Upamana, 鲍辫补尘腻苍补: 27 definitions
Introduction:
Upamana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Upman.
In Hinduism
Shilpashastra (iconography)
: Google Books: The Theory of Citrasutras in Indian Painting鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (one of the six types of measurement (尘腻苍补)) is the meassurement of the inter-spaces, that is the width of the navel, the interval between the two thighs or the two big toes.
: Shodhganga: The significance of the m奴la-beras (艣颈濒辫补)鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�) refers to the 鈥渟pace between the limbs鈥� and represents a type of measurement, as defined in the texts dealing with 艣颈濒辫补 (arts and crafs), known as 艣颈濒辫补艣膩stras.鈥擳he measurements described in Sanskrit authorities are altogether of six kinds: 尘腻苍补 (the proper height of the icon), pra尘腻苍补 (the breadth), un尘腻苍补 (thickness), 辫补谤颈尘腻峁嘺 (the circumference), upa尘腻苍补 (the space between the limbs) and lamba尘腻苍补 (surface of the image).
Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣颈濒辫补艣膩stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Wisdom Library: V膩stu-艣膩stra鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�):鈥擮ne of the 鈥渟ix iconographic measurements鈥�, according to the M膩nas膩ra (sanskrit literary treatise on 惫腻蝉迟耻-艣腻蝉迟谤补, or, 鈥榓rchitectural science鈥�). The measurement unit is used in the process of procuring/securing the height of the principal image and secondary images. Breadth, circumference, and other dimensions are derived from the height using rules of proportion.
Vastushastra (啶掂ぞ啶膏啶む啶多ぞ啶膏啶む啶�, v膩stu艣膩stra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Arthashastra (politics and welfare)
: Wisdom Library: Artha艣膩stra鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥渟imile鈥� and is the name of a yukti, or 鈥榯echnical division鈥�, according to which the contents of the Artha艣膩stra by C膩峁嘺kya are grouped. C膩峁嘺kya (4th-century BCE), aka Kau峁璱lya, was the chief minister of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the famous Maurya Empire.
Arthashastra (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶多ぞ啶膏啶む啶�, artha艣膩stra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�).鈥擲tandard of comparison. The word is found in the P膩峁噄nis奴tra 啶夃お啶ぞ啶ㄠぞ啶ㄠた 啶膏ぞ啶ぞ啶ㄠ啶さ啶氞え啷堗 (upa尘腻n膩ni s膩尘腻nyavacanai岣�) P.II.I.55 where the K膩艣ik膩v峁泃ti explains it as 啶夃お啶啶い啷囙そ啶ㄠ啶ㄠ啶む啶啶ぎ啶距え啶 啷� (upam墨yate'nenetyupa尘腻苍补m |)
Vyakarana (啶掂啶ぞ啶曕ぐ啶�, vy膩办补谤补峁嘺) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Nyaya (school of philosophy)
: Shodhganga: A study of Ny膩ya-vai艣e峁ka categories鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�, 鈥渃omparison鈥�) refers to the third of the four 鈥渕eans of valid knowledge鈥� (辫谤补尘腻峁嘺), which in turn is classified as the first of the sixteen 辫补诲腻谤迟丑补蝉 (鈥渃补迟别驳辞谤颈别蝉鈥�), according to Gautama鈥檚 2nd-century Ny膩yas奴tra (verse 1.1.3). 鲍辫补尘腻苍补 can be stated as the source of knowledge of the relation between a name and the nameable object or between a word and its denotation. A person, who has never seen a gavaya (wild cow) and does not know the meaning of the word gavaya, learns from a forester that 鈥榓 gavaya is like a cow鈥�. This statement is technically known as 补迟颈诲别艣补惫腻办测补. When this person sees a gavaya in the forest, he first observes the similarity of the creature with a cow and then remembers the statement of the forester that a gavaya is like a cow. Then he comes to have the final knowledge that this animal is what is denoted by the word gavaya. This is upamiti. Here the instrument (办补谤补峁嘺) of upamiti is the knowledge of similarity and the remembrance of the statement of the forester serves as the operative cause (惫测腻辫腻谤补) for an upamiti.
