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1. B. (V)B. PARNASAVARI. Images of Parnashavari [Parnashabari] are extremely rare, and as far as known, have not yet been illustrated. The two images described below are worshipped in two villages, within four miles of each other, in the Munsiganj Sub-Division of the Dacca district. "Parnasavari is a follower of Tara and is specially interesting on account of the apron of leaves that she wears, which, according to Mr. Grunwedel, shows that she was worshipped by the aboriginal tribes of India. One of her names is Sarva-Savaranam Bhagavati or goddess of all the

. TO FACE P. 58. (a) Tara from Khailkair. 1. B. (V) a. (b) Tara at Svamibag. 1. B. (v) a. [I] 3

Savaras (a mountaineer, a savage) and there is still a tribe in Eastern India known by that name." "She is represented turning to the left, but kneeling on her right knee. She is yellow and has three heads,-white, yellow and red, and although her expression is irritated, she is smiling. In her six hands, she holds a thunder-bolt, hatchet, arrow, bow, lasso and a branch of flowers." (Getty, P. 119). It would appear from the Sadhana quoted below that she was a popular goddess invoked against epidemic and other diseases. panasabarim haritam trimukham trinetram sarabhujam krsnagukladaksinabamanana bajraparasu saradaksinakaratrayam karlukapatracchatasa pasatarjjanibamakaratrayam sakrodha- hasitananam nabayaubanabatim sapatramala byaghracarm'manibasanamisallambodarim urd'dhasanyata- kesim adho asesarogamaripadakrantam amoghasid'dhimukutim atmanam jhatiti nispa顏峺a mantram japet o pisaci parnasabari sarbabamari prasamani hum phat鈥� sbaha | A. S. B. Mss. Fol. 161 B-162 A. Nepal Mss. Vol. II. Fol. 4 B-5 A. [The devotee should quickly conceive himself as Parnasavari who is green, with three faces, (each) having three eyes, and has six arms. Her right and left faces are black and white respectively. The three right hands hold the Vajra, the Hatchet and the Arrow. The three left hands carry the Bow, a sprig of leaves, and the Lasso held in the Tarjjani Mudra. Her faces have an irritated smile. She is in the first bloom of youth. She wears a tiger's skin with a girdle of leaves. Slightly big-bellied, with the hairs streaming up yet restrained, with Amoghasiddhi on her tiara, she treads down under her feet countless diseases and epidemics. He (the devotee) should then recite the following Mantra Mantra Om Parnasavari, the witch, the queller of all epidemics, Hum Phat Soaha.] The two images described below are in very good agreement with the Sadhana translated above.

[1. Image of Parnasavari in black stone in an excellent state of preservation, about 3'-6" high. The head of the goddess has a bend to the left, but her right leg is bent at her knee. She has three faces and the artist has acquitted himself admirably well in depicting the irritated but smiling expression of the faces. The up-streaming but restrained hairs are equally well-done. The goddess has six hands; in the three right hands, she holds Thunder-bolt, Arrow and Hatchet, and in two of the three left hands she holds a small Branch with leaves and a Bow; but the third hand has only the Tarjjani Mudra and no Lasso. The girdle of leaves restraining the dress of tiger skin is prominently depicted. The following additional features may be noticed. The goddess is slightly big-bellied, as required by the Sadhana; she is treading upon the heads of two prostrate male figures placed upon a lotus seat with heads in the opposite directions and having circular scales or small-pox marks all over their bodies. These undoubtedly personify the diseases and epidemics which the goddess is required to trample down under her feet. The god Ganesa is represented prostrate at the bottom with a shield and a sword in hand, evidently vanquished after a fight with the goddess. (Cf. the image of Trailokyavijaya, Foucher, II. p. 58-59, where the god is represented as treading on the prostrate couple Hara and his wife Gauri, pressing down the head of Hara with the left foot and the breasts of Gauri with the right. Compare also Bhrkuti Tara described above with a crawling Ganesa seat.) The Brahmanical god Hayagriva is depicted to the right of the goddess in a threatening attitude while Sitala, the Brahmanical goddess of epidemics, with a broom stick in the right hand and the winnowing basket (kulya) in the left, is departing to the left on the back of her vehicle, bh her

, (a) Parnasavari from Naynanda. 1. B. (v) b-1 (b) Parnasavari at Vajrayogini. 1. B. (v) b[ 2 ]

the donkey. The prostrate figure of Ganesa at the bottom, the flight of Sitala and the threatening attitude of Hayagriva appear to indicate the suppression of the worship of these Brahmanical deities of diseases by the introduction of that of Parnasavari. The five Dhyani Buddhas are represented at the top with Amoghasiddhi in the middle. The goddess is worshipped as Jiyas Thakurani at the village of Naynanda, P. S. Tangibadi, Dt. Dacca. 2. Image of Parnasavari in black stone, about 4 in height, discovered somewhere near the village of Vajrayogini, P. S. Munsiganj, Dt. acca and fixed by Rai Ramesa Chandra Guha Bahadur of the village to the front wall of the temple of Kali erected by him in the market place of the village. It closely resembles the image described above.]