Ardhasama, Ardha-sama: 8 definitions
Introduction:
Ardhasama means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: N膩峁瓂a-艣膩straArdhasama (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぇ啶膏ぎ, 鈥渟emi-even鈥�) refers to a class syllabic metres (惫峁泃迟补), of which the first and third 辫腻诲补蝉 (鈥榝eet鈥�) are different from the second and fourth, according to the N膩峁瓂a艣膩stra chapter 15.
Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)
: Journal of the University of Bombay Volume V: Apabhramsa metres (2)Ardhasama (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぇ啶膏ぎ) or Antarasama refers to a type of 肠补迟耻峁补诲颈 metres (as popularly employed by the Apabhra峁兣沘 bards), as discussed in books such as the Chandonu艣膩sana, Kavidarpa峁嘺, V峁泃taj膩tisamuccaya and Svayambh奴chandas.鈥擳he Ardhasama-肠补迟耻峁补诲颈s or the Antarasama-肠补迟耻峁补诲颈s as they are properly called by Svayambh奴 and Hemacandra also play an important role in Apabhra峁兣沘 poetry. They are however generally employed for Lyrics and Dhrupadas. The peculiarity of these 肠补迟耻峁补诲颈s is that, though the 1st and the 3rd 辫腻诲补蝉 are equal and similar, yet they are not rhymed and on that account, they have often the look of a Dvipadi. It is probably for this reason, that the Apabhra峁兣沘 metricians do not usually mention the Dvipadis of medium length. They define on the one hand, the shorter Dvipadis containing from 4 to 12 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in their lines, and then on the other, the longer ones having from 27 to 44 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in a line. They indeed theoretically admit the possibility of the Dvipadis of intermediate length, but the actual practice of the bards seems to treat such ones as Antarasama-肠补迟耻峁补诲颈s. Thus for example, a Dvipadi containing 24 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in its line, may actually be considered as an Antarasama-肠补迟耻峁补诲颈, having 7 & 17 or 8 & 16, or 9 & 15, or 10 & 14, or 11 & 13, (or the reverse of this)鈥�尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in its odd and even lines respectively.
It is laid down by Hemacandra that the odd lines of the Antarasama-肠补迟耻峁补诲颈s must contain from 7 to 16 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in them, while the even ones must have from 8 to 17 only. See also Kavidarpa峁嘺 II.29 commentary (p. 40) and Svayambh奴chandas VI.1ff. This means that the two lines of each half of the Antarasama-肠补迟耻峁补诲颈s may contain from 15 to 33 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in them together. Even this leaves some possibility of a confusion between a Dvipadi with 27 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in a line and a 肠补迟耻峁补诲颈 whose halves contain as many 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in them. The same also applies to Dvipadis with 28 to 33 尘腻迟谤腻蝉; for we have seen above that such Dvipadis were quite common and in vogue along with the Antarasama-肠补迟耻峁补诲颈s whose halves contained from 28 to 33 尘腻迟谤腻蝉.
The Antarasama-肠补迟耻峁补诲颈s are said to be 110 in number, according as they contain from 7 to 16 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in their odd lines and from 8 to 17 尘腻迟谤腻蝉 in the even ones or vice versa. No special 尘腻迟谤腻-驳补峁嘺蝉 are prescribed for their formation and every one of these is given a separate name. That these names are based on a pretty old tradition is evident from the fact that though Hemacandra and Svayambh奴 at times differ from each other, they normally give the same names. Both Hemacandra and Svayambh奴 must have borrowed them from the older metricians, whose existence cannot be doubted.
Chandas (啶涏え啷嵿う啶膏) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.
Gitashastra (science of music)
: Shodhganga: Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (gita)Ardhasama (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぇ啶膏ぎ) refers to one of the three types of 骋墨迟补办补 [i.e., sama, ardhasama and 惫颈峁尘补].鈥擺Cf. Sa峁単墨tan膩r膩ya峁嘺, Vol. I, p.310]鈥擶hen all four 辫腻诲补蝉 have equal number if 尘腻迟谤补蝉, it is known as sama. When the first and third 辫腻诲补蝉 are equal and the second and fourth are equal, it is ardhasama, and when the four 辫腻诲补蝉 have different number if 尘腻迟谤补蝉 it is 惫颈峁尘补-g墨taka.
Gitashastra (啶椸啶むざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 驳墨迟补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryArdhasama (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぇ啶膏ぎ).鈥�a. equal to a half.
-mam Name of a class of metres in which the 1st and 3rd and 2nd and 4th lines have the same syllables and Ga峁嘺s; such as 啶啶粪啶た啶むぞ啶椸啶班ぞ (辫耻峁颈迟腻驳谤腻).
Ardhasama is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms ardha and sama (啶膏ぎ).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English DictionaryArdhasama (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぇ啶膏ぎ):鈥擺=ardha-sama] mfn. 鈥榟alf equal鈥�, Name of metres, in which the first and third and the second and fourth P膩das are equal
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusArdhasama (嗖呧舶喑嵿钵嗖膏伯):鈥擺noun] = 嗖呧舶喑嵿钵嗖膏伯嗖掂硟嗖む硩嗖� [ardhasamavritta].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Ardhasamamuktavali, Ardhasamasya, Ardhasamavritta.
Full-text (+47): Ardhasamamuktavali, Shikha, Ullopyaka, Ovenaka, Rovindaka, Aparantaka, Madraka, Prakari, Antarasama, Uttara, Vishama, Sama, Gitaka, Kshudragita, Bhramaradhavala, Amaradhavala, Candrodyotaka, Udgitaka, Pancananalalita, Malayamaruta.
Relevant text
Search found 11 books and stories containing Ardhasama, Ardha-sama; (plurals include: Ardhasamas, samas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study) (by Padma Sugavanam)
Kohala and G墨t膩 (12): Musical Compositions < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
Dramaturgy in the Venisamhara (by Debi Prasad Namasudra)
V峁泃tas (syllabic metres) < [Chapter 4 - Dramaturgy in Ve峁嚹玸a峁僪膩ra]
Narada Purana (English translation) (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 57 - The Description of Prosody (Candas) < [Part 2 - Dvit墨ya-p膩da]
4. The Ved膩峁単as in the N膩rada Pur膩峁嘺 (chapters 50-57) < [Introduction]
Malatimadhava (study) (by Jintu Moni Dutta)
Part 6.1 - Definition of Chandas (metres) < [Chapter 2 - Literary Study of the M膩lat墨m膩dhava]
A Review of Chhanda (Meters) Found in Ashtanga Hridaya < [Volume 10, Issue 3: May-June 2023]