Jangala, ṅg, ṅg, Jamgala: 30 definitions
Introduction:
Jangala means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
: WorldCat: Rāj nighṇṭuṅg (जाङ्गल, “dry�) or ṅgś refers to “dry land� and represents one of the three classifications of “land� (ś), as defined in the first chapter (ū徱-) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). Accordingly, “contrary to ānūpa, the dry land [ṅg-ś] is fertile for Mudga (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) or Leguminous grains and rice and barley type of grains. It is a warm and good land capable of increasing 辱ٳٲ-ṣa and the adaptability of its inhabitants, who may be free from passion. The cows and goats of such a a land yield more milk. Its wells contain sufficient water�.
Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)
: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval Indiaṅg (जाङ्गल) refers to “forest water� and is classified as terrestial type of water (jala) according to the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (ⲹṇāgṇa-첹ٳԲ), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as 첹śٰ or 첹첹.—Different types of water (jala) and their properties are mentioned here [viz., in Ჹ-첹ṇa]. The water is classified into two as celestial and terrestrial ones. Terrestrial waters are classified into three [viz., forest originated (ṅg)].
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyṅg (दे�, “forest�):—One of the six types of habitats (ś).—These geographical habitats are divided according to their ūٲ. ṅg has a predominance of Vāta. Skilled physicians should account for the nature of the habitat when treating a patient. The word is used throughout Ayurvedic (India medicine) literature such as the 䲹첹-ṃh and the śܳٲ-ṃh.
: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)ṅg (जाङ्गल) refers to �(water from) the jungle�, as mentioned in verse 5.13-14 of the ṣṭṅgṛdⲹṃh (Sūtrasthāna) by 岵ṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] as concerns (water from) wells, ponds [viz., ṅg: ṅgū貹śٲ�], etc., one should know (if it comes) from jungle, swamp, or rock. No water or, in case of incapability, little (is) to be drunk by those suffering from weak digestion and visceral induration (and) by those suffering from jaundice, abdominal swellings, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, dysentery, and cutaneous swellings. Except in autumn and summer, even a healthy man shall drink only little�.

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopediaṅg (जाङ्गल).—A country in ancient India. (Ѳٲ Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 9, Stanza 56).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Indexṅg (जाङ्गल).�(c) a kingdom of Madhyaś and a tribe.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 16. 40; Vāyu-purāṇa 45. 109; Matsya-purāṇa 114. 34.
ṅg (जाङ्गल) is a name mentioned in the Ѳٲ (cf. V.53.7) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Ѳٲ (mentioning ṅg) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 śǰ첹 (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

The Purana (पुरा�, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Śaivismṅg (त्रिसन्ध�) is a Sanskrit word referring to one of the sixty-eight places hosting a ⲹܱṅg, one of the most sacred of ṅg according to the Ś岵. The presiding deity residing over the ṅg in this place (ṅg) is named Kapardi. The list of sixty-eight ⲹܱṅgs is found in the commentary of the ṇo-岹ś첹 by Nigamajñānadeva. The word ṅg refers to a symbol used in the worship of Śiva and is used thoughout Śaiva literature, such as the sacred Āgamas.

Shaiva (शै�, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra1) ṅg (जाङ्गल) (distinguished by the city Ahicchatra) refers to one of the 25½ countries of the ṣeٰⲹ, situated in the “middle world� (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.3 [ᾱٲٳ-ٰ] of Hemacandra’s 11th century հṣaṣṭśܰṣaٰ (“lives of the 63 illustrious persons�): a Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three important persons in Jainism.
Accordingly:—“In these 35 zones on this side of Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, men arise by birth; [...]. From the division into Āryas and Mlecchas they are two-fold. The Āryas have sub-divisions [e.g., ṣeٰ (country)]. [...] The ṣeٰⲹ are born in the 15 Karmabhumis. Here in Bharata they have 25½ places of origin (e.g., ṅg), distinguishable by cities (e.g., Ahicchatra) in which the birth of Tīrthakṛts, Cakrabhṛts, Kṛṣṇas, and Balas takes place�.
2) ṅg (जाङ्गल) is the name of an ancient kingdom, according to chapter 4.2 [ܱūⲹ-ٰ].—Accordingly, as Vasupūjya and Jayā spoke to Vāsupūjya, “All the existing kings, among men and the Vidyādharas, who are of good family, capable, heroic, wealthy, famous, possessing the fourfold army, known for guarding their subjects, free from blemish, faithful to engagements, always devoted to dharma, in Madhyaś, Vatsaś, [...] and also [... the ṅgs, ...] and other realms in the north. [...] These now, son, beg us constantly through messengers, who are sent bearing valuable gifts, to give their daughters to you. [...]�.

