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Significance of Distress

According to various philosophical and spiritual traditions, distress encompasses a range of emotional pain and suffering, often arising from separation, personal loss, or challenging circumstances. In Vaishnavism, distress reflects the profound emotional turmoil experienced by devotees, illustrating their attachment to Shri Krishna and one another. This state of suffering can catalyze deeper meditation on divine matters and highlight the difficulty faced by individuals in maintaining faith amid trials. Distress is identified as both a catalyst for spiritual growth and a challenge to overcome.1
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Synonyms: Suffering, Anxiety, Anguish, Pain, Discomfort, Trouble, Strain, Pressure, Hardship, Adversity, Torment, Stress, Affliction, Misery

In German: Not; In Dutch: Angst; In Finnish: 贬盲迟盲; In Spanish: Angustia; In Malay: Kesengsaraan; In Swedish: 狈枚诲; In French: 顿茅迟谤别蝉蝉别

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Distress'

Buddhism Books

In Buddhism, Distress symbolizes a deep emotional turmoil, exemplified by the nun's cries for help, reflecting a profound need for compassion and support amidst suffering. This highlights the interconnectedness of individual experiences and communal empathy.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Vinaya Pitaka (2): Bhikkhuni-vibhanga (the analysis of Nun鈥� rules)

(1) The emotional state of the nun, particularly characterized by her cries for help during the incident.[1]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Hindu concept of 'Distress'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, distress encapsulates various forms of suffering, including emotional pain, spiritual turmoil, and physical hardship. It reflects burdens faced by devotees and their deep connection to Krishna, often prompting meditation or requests for assistance.

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Chaitanya Bhagavata

(1) Refers to the emotional or spiritual suffering experienced by the speaker.[2] (2) A state of emotional suffering or pain that affects the devotees.[3] (3) The emotional state experienced by Shrivasa Pandita upon realizing he could not understand the real meaning of the scripture.[4] (4) A state of great emotional suffering or turmoil that the Vaishnavas experienced.[5] (5) A state of emotional suffering or anxiety that Vishvarupa is experiencing.[6]

From: Garga Samhita (English)

(1) A state of suffering or anguish which is alleviated through the singing of Krishna's glories.[7] (2) A state of suffering or discomfort, indicating a severe impact or stress.[8] (3) Refers to a state of emotional pain or difficulty that Radha experienced before hearing Narada鈥檚 words.[9] (4) A term used to describe the state of anxiety or trouble that the gopas are experiencing.[10] (5) An emotional suffering that Radha is experiencing, which Uddhava commits to conveying to Krishna even without her writing.[11]

From: Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary)

(1) Distress is the emotional suffering that Shri Kunti-devi feels, equated with that of a grieving person, prompted by her mixed feelings towards Shri Krishna.[12] (2) Challenging situations faced by the vraja-vasis, during which their adherence to Shri Krishna's orders becomes even more critical.[13] (3) The emotional pain and suffering felt by the speaker, particularly related to separation and heartache.[14] (4) The state of despair experienced by the vraja-vasis and gopis upon receiving the message that shatters their remaining hope.[15]

From: Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu

(1) Personal suffering and emotional pain that, according to the text, are not recognized by a devotee overwhelmed by love for the Lord.[16] (2) A state of suffering or emotional pain that is mentioned as the starting point for the gopis' actions leading to meditation on Krishna.[17]

From: Bhajana-Rahasya

(1) Identified as shoka, it is one of the negative experiences engendered by the six enemies.[18]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) The suffering experienced by the subjects, specifically women, children, and the old, under Yudhishthira's rule.[19] (2) The sense of anguish and suffering experienced by Yudhishthira and the brothers throughout their trials.[20] (3) The situation Devayani found herself in before Yayati helped her by taking hold of her hand.[21] (4) A state of hardship or suffering that might justify asking for help or support from the king.[22]

From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri)

(1) The emotional suffering experienced by Trishanku after his transformation and loss of status.[23] (2) A state of emotional suffering characterized by anguish or grief.[24] (3) A state of emotional suffering, particularly observed in characters affected by loss.[25]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law):
Dharmashastra Books

From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi

(1) A state of needing food that justifies cooking for oneself, contrary to the usual injunctions against such actions.[26] (2) A situation of suffering or difficulty, particularly in the context of not having food to offer.[27] (3) The state referenced in previous verses that leads to the consideration of obtaining alternative offspring due to failure to have a natural heir.[28]

From: Bharadvaja-srauta-sutra

(1) An emotional state that may necessitate the performance of the expiation-rite.[29]

Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Significance in Yoga (school of philosophy):
Yoga Books

From: Yoga-sutras (with Bhoja鈥檚 Rajamartanda)

(1) Distress (daurmanasya) is the agitation of the mind proceeding from external or internal causes.[30]

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as asanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja)

(1) A state of suffering or trouble that may compel even the knowledgeable to act outside of their usual dietary restrictions.[31]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology):
Jyotisha Books

From: Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology

(1) Distress is a concept in the text associated with the eighth house, referring to a state of suffering, anxiety, or hardship that can be experienced by an individual.[32]

Jyotisha (啶溹啶啶むた啶�, jyotisha or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

The concept of Distress in local and regional sources

History Books

Distress in this context encompasses the discomfort felt by dishonest peddlers due to Bhanudas's unexpected success and the suffering experienced by Jagamitra and his family during a devastating fire.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Bhaktavijaya: Stories of Indian Saints

(1) The state of suffering and trouble experienced by Jagamitra and his family during the fire.[33] (2) The state of discomfort experienced by the dishonest peddlers due to the unintended success of Bhanudas.[34]

The concept of Distress in scientific sources

Science Books

Distress is a form of negative stress that negatively impacts mental health, potentially resulting in various health complications. It highlights the importance of managing stress to maintain overall well-being.

Significance in Scientific journals, articles, etc.:

From: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences

(1) A factor within the two-factor solution, which is a domain being measured by the Malay PSS-10-C, and it demonstrated a better model fit.[35] (2) Distress is a negative form of stress that exceeds coping abilities and can lead to behavioral, psychological, and physical problems.[36]

This section includes scientific research in the field of healthcare, often involving traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Holistic health. It includes papers from scientific journals classified as either original, clinical or experimental research, review articles or case reports.