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Vrishabha, ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹: 28 definitions

Introduction:

Vrishabha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ can be transliterated into English as Vrsabha or Vrishabha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Vrashabh.

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In Hinduism

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Wisdom Library: VÄåstu-Å›Äåstra

1) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) refers to a type of temple (±è°ùÄå²õÄå»å²¹) classified under the group named SÄåndhÄåra, according to ³§²¹³¾²¹°ùÄåá¹…g²¹á¹‡a²õÅ«³Ù°ù²¹»å³óÄå°ù²¹ chapter 56. The SÄåndhÄåra group contains twenty-five out of a sixty-four total ±è°ùÄå²õÄå»å²¹s (temples) classified under four groups in this chapter. The ³§²¹³¾²¹°ùÄåá¹…g²¹á¹‡a²õÅ«³Ù°ù²¹»å³óÄå°ù²¹ is an 11th-century encyclopedia dealing with various topics from the VÄåstuÅ›Äåstra.

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ is also listed in the ´¡²µ²Ô¾±±è³Ü°ùÄåṇa which features a list of 45 temple types. It is listed under the group named Maṇika, featuring oval-shaped temples. This list represents a classification of temples in Nort-India.

2) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³óÄå (वृषभà¤�, “cowâ€�) refers to the fifth of eight yoni (womb), according to the MÄånasÄåra. Yoni is the fourth of the Äå²âÄå»å¾±á¹£aá¸v²¹°ù²µ²¹, or “six principlesâ€� that constitute the “horoscopeâ€� of an architectural or iconographic object. Their application is intended to “verifyâ€� the measurements of the architectural and iconographic object against the dictates of astrology that lay out the conditions of auspiciousness.

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³óÄå also refers to the second of twelve °ùÄåÅ›¾± (zodiacal sign), corresponding with the “Taurusâ€� zodiac sign. RÄåÅ›i is one of the three alternative principles, besides the six Äå²âÄå»å¾±á¹£aá¸v²¹°ù²µ²¹.

The particular yoni (e.g., ±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³óÄå) and °ùÄåÅ›¾± (e.g., ±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹) of all architectural and iconographic objects (settlement, building, image) must be calculated and ascertained. This process is based on the principle of the remainder. An arithmetical formula to be used in each case is stipulated, which engages one of the basic dimensions of the object (breadth, length, or perimeter/circumference).

The first, third, fifth and seventh yonis are considered auspicious and therefore to be preferred, and the rest, inauspicious and to be avoided. All twelve °ùÄåÅ›¾±s, except the eighth (±¹á¹›Å›c¾±°ì²¹) are auspicious.

Vastushastra book cover
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Vastushastra (वासà¥à¤¤à¥à¤¶à¤¾à¤¸à¥à¤¤à¥à¤�, vÄåstuÅ›Äåstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—Son of Subala, the King of GÄåndhÄåra. He was the brother of Åšakuni. In the battle of BhÄårata, this ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹, with his five brothers, attacked IrÄåvÄån, who killed the five brothers. ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ alone escaped death. (²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 90, Stanza 33).

2) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—An asura. Ariṣṭa was another name of this asura (See under Ariṣṭa).

3) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—A YÄådava King who was the son of Anamitra. This ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ married JayantÄ«, the daughter of the King of KÄåśī. (Matsya PurÄåṇa, 45, 25-26).

4) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—A mountain near Girivraja, the capital city of Magadha. (²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹, Sa²ú³óÄå Parva, Chapter 21, Stanza 2).