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossaryṅg.�(IA 18), cf. s-ānūpa-ṅg, an epithet of the gift land; either ‘arid� or ‘covered with jungle�. Note: ṅg is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English DictionaryᲹṅg : (nt.) jungle; a sandy and waterless place.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionaryṅg, (nt.) a rough, sandy & waterless place, jungle A. V, 21; J. IV, 71; VvA. 338. Cp. ujᲹṅg. (Page 277)
: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary1) Ჹṅg (ဇင်္ဂ�) [(ti) (တ�)]�
Ჹṅg+ṇa
ဇĄĺĹĂ�+®
2) Ჹṅg (ဇင်္ဂ�) [(pu,na) (ပု၊�)]�
[jala+gala+a.gala cavanādhopatanādanesu.jala� galati etthaç jalena vā galanti etthāti Ჹṅglo,nijjalo deso,...lassa lopoç niggahītāgamo ca�,ṭī.182.ja+gala+a.atha vā ]]jo vegike]]ti ekakkharakose vuttattā Ჹṅgloti ettha jakāro vegike (sīghagamane) hoti.tasmā pathikāna� janāna� ja� vega� java� galati hāyati pādaphoṭādibhāvena etthāti Ჹṅglo.sūci.]
[ဇ�+ဂ�+အ။ ဂ� စဝနာဓောပတနာဒနေသု။ ဇလ� ဂလတ� ဧတ္�,ဇလေ� ဝ� ဂလန္တ� ဧတ္ထာတ� ဇင်္ဂလော၊ နိဇ္ဇလေ� ဒေသော၊...လ� လောပေ�,နိဂ္ဂဟီတာဂမေ� စ။ ဓာန်၊ဋီ။၁၈၂။�+ဂ�+အ။ အ� ဝ� "ဇေ� ဝေဂိကေ"တ� ဧကက္ခရကောသ� ဝုတ္တတ္တ� ဇင်္ဂလောတ� ဧတ္� ဇကာရေ� ဝေဂိက� (သီဃဂမန�) ဟောတိ။ တသ္မ� ပထိကာန� ဇနာန� ဇ� ဝေဂ� ဇဝ� ဂလတ� ဟာယတ� ပါဒဖောဋာဒိဘာဝေ� ဧတ္ထာတ� ဇင်္ဂလော။ သူစိ။]

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English DictionaryᲹṅg (जंगल).—m ( P) Verdigrise.
--- OR ---
Ჹṅg (जंगल).—n (S) A forest or wood: also a waste, wild, drear, desert place gen. Pr.Ჹṅgcā vārā gharacā bhārā. ja�0 ṇĸ To go amongst the bushes (to ease nature), i. e. to go anywhere for this purpose.
--- OR ---
Ჹṅg (जंगल).—a C Wasted and worn with age--man or animal.
--- OR ---
Ჹṅg (जंगल).—f A ploughshare.
--- OR ---
Ჹṅglā (जंगल�).—m A particular 岵ṇ�. See 岵.
--- OR ---
Ჹṅglā (जंगल�).—m ( P) Verdigrise.
--- OR ---
Ჹṅgāla (जंगा�).—m () Verdigrise.
--- OR ---
ṅg (जांग�).—f Linking together &c. See ṅgḍa Sig. III.
--- OR ---
jṅgalā (जांगला) [or जांगळा, jṅgaḷā].—a (Ჹṅg) A contemptuous or careless epithet for an European.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-EnglishᲹṅg (जंगल).�n A forest or wood; also a waste wild, desert place. m Verdigris. p Wasted and worn with age.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryṅg (जङ्ग�).�a. [gal-ya�-ac pṛṣo°] Desert, waste.
-�, -lam Flesh, meat.
-lam 1 A desert, dreary ground, waste land.
2) A thicket, forest.
3) A secluded or unfrequented place.
--- OR ---
ṅg (जङ्गाल).—A ridge of earth running along the edge of a field to collect water and to form a passage over it, land-mark.
Derivable forms: Ჹṅg� (जङ्गाल�).
