Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Concept of swapna and its process in ayurveda prospective
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Dr. Hari Krishna Shriwas, Dr. Smt. Gunvanti Ratre and Dr. Rupendra Chandrakar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Concept of swapna and its process in ayurveda prospective
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20199-15176
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the concept of "Swapna," or dreams, within the framework of Ayurveda, emphasizing their significance in understanding the human body and mind. Dreams are explored as vital physiological and psychological phenomena that influence a person's health and overall well-being. Scholars of Ayurveda aim to delve deeper into the components and processes of dreaming, considering aspects like Manas (mind) and Atma (soul), which play essential roles in the dream process. The authors highlight the necessity of elaborating on these concepts for practical applications in contemporary Ayurvedic practices.
The Process of Swapna Utpatti
The process of Swapna Utpatti, or the genesis of dreams, is characterized by the combination of various components, including Sarira (body), Indriya (senses), Sattva (consciousness), and Atma. Among these, Manas and Atma are identified as the primary factors directing dream formation, while Indriya and Sarira serve as accessory factors that indirectly influence dreams. The text distinguishes between two types of dreams: Prakrta Swapna (normal physiology) and Vaikrta Swapna (abnormality). Prakrta Swapna indicates typical, pleasant experiences without adverse effects, while Vaikrta Swapna reflects abnormalities or forewarnings of negative events.
Types of Swapna
The article categorizes dreams into several distinct types, highlighting the nature of their manifestations and implications. Drsta and Sruta Swapna refer to dreams that represent seen or heard experiences from waking life, whereas Anubhuta Swapna conveys more complex processes tied to previous experiences. Additionally, Prarthita Swapna embodies wished-for fulfillments that the dreamer desires but recognizes are difficult to achieve. In contrast, Kalpita Swapna emerges from hypothesized wishes that are believed to be achievable, while Bhavika Swapna aligns with future occurrences or health-related insights perceived in dreams. Each type underscores how personal experiences, desires, and neurological processes contribute to the diverse spectrum of dream content.
Dosaja Swapna and Its Significance
Dosaja Swapna, deeply rooted in Ayurveda's principles, reflects the physical and mental conditions of an individual, influenced by the dominant doshas in the body. These dreams can reveal insights into a person’s constitution and are venerated for their diagnostic utility in assessing physiological states and determining diseases. The article emphasizes how dreams can potentially forecast various health concerns and signify changes in the dosha balance, which can assist practitioners in making informed decisions about treatment and patient care.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Swapna is presented as a crucial physiological process inherent in all individuals, serving as a unique lens for understanding health and disease from an Ayurvedic perspective. The concepts surrounding dreams, once integral to clinical practice, remain relevant today for diagnosing and prognosing health conditions as well as guiding preventive measures. The ongoing exploration of dreams within Ayurveda proposes an enhanced methodology for maintaining well-being and comprehending the intricate relationships between mind, body, and spirit.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What does the word 'Swapna' mean in Ayurveda?
'Swapna' is derived from a Dhatu meaning loss of touch or ignorance, as it signifies a state where Jnana or Indriyartha Sannikarsa is absent, thus described as one of the four Avidyas in Vaisesika Darsana.
What are the two main types of Swapna?
The two main types of Swapna are Prakrta Swapna, which denote normal physiology without unfavorable effects, and Vaikrta Swapna, which represent abnormalities or unpleasant occurrences in the body.
How does Prakrta Swapna manifest?
Prakrta Swapna occurs when a person is healthy, with minimal physiological vitiation. During sleep, the Indriyas withdraw focus from external stimuli and concentrate on the Manas, allowing for normal psychic manifestations.
What role do Manas and Atma play in Swapna?
Manas and Atma are crucial in the genesis of Swapna. While Manas actively participates in dream formation, Atma initiates the process, influencing the content and nature of dreams.
What is the significance of dreams in Ayurveda?
Dreams provide insight into an individual's physical constitution and mental status. They can also indicate pathological conditions and assist in the diagnosis and assessment of diseases, highlighting the importance for Ayurvedic scholars.
How were Swapna concepts used in ancient clinical practice?