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

1) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) is the name of a leader of Gaṇas (³Ò²¹á¹‡a±è²¹ or or ³Ò²¹á¹‡Äåd³ó¾±±è²¹) who came to KailÄåsa, according to the ÅšivapurÄåṇa 2.1.20.—Accordingly, “These [viz., ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹] and other leaders of Gaṇas [viz., ³Ò²¹á¹‡a±è²¹s] were all powerful (³¾²¹³óÄå²ú²¹±ô²¹) and innumerable (²¹²õ²¹á¹ƒk³ó²âÄå³Ù²¹). [...]â€�

2) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) refers to a “bullâ€� (associated with Åšiva’s form assumed by Jalandhara), according to the ÅšivapurÄåṇa 2.5.22 (“Description of Jalandhara’s Battleâ€�).—Accordingly, after Jalandhara confused Åšiva: “[...] On seeing Åšiva concentratedin the dance Jalandhara urged by lust immediately went to the place where GaurÄ« stood. He entrusted the powerful Åšumbha and NiÅ›umbha with the conduct of war. With his demonaic MÄåyÄå he assumed the form of Åšiva—with ten brawny arms, five faces, three eyes, and matted hair. He was seated on the great bull (mahÄå-±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹). In every respect, O VyÄåsa, Jalandhara appeared like Åšiva. [...]â€�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—A son of KÄårtavÄ«ryÄårjuna.*

  • * BhÄågavata-purÄåṇa IX. 23. 27.

1b) A playmate of Kṛṣṇa. Being a victor in a game was carried on his back by Bhadrasena.*

  • * BhÄågavata-purÄåṇa X. 18. 23-24.

1c) A son of Sṛṣṭi and ChÄåyÄå.*

  • * BrahmÄåṇá¸a-purÄåṇa II. 36. 98.

1d) The Asura vanquished by Kṛṣṇa.*

  • * BrahmÄåṇá¸a-purÄåṇa III. 36. 37; 73. 100; VÄåyu-purÄåṇa 98. 100.

1e) A god of the SukarmÄåṇa group.*

  • * BrahmÄåṇá¸a-purÄåṇa IV. 1. 88; VÄåyu-purÄåṇa 100. 92.

1f) A son of Anamitra, married Jayanti the daughter of the KÄåÅ›irÄåja.*

  • * Matsya-purÄåṇa 45. 25-6.

1g) A son of KuÅ›Äågra and father of PunyavÄån (PuspavÄån, Viṣṇu-purÄåṇa).*

  • * Matsya-purÄåṇa 50. 29; Viṣṇu-purÄåṇa IV. 19. 82.

1h) The Lord of cattle: dedication of a dark Vṛṣa is equal to going to GayÄå for ÅšrÄåddha.*

  • * Matsya-purÄåṇa 8. 8; 22. 6.

1i) The mountain Sumana in Plaká¹£a; to the east of Aruṇoda;1 north of the MahÄåbhadra lake.2

  • 1) VÄåyu-purÄåṇa 36. 18.
  • 2) Ib. 36. 20.
: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³óÄå (वृषभà¤�) refers to the name of a River mentioned in the ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ (cf. VI.10.31). Note: The ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ (mentioning ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³óÄå) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 Å›±ô´Ç°ì²¹²õ (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

Purana book cover
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The Purana (पà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤�, purÄåṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Kavya (poetry)

Source: Wisdom Library: KathÄåsaritsÄågara

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) or ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹parvata is the name of a mountain situated on the island NÄårikela, as mentioned in the KathÄåsaritsÄågara, chapter 54. Accordingly, as four heavenly figures said to NaravÄåhanadatta: â€�... there is in the midst of the great sea a great, prosperous and splendid island, which is called the island of NÄårikela, and is renowned in the world for its beauty. And in it there are four mountains with splendid expanses of land, named MainÄåka, ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹, Cakra and BalÄåhaka; in those four we four liveâ€�.

The KathÄåsaritsÄågara (‘ocean of streams of storyâ€�), mentioning ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince NaravÄåhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the ±¹¾±»å²âÄå»å³ó²¹°ù²¹²õ (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of GuṇÄåá¸hya’s Bá¹›hatkathÄå consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.

Kavya book cover
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Kavya (कावà¥à¤�, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetryâ€� and natya, or ‘dramatic poetryâ€�.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

: Shodhganga: Temple management in the Āgamas

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) refers to one of the eight ²¹á¹£á¹­²¹³¾²¹á¹…g²¹±ô²¹ and represents a type of “temple implement (instrument)â€� as described in the Karaṇalaká¹£aṇavidhi-paá¹­ala section of the Uttara-KÄåmikÄågama.—The instruments should be according to the particular Å›Äåstra followed at the temple. Some of the instruments mentioned are Åšaiva ²¹á¹£á¹­²¹³¾²¹á¹…g²¹±ô²¹ including [viz., ±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹].