According to Ny膩ya, upa尘腻苍补 is a way of knowing the denotation of words and solving the problem of identification. The Vai艣e峁ka does not accept upa尘腻苍补 as an independent source of knowledge. Pra艣astap膩da holds it to be a case of inference. The M墨尘腻峁僺akas recognize it as a separate source of valid knowledge, but their account of it is different from Ny膩ya.
Nyaya (啶ㄠ啶ぞ啶�, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.
Ayurveda (science of life)
: Ancient Science of Life: A review on 峋箁ogya Rak峁Ｄ� Kalpadruma岣�鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�) refers to the process of 鈥渟etting up of analogous models and assays鈥� and is used to look for evidence in Ayurvedic products.鈥擺...] It is to be recognized that Ayurvedic ingredients and products are multi-component and known to work on multiple organs/targets in the body concurrently. Innovations in clinical research and clinical trials are required to test efficacy of Ayurvedic products. [...] An eminent medical pharmacologist who later researched into Ayurveda and its products, Dr. Ashok D B Vaidya, in a lecture, cites different modes of evidence namely [... viz., setting up of analogous models and assays (upa尘腻苍补), ...].
: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�):鈥擺upa尘腻苍补m] Analogy ; one of the tools of examination or investigstion
膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
General definition (in Hinduism)
: WikiPedia: Hinduism鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�, 鈥渃omparison鈥�), which can be roughly translated as comparison is the knowledge of the relationship between a word and the object denoted by the word. It is produced by the knowledge of resemblance or similarity, given some pre-description of the new object beforehand.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�, 鈥渕etamorphosis鈥�) represents a set of ten observances that form part of the 19th quality of the Bodhisattvas accompanying the Buddha at 搁腻箩补驳峁沨补 on the 骋峁沝丑谤补办奴峁璦辫补谤惫补迟补. They accepted the non-existence of dharmas according to the 2nd century Mah膩praj帽膩p膩ramit膩艣膩stra chapter 11.
Accordingly, these Bodhisattvas accept that dharmas are like:
- A magic show (尘腻测腻)
- A a mirage (尘补谤墨肠颈)
- The moon reflected in water (udakacandra)
- Space (腻办腻艣补)
- An echo (辫谤补迟颈艣谤耻迟办腻)
- A city of the Gandharvas
- A dream (svapna)
- A shadow (肠丑腻测腻)
- A reflection (bimba) in a mirror (腻诲补谤艣补)
- A metamorphosis (苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺)
Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryupa尘腻苍补 : (nt.) simile; parable; comparison.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary鲍辫补尘腻苍补, (nt.) (fr. upa + 尘腻) comparison, the 2nd part of the comparison J. V, 341; VvA. 13. (Page 145)
Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav膩da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryupa尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�).鈥攏 (S) An illustration; an object or a matter adduced in illustration. 2 One of the four kinds of evidence;--that of analogy.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishupa尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�).鈥�n An illustration. An object advanced in illustration.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�).鈥�
1) Comparison, resemblance; 啶溹ぞ啶むぞ啶膏啶むう啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啷嬥ぐ啷佮お啶ぞ啶ㄠが啶距す啷嵿く啶距 (j膩t膩stad奴rvorupa尘腻苍补b膩hy膩岣�) Ku尘腻rasambhava 1.36.
2) The standard of comparison, that with which anything is compared; one of the four requisites of an 啶夃お啶ぞ (upa尘腻); 啶夃お啶ぞ啶ㄠぎ啶啶︵啶掂た啶侧ぞ啶膏た啶ㄠぞ啶� (upa尘腻苍补mam奴dvil膩sin膩峁�) Ku尘腻rasambhava 4.5; 啶夃お啶ぞ啶ㄠじ啷嵿く啶距お啶� 啶膏啷� 啶啶班い啷嵿く啷佮お啶ぞ啶ㄠ 啶掂お啷佮じ啷嵿い啶膏啶ぞ啶� (upa尘腻苍补sy膩pi sakhe pratyupa尘腻苍补峁� vapustasy膩岣�) V.2.3; 艢i艣up膩lavadha 2.49.
