the country. At that time, his wife 础苍补蝉奴测腻 made a 艢颈惫补li峁単a of sand and offered worship to it. Then Atri asked her to give him a little water. There was no water anywhere. Suddenly 骋补峁単腻 顿别惫墨 appeared there and said to 础苍补蝉奴测腻: "There will be a hole here. Water will come out of it in a torrent."

Pure water began to flow from the place pointed out by 骋补峁単腻 顿别惫墨. 础苍补蝉奴测腻 begged 骋补峁単腻 顿别惫墨 to stay there for a month. 骋补峁単腻 顿别惫墨 agreed to do so on condition that 础苍补蝉奴测腻 would transfer her Tapa艣艣akti to her for one month.

Atri was pleased by drinking the water. He asked 础苍补蝉奴测腻 where she got such nice fresh water. She explained to him all matters. Atri expressed his desire to see 骋补峁単腻 顿别惫墨. She appeared before him at once. 础苍补蝉奴测腻 prayed to her that 骋补峁単腻 should continue to exist in the world always. 骋补峁単腻 顿别惫墨 answered that she would do so if 础苍补蝉奴测腻 was prepared to give her the fruit of one year鈥檚 Tapa艣艣akti and of devoted service to her husband. 础苍补蝉奴测腻 agreed to that condition. Suddenly 艢颈惫补 appeared there in the shape of a 尝颈峁単补. At the request of Atri and 础苍补蝉奴测腻 艢颈惫补 took his seat there permanently assuming the name of "Atr墨艣vara". (艢颈惫补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺).

Other Details.

1. Besides 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补, 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 and Candra. Atri had another son, 笔谤腻肠墨苍补产补谤丑颈蝉. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 208, Verse 6).

2. Many 笔腻惫补办补蝉 had been born in Atri 痴补峁兣沘. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, Vana Parva, Chapter 222, Verses 27-29).

3. When the Kaurava-笔腻峁囜笉补惫补 war was raging with great fury, many 惭补丑补谤峁�is went to 顿谤辞峁嘺 and advised him to stop the battle. Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i was one of them. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 190, Verse 35).

4. On another occasion, a King named Soma performed a 搁腻箩补蝉奴测补 (Royal sacrifice). Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i was the chief priest at this y膩ga. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 艢补濒测补 Parva, Chapter 43, Verse 47).

5. Atri was also among the 惭补丑补谤峁�is who had gone to witness 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补鈥檚 tapas. (叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉a 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Chapter 64).

6. 峁欢惫别诲补, 5th 惭补峁囜笉补濒补 was composed by Atri. (峁欢惫别诲补 厂补峁僪颈迟腻, Preface).

7. Once the Asuras put Atri 惭补丑补谤峁�i into the 艢atadv膩ra yantra (a machine of torture with a hundred holes). 峁欢惫别诲补, 1st 惭补峁囜笉补濒补, 16th Anuv膩ka, 厂奴办迟补 51).

8. Once the Asuras tried to burn Atri alive. (峁欢惫别诲补, 1st 惭补峁囜笉补濒补, 16th Anuv膩ka, 厂奴办迟补 112).

9. The Asuras at another time made Atri lie down in a machine with a large number of holes and tried to burn him alive in it. At that time he prayed to the 础艣惫颈苍蝉 and they liberated him. (峁欢惫别诲补, 1st 惭补峁囜笉补濒补, 17th Anuv膩ka, 厂奴办迟补 116).

10. Atri was among the 惭补丑补谤峁�is who visited 艢r墨 R膩ma, on his return to 础测辞诲丑测腻 after the war with 搁腻惫补峁嘺. (Uttara 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺).

11. From the navel lotus of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 叠谤补丑尘腻 was born, Atri from 叠谤补丑尘腻, Soma from Atri, and Pur奴ravas from Soma were born. (Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Chapter 12).

12. Atri begot by 础苍补蝉奴测腻, Soma, 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 and 顿补迟迟腻迟谤别测补 测辞驳墨. (Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Chapter 20).