--- OR ---
ṅg (जाङ्गल).�a., (-ī f.) [जङ्गले भव� जङ्गलप्राय� वा अण� (Ჹṅgle bhava� Ჹṅgprāyo vā �)]
1) Rural, picturesque.
2) Wild.
3) Savage, barbarous.
4) Arid, desert.
-� The francoline partridge.
-lam Flesh, flesh of deer &c.; Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 5.5.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionaryṅg (जङ्ग�).�m. (Sanskrit Lex. and Pali id., according to [Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary] nt., which its citations do not prove; Ჹṅglāni Jātaka (Pali) iv.71.1 is an adj.), wild place, jungle: khānayet kūpa Ჹṅgle ṇḍī첹 235.11 (verse); ujᲹṅglo ca Ჹṅglo Ѳ屹ٳ ii.207.5, 8 (treated as n. pr. (proper name) by Senart, Index).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionaryṅg (जङ्ग�).—mfn.
(-�-lā-�) Desert, solitary, waste, jungle, wild, &c. n.
(-�) Flesh. E. Ჹṅg for Ჹṅgma moveable, and la what brings, or takes, i. e. appertaining to moveable beings, as beasts birds, &c. gala-ya�-ac pṛṣodarāditvāt .
--- OR ---
ṅg (जङ्गाल).—m.
(-�) A land mark, a limit, a boundary, a ridge of earth running along the edge of a field for collecting water and forming a passage over it. E. Ჹṅg locomotion, and la what makes, � prefixed, with the sense of limitation. gama-ya� luk vā ḍa . Ჹṅg� kuṭilagati� alati vārayati al � .
--- OR ---
ṅg (जाङ्गल).—mfn.
(-�-ī-�) 1. Rural, picturesque, diversified with hill, vale, wood, and water, (country) 2. Wild, jangali, barbarous, savage. 3. Wild, (not tame, as an animal, &c.) m.
(-�) The francoline partridge. f. (-ī) Cowach, (Carpopogon pruriens.) n.
(-�) 1. Flesh 2. Game, the flesh of deer, &c. E. Ჹṅg a wilderness, and � aff. Ჹṅgle bhava� Ჹṅgprāyo vā .
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionaryṅg (जङ्ग�).—[Ჹṅgl + a] (frequentat. of gal? cf. glai), adj. Dry, desert.
--- OR ---
ṅg (जाङ्गल).—i. e. Ჹṅg + a, I. adj. 1. Dry, even and productive (country), [Բśٰ] 7, 69. 2. Existing in such a country, [śܳٲ] 1, 184, 12. 3. Belonging to game which lives in such a country, [śܳٲ] 1, 72, 2. Ii. n. Game, [śܳٲ] 2, 342, 21. Iii. m. pl. The name of a people, Ѳٲ 5, 2127.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionaryṅg (जाङ्गल).—[adjective] arid, level, fertile (land); living in such a country. [masculine] a kind of partridge; [neuter] deer, game.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) ṅg (जङ्ग�):�mfn. arid, sterile, desert, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) m. = -patha, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) meat, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) n. idem
5) = gula, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) cf. ī-, jṅg.
7) ṅg (जङ्गाल):�m. a dyke, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) ṅg (जाङ्गल):�mfn. ([from] Ჹṅg) arid, sparingly grown with trees and plants (though not unfertile; covered with jungle, [Horace H. Wilson]), [Manu-smṛti vii, 69; Yājñavalkya i, 320; śܳٲ] etc.
9) found or existing in a jungly district (water, wood, deer), [śܳٲ]
10) made of arid wood, coming from wild deer[, i, iii; Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmṇi i, 5, 375]
11) wild, not tame, [Horace H. Wilson]
12) savage, [Horace H. Wilson]
13) m. the francoline partridge, [Siṃhāsana-dvātriṃśikā or vikramāditya-caritra, jaina recension xxvi, 2]
14) Name of a man, [Śatruṃjaya-māhātmya x, 138 ff.]
15) [plural] Name of a people, [Ѳٲ v, 2127; vi, 346 and 364] (cf. kuru-)
16) n. venison, [śܳٲ]
17) meat, [Bālarāmāyṇa iii, 3]
18) for gula q.v.
19) cf. ṛṣi-jṅgalikī.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) ṅg (जङ्ग�):—[(la�-lā-�) a.] Desert. n. Flesh.
2) ṅg (जङ्गाल):�(�) 1. m. A landmark, a boundary; a mound.