Shaivism book cover
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Shaiva (शै�, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: Pure Bhakti: Arcana-dipika - 3rd Edition

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) corresponds to “taurusâ€� (mid May to mid June) and refers to one of the zodiac signs (°ùÄåśī) in the Vedic calendar.—RÄåśī refers to the different signs of the zodiac through which the sun travels. For precise dates, please refer to a Vedic calendar. In accordance with the zodiac sign the sun is situated in, one would utter [for example, ±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹-°ùÄåśī sthite ²ú³óÄåskare]

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Vaishnava (वैषà¥à¤£à¤µ, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnuâ€�).

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Dharmashastra (religious law)

: PrÄåcyÄå: Animals and animal products as reflected in Smá¹›ti texts

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) (or Vṛṣa, BalÄ«varda) refers to the animal “Bullockâ€� (Bos tauras).—The Smá¹›tis mention several domestic as well as wild animals that are enumerated in context of specifying expiation for killing them, the flesh being used as a dietary article to give satisfaction to the Manes (Pitá¹›s) in ÅšrÄåddha rites, the law of transmigration due to various sins committed as well as in the context of specifying gifts to be given on various occasions. These animals [viz., ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹] are chiefly mentioned in the Manusmá¹›ti, ParÄåÅ›arasmá¹›ti [Chap.6], Gautamasmá¹›ti [17.2 and 15.1], ÅšÄåtÄåtapasmá¹›ti [II.45-54], UÅ›Äånasmá¹›ti [IX.7-9; IX.12-13], YÄåjñavalkyasmá¹›ti [I.170-171; I.175; I.258- 260], Viṣṇusmá¹›ti [51.3;51.6;51.26;51.33;80.3-14], UttarÄåá¹…girasasmá¹›ti [X.15-17], PrajÄåpatismá¹›ti [ÅšrÄåddhatyÄåjyavastuvarṇanam. 138-143], 9 KÄåÅ›yapasmá¹›ti [Section on PrÄåyaÅ›cittavarṇanam], Vá¹›ddha HÄårÄ«tasmá¹›ti [6.253-255] and KÄåtyÄåyanasmá¹›ti [27.11].

Dharmashastra book cover
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Dharmashastra (धरà¥à¤®à¤¶à¤¾à¤¸à¥à¤¤à¥à¤�, dharmaÅ›Äåstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) refers to the “bullâ€� and is used to describe Åšaṃkara (i.e., Bhairava), according to the second recension of the Yogakhaṇá¸a of the ManthÄånabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess KubjikÄå.—Accordingly, as the Goddess (i.e., Khageśī) said to the God (i.e., Bhairava), “[...] Give up the ash, the matted hair and the form with five faces. Give up the bones and skull and (all) else that is artificial. Give up (the practice of ritual) gestures, the Moon and the sacred thread. Give up the bull [i.e., ±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹] and the Ganges. Give up (your) spear and the great serpent, the ascetic's staff and, O god, the garland of severed heads and the skull. Accomplishment (siddhi) (can only be found) in Kula, Kaula and the Western (transmission) of SadyojÄåta. [...]â€�.

Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाकà¥à¤�, Å›Äåkta) or Shaktism (Å›Äåktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical study

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) refers to the Bullock (Bos Taurus), according to scientific texts such as the Má¹›gapaká¹£iÅ›Äåstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birdsâ€� by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Ayurveda book cover
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Ä€yurveda (आयà¥à¤°à¥à¤µà¥‡à¤¦, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ä€yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

1) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) or simply Vṛṣa refers to the “sign of Taurusâ€�, according to the Bá¹›hatsaṃhitÄå (chapter 5), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by VarÄåhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiá¹£a).—Accordingly, “If the sun and moon should begin to be eclipsed when only half risen, deceitful men will suffer as well as sacrificial rites. [...] If the sun and moon should be eclipsed when in the sign of Aries (Meá¹£a), the PÄåñcÄålas, the Kaliá¹…gas, the SÅ«rasenas, the people of KÄåmboja, of Odra, of KirÄåta, soldiers and persons who live by fire will be afflicted with miseries. If the sun or moon should be eclipsed when in the sign of Taurus (³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹) [i.e., ±¹á¹›á¹£²¹], shepherds, cows, their owners and eminent men will suffer miseriesâ€�.

2) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) or ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹±¹Ä«³Ù³ó¾± refers to one the nine divisions of the ecliptic, according to the Bá¹›hatsaṃhitÄå (chapter 9).—Accordingly, “The ecliptic is divided into nine divisions known as VÄ«this (paths), According to some each division consists of three constellations beginning from AÅ›vini. [...] According to others the AirÄåvata VÄ«thi consists of the constellations of the three from MÄågha; [...]â€�.

3) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) or ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹giri refers to a mountain (range) belonging to “PÅ«rvÄå or PÅ«rvadeÅ›a (eastern division)â€� classified under the constellations of Ä€rdrÄå, Punarvasu and Puá¹£ya, according to the system of °­Å«°ù³¾²¹±¹¾±²ú³óÄå²µ²¹, according to the Bá¹›hatsaṃhitÄå (chapter 14).—Accordingly, “The countries of the Earth beginning from the centre of BhÄåratavará¹£a and going round the east, south-east, south, etc., are divided into 9 divisions corresponding to the 27 lunar asterisms at the rate of 3 for each division and beginning from Ká¹›ttikÄå. The constellations of Ä€rdrÄå, Punarvasu and Puá¹£ya represent the eastern division consisting of [i.e., ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹] [...]â€�.

Jyotisha book cover
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Jyotisha (जà¥à¤¯à¥‹à¤¤à¤¿à¤�, Âá²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£a or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomyâ€� or “Vedic astrologyâ€� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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General definition (in Hinduism)

: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and Subjects

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) regularly denotes a ‘bullâ€� in the Rigveda, but usually in a metaphorical sense.

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) is the name of a RÄåÅ›i (zodiac sign) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century MañjuÅ›rÄ«mÅ«lakalpa: one of the largest KriyÄå Tantras devoted to MañjuÅ›rÄ« (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from MañjuÅ›rÄ« and were taught to and by Buddha ÅšÄåkyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹).

Tibetan Buddhism book cover
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Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (±¹²¹Âá°ù²¹²âÄå²Ô²¹) are collected indepently.

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In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

1) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) is the name of an ancient Muni, according to chapter 4.1 [Å›reyÄåṃsanÄåtha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triá¹£aṣṭiÅ›alÄåkÄåpuruá¹£acaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly:—“Now, in the city PundarÄ«kiṇÄ�, the crest-jewel of East Videha, Subala was king. He ruled the earth for a long time. At the right time he became a mendicant under Muni ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹, performed penance for a long time, died, and went to an Anuttara-palaceâ€�.

2) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ), an ancient Ṛṣi, is also mentioned in chapter 4.4 [²¹²Ô²¹²Ô³Ù²¹²ÔÄå³Ù³ó²¹-³¦²¹°ù¾±³Ù°ù²¹].—Accordingly:—“Now in JambÅ«dvÄ«pa in East Videha there is a fair city, NandapurÄ«, the birth-place of great joy. [...] Noble-minded, he felt disgust with worldly existence, like a clever city-man disgusted with living in a village. He went to Ṛṣi ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹â€™s lotus-feet, pulled out his hair in five handfuls, and adopted good conduct. After cherishing good conduct like a garden bearing much fruit, he died, and became a chief-god in SahasrÄåraâ€�.