3) (In Ny膩ya Phil.) Analogy, recognition of likeness, considered as one of the four kinds of 辫谤补尘腻峁嘺s or means of arriving at correct knowledge. It is defined as 啶啶班じ啶苦う啷嵿ぇ啶膏ぞ啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啷嵿く啶距い啷� 啶膏ぞ啶о啶じ啶距ぇ啶ㄠぎ啷� (prasiddhas膩dharmy膩t s膩dhyas膩dhanam); or 啶夃お啶た啶むた啶曕ぐ啶�- 啶啶ぎ啶距え啶� 啶む啷嵿 啶膏ぞ啶︵啶多啶啷嵿啶距え啶距い啷嵿ぎ啶曕ぎ啷� (upamiti办补谤补峁嘺- mupa尘腻苍补峁� tacca s膩d峁浥泍aj帽膩n膩tmakam) Tarka. K. 啶むえ啷嵿え 啶掂た啶多啶掂じ啶ㄠ啶 啶掂 啶班ぞ啶曕啶粪じ啶距え啶距 啶班ぃ啶距啶苦ぐ啷� 啷� 啶忇い啷囙え啷堗さ啷嬥お啶ぞ啶ㄠ啶� 啶ㄠた啶む啶 啶溹た啶灌啶ぞ 啶灌た 啶班ぞ啶曕啶粪じ啶距 (tanna vi艣vasan墨ya峁� vo r膩k峁s膩n膩峁� ra峁嚹乯ire | etenaivopa尘腻nena nitya峁� jih尘腻 hi r膩k峁s膩岣�) || R膩m.6. 5.54.
4) A particle of comparison.
Derivable forms: upa尘腻苍补m (啶夃お啶ぞ啶ㄠぎ啷�).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�).鈥�(Pali Upav膩峁嘺), name of a monk: MPS 35.1.
--- OR ---
鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�).鈥擺 (-vardhana), see uyate.]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�).鈥攏.
(-苍补峁�) See upa尘腻.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�).鈥攊. e. upa-尘腻 + ana, n. 1. Comparison (the third 辫谤补尘腻峁嘺), Bh膩峁Ｄ乸. 139. 2. Likeness, [Ku尘腻rasa峁僢hava, (ed. Stenzler.)] 4, 5. 3. An image, [Vikramorva艣墨, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 22.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�).鈥擺neuter] comparison, simile, [especially] that with which a thing is compared, [opposed] upameya ([rhetorie]); adj. 鈥斅� = upa尘腻 adj.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�):鈥擺=upa-尘腻苍补] [from upa-尘腻] n. comparison, resemblance, analogy, [Mah膩bh膩rata; Su艣ruta; Kath膩sarits膩gara] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] simile
3) [v.s. ...] the object with which anything is compared, [P膩峁噄ni; S膩hitya-darpa峁嘺; Ku尘腻ra-sambhava] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] a particle of comparison, [Nirukta, by Y膩ska]
5) [v.s. ...] (in [logic]) recognition of likeness, comparison (the third of the four Pra尘腻峁嘺s or means of correct knowledge)
6) [v.s. ...] mfn. (ifc.) similar, like, [Kath膩sarits膩gara]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�):鈥擺upa-尘腻苍补] (苍补峁�) 1. n. Resemblance.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Uva尘腻峁嘺.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�) [Also spelled upman]:鈥�(nm) the object of comparison as '[kamala]' in [mukhakamala] —lotus like face. (cf. [upameya]).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (嗖夃勃嗖簿嗖�):鈥�
1) [noun] the state, fact or quality of resembling; similarity; resemblance.