3) ṅg (जाङ्गल):—[(la�-ī-�) a.] Rural, picturesque, wild, woody. m. Francoline partridge. f. Cowach. n. Flesh.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)ṅg (जङ्ग�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: ṃg, ṃg.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryṃg (जंगल) [Also spelled jungle]:�(nm) a forest, wood; wilderness; —[me� maṃgala] a paradise in wilderness; —[me� mora nācā kisane dekhā] wood in a wilderness, moss in a mountain and wit in a poor man’s breast are little thought of.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryṃg (जंगल) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: ṅg.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusṃg (ಜಂಗಲ):�
1) [noun] = ಜಂಗಲ� [jamgal]2 - 1.
2) [noun] a tract of land having little or no vegetation; barren land.
--- OR ---
Jaṃgaḷa (ಜಂಗಳ):�
1) [noun] the quality or fact of being not tight or giving more room than required (said of clothing); looseness.
2) [noun] a pouring down of something.
3) [noun] a falling down.
4) [noun] a loose clothing.
--- OR ---
Jaṃgāla (ಜಂಗಾ�):—[noun] the greenish blue colour a basic copper carbonate pigment consisting of ground azurite; blue verditer.
--- OR ---
Jāṃgala (ಜಾಂಗ�):�
1) [adjective] lacking enough water for things to grow; dry and barren; lost water (by way of draining); drained.
2) [adjective] uncivilised; savage; barbarous; cruel.
--- OR ---
Jāṃgala (ಜಾಂಗ�):�
1) [noun] excessively dry area; a region lacking water and having little or no vegetation.
2) [noun] an uncivilised, barbarous human being; a savage.
3) [noun] the flesh of animals used as food; meat; mutton.
4) [noun] the bird francolin partridge.
--- OR ---
Jāṃgaḷa (ಜಾಂಗ�):—[adjective] = ಜಾಂಗ� [jamgala]1.
--- OR ---
Jāṃgaḷa (ಜಾಂಗ�):—[noun] = ಜಾಂಗ� [jamgala]2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) ṅg (जङ्ग�):—n. jungle; forest; woods; wild and uninhabited region;
2) ṅg (जाङ्गल):—adj. 1. pertaining to a forest; 2. found in a forest;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Jangala, A, Jala, Gala, Na.
Starts with: Jamgalambari, Jangalacari, Jangalacimani, Jangaladesavasi, Jangaladesha, Jangalagaraka, Jangalakharada, Jangalamriga, Jangalapala, Jangalapatha, Jangalapathika, Jangalapishita, Jangalata, Jangalavasi, Jangalavasina, Jankalam, Jankalan.
Full-text (+55): Kurujangala, Dirghajangala, Laghujangala, Ujjangala, Rishijangala, Jangaladesha, Jangalapatha, Narajangala, Kurukurujangala, Jangalavasi, Jangalacari, Kajangala, Jamgala-jamaune-kama, Jamgala-tayara-parne-kama, Jangali, Jankalam, Kaurujangala, Jangalapathika, S-anupa-jangala, Jamgal.
Relevant text
Search found 57 books and stories containing Jangala, Jala-gala-a, Jamgala, ṃg, Jaṃgaḷa, Jaṃgāla, Jāṃgala, Jāṃgaḷa, ṅg, ṅg, Jaṅgalā, ṅg, Jṅgalā, Jaṅgaḷa, Jṅgaḷa, Jangala-na, ṅg-ṇa; (plurals include: Jangalas, as, Jamgalas, ṃgs, Jaṃgaḷas, Jaṃgālas, Jāṃgalas, Jāṃgaḷas, ṅgs, ṅgs, Jaṅgalās, ṅgs, Jṅgalās, Jaṅgaḷas, Jṅgaḷas, nas, ṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 7.67-69 < [Section V - The Ambassador (dūta)]
Philosophy of Charaka-samhita (by Asokan. G)
Time and space [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 3 - Fundamental Theories]
International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
Systematic review of ś as a nidāna of madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) - a meta-analysis study < [2023, Issue 09. September]
A summary on medicinal plants of jangala desha with respect to indian arid zone < [2023, Issue 09. September]
Charkokta mamsavarga - an elaborative study < [2019, Issue 6, June]
Samrajya Lakshmi Pithika (Study) (by Artatrana Sarangi)
Description of Forest-forts (vana-durga) < [Chapter 5 - Forts, Castrametation and the Royal Army]
Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)