General definition book cover
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Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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India history and geography

: Ancient Buddhist Texts: Geography of Early Buddhism

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) is another name for Girivraja or Giribbaja: an ancient capital of Magadha, one of the sixteen MahÄåjanapadas of the Majjhimadesa (Middle Country) of ancient India, according to the ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹.—Early PÄåli literature abounds in information about the Magadha country, its people, and its ancient capital Giribbaja. Magadha roughly corresponds to the modern Patna and GayÄå districts of Bihar. The ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ seems to record that Girivraja was also called BÄårhadrathapura as well as MÄågadhapura and that MÄågadhapura was a well-fortified city being protected by five hills. Other names recorded in the ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ are VarÄåha, Vrishabha, Rishigiri, and Caityaka. The statement of the ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ that Girivraja was protected by five hills is strikingly confirmed by the VimÄånavatthu Commentary in which we read that the city of Giribbaja was encircled by the mountains Isigili, Vepulla, Vebhara, Paṇá¸ava and Gijjhakūṭa.

India history book cover
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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—m (S) A bull. 2 The sign Taurus.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).â€�m A bull. The sign Taurus.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—[±¹á¹›á¹£-abhac kicca UṇÄådi-sÅ«tra 3.112]

1) A bull.

2) Any male animal.

3) Anything best or eminent of its class (at the end of comp.); दà¥à¤µà¤¿à¤œà¤µà¥ƒà¤·à¤­à¤ƒ (dvija±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹á¸�) RatnÄåvalÄ« 1.5; किà¤� नासà¥à¤¤à¤¿ तà¥à¤µà¤¯à¤� सतà¥à¤¯à¤®à¤¾à¤¤à¥à¤¯à¤µà¥ƒà¤·à¤­à¥‡ यसà¥à¤®à¤¿à¤¨à¥� करोमà¤� सà¥à¤ªà¥ƒà¤¹à¤¾à¤®à¥ (kiá¹� nÄåsti tvayi satyamÄåtya±¹á¹›á¹£²¹bhe yasmin karomi spá¹›hÄåm) 4.2.

4) The sign Taurus of the zodiac.

5) A kind of drug; cf. ऋषà¤� (ṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹).

6) An elephant's ear.

7) The orifice or hollow of the ear.

8) Justice (dharma personified); ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ (Bombay) 12.43.8.

-²ú³óÄå Name of the three lunar mansions (viz. of maghÄå, pÅ«rva-phalgunÄ«, and ³Ü³Ù³Ù²¹°ù²¹-±è³ó²¹±ô²µ³Ü²ÔÄ«).

Derivable forms: ±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹á¸� (वृषभà¤�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—m.

(-²ú³ó²¹á¸�) 1. A bull. 2. (In composition,) Pre-eminent, excellent. 3. The orifice of the ear. 4. An elephant’s ear. 5. A drug; also Rishabha, decribed as a root resembling the horn of a bull, brought from the Himalaya mountains, of cooling and tonic properties, and serviceable in catarrh and consumption. 6. The first of the Jaina pontiffs of the present era. 7. Any male animal. f. (-²ú³óÄ«) 1. A widow. 2. Cowach. E. ±¹á¹›á¹£ to sprinkle, Unadi aff. abhac .

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—[±¹á¹›á¹£²¹-bha] (vb. ²ú³óÄå), I. m. 1. A bull, [±á¾±³Ù´Ç±è²¹»å±ðÅ›²¹] i. [distich] 135, M.M. (»å³Üṣṭ²¹-, A malicious bull). 2. The orifice of the ear. 3. An elephant’s ear. 4. As latter part of comp. words, Preeminent, excellent. Ii. f. ²ú³óÄ«, A widow.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ).—[adjective] manly, potent, strong; [masculine] bull, first or best of ([genetive] or —Â�), chief, lord etc.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ):—[from ±¹á¹›á¹£] mfn. (cf. ṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹) manly, mighty, vigorous, strong (applied like ±¹á¹›á¹£²¹n to animate and inanimate objects), [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda]

2) [v.s. ...] m. (ifc. f(Äå). ) a bull (in Veda epithet of various gods, as of Indra, Bá¹›has-pati, Parjanya etc.; according to, [SÄåyaṇa] = ±¹²¹°ùá¹£a²â¾±³Ùá¹�, ‘a showerer of bounties, benefactorâ€�), [Ṛg-veda] etc.

