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Significance of Garland

In various traditions, the term Garland encompasses decorative wreaths or chains crafted from flowers and leaves, symbolizing blessings, respect, and devotion. In Vaishnavism, garlands are significant during worship and celebrations, enhancing the atmosphere of kirtana. They are considered tokens of honor and love, particularly in rituals and marriages. Moreover, in historical and cultural contexts, garlands embody affection, with associations in rituals among Brahmanas and symbolic offerings in romance, showcasing their rich significance across diverse spiritual practices.1
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Synonyms: Wreath, Crown, Decoration, Drapery, Ornament, String

In Malay: Garland; In Dutch: Guirlande; In French: Guirlande; In Finnish: Seppele; In Spanish: Guirnalda; In German: Girlande; In Swedish: Krans

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Garland'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, "Garland" symbolizes both beauty and ethical conduct鈥攆lowers worn by the Exalted One represent adornment while decorative offerings from monks to families may signify moral shortcomings, reflecting dual meanings in spiritual practice.

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Mahavastu (great story)

(1) Flowers strung together, which were provided to the Exalted One for adornment.[1]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks鈥� rules)

(1) Decorations made by the monks, which they delivered to reputable families, often symbolizing their unethical conduct.[2]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Hindu concept of 'Garland'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, garlands symbolize honor, respect, and devotion, used in rituals, marriage ceremonies, and worship. They are decorative floral arrangements worn or presented to deities and signify acceptance and love in spiritual practices.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) Floral decorations associated with Lord Jagannatha, used to adorn the devotees.[3] (2) Floral decorations worn as necklaces during the kirtana, enhancing the celebratory and devotional ambiance.[4] (3) A decorative wreath or chain worn on the head or around the neck, which Nityananda put on.[5] (4) Decorative wreaths made of flowers or leaves, mentioned as items being distributed without discretion.[6] (5) Garlands refer to decorative wreaths or bands that are typically made of flowers or leaves, given by the Lord as a blessing.[7]

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) A circular arrangement of flowers, used in worship and as a symbol of respect in spiritual traditions.[8]

From: Prem Sagar (English translation)

(1) A symbol of acceptance and love, used during the marriage ceremony when the wives choose Krishna.[9]

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) Garlands are decorative items made of flowers that were carried by the participants as a token of respect or celebration.[10]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) Decorative items worn by Brahmanas, signifying honor and respect during the rituals.[11]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy):
Natyashastra Books

From: Natyashastra (English)

(1) Decorative items that come in various forms like encircling, knotted, or hung-down to be used in costumes.[12]

Natyashastra refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

The concept of Garland in local and regional sources

History Books

Garland signifies multiple connections within the text: decorative items crafted by the old woman symbolizing familial ties, flower arrangements sold to the Raja, and a romantic offering representing love and affection in various contexts.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Folklore of the Santal Parganas

(1) Decorative items made by the old woman in the Jogi鈥檚 garden, signifying the connection to the boy's mother and the unfolding of key events.[13] (2) A flower arrangement sold by the daughters to the Raja.[14]

From: Triveni Journal

(1) A symbolic offering often used to signify love and affection, especially in romantic contexts.[15]

Plural form: Garlands.