2) [noun] the standard of comparison, with which anything is compared.
3) [noun] the likening of one thing to another on the basis of some similarity between the two, (which is considered as one of the four ways of substantiating an argument, in philosophy); analogy.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary鲍辫补尘腻苍补 (啶夃お啶ぞ啶�):鈥攏. 1. Rhet. an object of comparison; 2. comparison; similarity;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Yu, Upa, Mana.
Starts with: Upamanabhava, Upamanacintamani, Upamanadhammakatha, Upamanagamya, Upamanakara, Upamanakhanda, Upamanam, Upamanapubbapada, Upamanarakitam, Upamanasiddha, Upamanata, Upamanatva, Upamanavant, Upamanavat, Upamanopameyabhava, Upamanuttarapada.
Full-text (+88): Pratyupamana, Upamanacintamani, Upamanata, Upamanatva, Upamanopameyabhava, Upamanadhammakatha, Pramana, Purnopama, Upamanavat, Vyatireka, Upamanabhava, Upamanapubbapada, Uvamanam, Upameya, Upamanam, Upamanakara, Upamanakhanda, Malopama, Upman, Ananvaya.
Relevant text
Search found 102 books and stories containing Upamana, 鲍辫补尘腻苍补, Upa-mana, Upa-尘腻苍补, Upmana, Up尘腻苍补, Upa-ma-yu, Upa-尘腻-yu; (plurals include: Upamanas, 鲍辫补尘腻苍补s, manas, 尘腻苍补s, Upmanas, Up尘腻苍补s, yus). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
An exploratory study of pramana from sushruta samhita w.s.r to upamana pramana < [2022: Volume 11, October special issue 14]
Pratyaksha pramana and its importance in ayurveda < [2020: Volume 9, March issue 3]
Critical analysis of upamana pramana as a diagnostic tool < [2019: Volume 8, August issue 9]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada D膩sa)
Text 10.48 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 11.20 < [Chapter 11 - Additional Ornaments]
Text 10.9 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Alamkaras mentioned by Vamana (by Pratim Bhattacharya)
1: Definition of Upa尘腻 Ala峁僰膩ra < [Chapter 4 - Arth膩la峁僰膩ras mentioned by V膩mana]
26: Definition of 膧k峁pa Ala峁僰膩ra < [Chapter 4 - Arth膩la峁僰膩ras mentioned by V膩mana]
1: The early traces of Sanskrit Rhetoric < [Chapter 2 - The concept of ala峁僰膩ra in Sanskrit Poetics]
International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
Literary utility of aupamya in charaka samhitha < [2015, Issue XII December]
A conceptual study of upamana pramana as in nyaya darshana and its application in ayurveda < [2018, Issue II, february,]
A review on concept of pramana in nyaya darshana and charak samhita < [2023, Issue 12, December]
Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari (by K. A. Subramania Iyer)
Verse 3.14.373 < [Book 3 - Pada-k膩峁囜笉a (14): V峁泃ti-samudde艣a (On Ccomplex Formation)]
Verse 3.14.387 < [Book 3 - Pada-k膩峁囜笉a (14): V峁泃ti-samudde艣a (On Ccomplex Formation)]
Verse 3.14.602 < [Book 3 - Pada-k膩峁囜笉a (14): V峁泃ti-samudde艣a (On Ccomplex Formation)]
Mudrarakshasa (literary study) (by Antara Chakravarty)
3.4. Use of Upa尘腻-ala峁僰膩ra < [Chapter 3 - Use of Ala峁僰膩ras in Mudr膩r膩k峁sa]
3.15. Use of Vyatireka-ala峁僰膩ra < [Chapter 3 - Use of Ala峁僰膩ras in Mudr膩r膩k峁sa]
3.8. Use of Ati艣ayokti-ala峁僰膩ra < [Chapter 3 - Use of Ala峁僰膩ras in Mudr膩r膩k峁sa]
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