3) [v.s. ...] m. the chief, most excellent or eminent, lord or best among (in later language mostly ifc., or with [genitive case]), [ib.]

4) [v.s. ...] the zodiacal sign Taurus, [VarÄåha-mihira’s Bá¹›hat-saṃhitÄå]

5) [v.s. ...] a [particular] drug (described as a root brought from the HimÄålaya mountains, resembling the horn of a bull, of cooling and tonic properties, and serviceable in catarrh and consumption), [BhÄåvaprakÄåÅ›a]

6) [v.s. ...] the hollow or orifice of the ear, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halÄåyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] Name of Daśad-yu, [Ṛg-veda]

8) [v.s. ...] of an Asura slain by Viṣṇu, [Harivaṃśa] ([varia lectio] ṛṣ)

9) [v.s. ...] of one of the sons of the 10th Manu, [MÄårkaṇá¸eya-purÄåṇa]

10) [v.s. ...] of a warrior, [²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹]

11) [v.s. ...] of a son of KuÅ›Äågra, [Harivaṃśa] ([varia lectio] ṛṣ)

12) [v.s. ...] of a son of KÄårtavÄ«rya, [BhÄågavata-purÄåṇa]

13) [v.s. ...] (with Jainas) of the first Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇ�, [Colebrooke]

14) [v.s. ...] of a mountain in Giri-vraja, [²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹; Harivaṃśa] etc.

15) [v.s. ...] (in [astronomy]) of the 28th Muhūrta

16) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³óÄå (वृषभà¤�):—[from ±¹á¹›á¹£²¹²ú³ó²¹ > ±¹á¹›á¹£] f. Name of the three lunar mansions (viz. of MaghÄå, PÅ«rva-phalgunÄ«, and UttaraphalgunÄ«), [Viṣṇu-purÄåṇa] (cf. ±¹Ä«³Ù³ó¾±)

17) [v.s. ...] of a river, [²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ):â€�(²ú³ó²¹á¸�) 1. m. A bull; ear; 1st Jaina pontiff of this era; a drug. f. A widow, cowach. (In comp.) Excellent.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Usabha, Vasabha, Vasaha.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संसà¥à¤•ृतमà¥� (²õ²¹á¹ƒs°ìá¹›t²¹³¾), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Discover the meaning of vrishabha or vrsabha in the context of Sanskrit from relevant books on

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (वृषभ) [Also spelled vrashabh]:â€�(nm) a bull, bullock; —[°ùÄåÅ›¾±] the zodiacal sign —Taurus.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹ (ವೃಷಭ):â€�

1) [noun] an ox or bull.

2) [noun] the divine Bull, the vehicle of Åšiva.

3) [noun] (fig.) that which is most excellent one in its class; the best of its kind.

4) [noun] Manmatha, the Love-God.

5) [noun] the male of any animal.

6) [noun] the plant Adhatoda vasica ( = Justicia adhatoda) of Acanthaceae family.

7) [noun] the plant Boerhaavia diffusa ( = B. procumbens, = B. repens) of Nyctaginaceae family.

8) [noun] the plant Salvinia cucullata of Salviniaceae family.

9) [noun] the plant Mucuna prurita ( = M. puriens) of Papilionaceae family.

10) [noun] the system or code of morals of a particular person, religion, group, profession, etc.; ethics; 11 (jain.) ³Õṛṣ²¹²ú³ó²¹nÄåtha, the first spiritual teacher of Jainism.

11) [noun] (archit.) a type of twelve-cubit wide building which has one storey, one turret and is round; 13 ) (astrol.) the second sign of the zodiac; the Taurus.

12) [noun] a kind of aromatic substance.

13) [noun] the ear of an elephant.

14) [noun] name of a mountain.

15) [noun] (jain.) a white ox.

16) [noun] (pros.) a kind of alliteration, in which the vowel 'ಅಂ [am]' (the nasal sound) is preceding the consonant used as alliteration.

17) [noun] (mus.) the second of the seven musical notes in any musical scale.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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