In ancient times, concepts of Swapna were essential for diagnosing and prognosticating diseases, and were used alongside various health maintenance practices, making them a valuable tool in Ayurveda.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Concept of swapna and its process in ayurveda prospective�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Manas (Mano, Manash):
The concept of 'Manas' in Ayurveda refers to the mind or the cognitive aspect of an individual, which plays a crucial role in the dream process. It perceives and processes sensory information, influencing both waking thoughts and dreams. Understanding Manas provides insights into mental health and physiological behaviors in the context of Ayurveda.
2) Mana:
'Mana' generally refers to the mental faculties or the mind's ability to think, perceive, and process experiences. In Ayurveda, it is integral to understanding human cognition and emotional responses. The connection between Mana and dreams illustrates how consciousness operates both in wakefulness and the dream state.
3) Indriya (Imdriya):
'Indriyas' is the plural form of Indriya, encompassing all the sensory faculties. They are essential for perception and cognition in both waking and dream states. In Ayurveda, the interplay between Indriyas and the Manas reveals how mental states can be influenced by physical sensations and experiences.
4) Smriti (Smrti):
The term 'Smrti' refers to memory, which is fundamental to the formation of dreams in Ayurveda. It involves the recollection of past experiences and impressions that inform the content of dreams and is influenced by earlier sensory inputs and mental processing.
5) Dosha (Dosa):
'Dosha' symbolizes the biological energies that govern bodily functions in Ayurveda. Dreams reflecting doshic states provide insights into an individual's health and wellness, helping practitioners understand physical and psychological attributes.
6) Vishaya (Visaya):
The term 'Visaya' means objects of sense perception. In the context of dreams, it describes the content that the Manas experiences during sleep. Understanding Visaya helps interpret how dreams are manifestations of waking life experiences and cognitive processes.
7) Atman (Atma):
'Atma' refers to the soul or the self, central to consciousness in Ayurvedic philosophy. It is believed to influence the mind and experiences both in wakefulness and sleep. The Atma is crucial for understanding the deeper aspects of dreaming and individual existence.
8) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
'Ayurveda' is an ancient Indian system of medicine focused on holistic health. It emphasizes the interconnection between body, mind, and spirit, which includes the study of dreams and their implications for health and wellness, making it significant for diagnosis and treatment.
9) Buddhi:
'Buddhi' represents intelligence or the intellect. In Ayurvedic context, it plays a role in decision-making and discernment both in waking life and during dreams. The configuration of Buddhi can influence the clarity and relevance of dream experiences for individuals.
10) Raja:
'Raja' refers to the quality of passion or activity in Ayurvedic psychology. It is one of the three Gunas (qualities) that influences mental processes and behavior. Raja has implications in dreams as it can dictate the content, intensity, and emotional tone of dream experiences.
11) Prakrita (Prakrta):
'Prakrita' signifies the natural state of being, free from imbalances. In the context of dreams, it indicates those dreams arising from a harmonious physiological state, reflecting the overall health and well-being of the individual.
12) Prakriti (Prakrti):
'Prakriti' signifies an individual's natural constitution influenced by doshas. Understanding one's Prakriti is crucial in Ayurveda for diagnostic purposes and may also manifest in dream content, reflecting the balance of energies.
13) Rajas:
'Rajas' is the plural form of 'Raja,' referring to the active quality associated with mental processes. Elevated Rajas can lead to more vivid or emotional dream experiences. It emphasizes the importance of mental activity in shaping dream content and expression.
14) Mahabhuta (Maha-bhuta):
'Mahabhutas' are the five great elements in Ayurveda (earth, water, fire, air, space) that constitute all matter. These elements are foundational in understanding health and disease, and they influence dreams by shaping the physical and mental experiences of individuals.
15) Sharira (Sarira):
'Sarira' means the physical body, which in Ayurveda, is linked to both health and disease. The state of the Sarira influences dreams, as physical health can affect mental states and dream patterns, providing insights into the interplay between mind and body.
16) Drishta (Drsta):
'Drsta' refers to what is seen or perceived. In the context of dreams, it relates to the visual experiences drawn from past sights that influence dream content. Both seen and perceived experiences contribute significantly to the manifestation of dreams.
17) Siddhanta (Siddha-anta, Siddhamta):
'Siddhanta' refers to established principles or doctrines in Ayurveda. These doctrines guide the understanding of complex phenomena such as dreams. They provide a theoretical framework for interpreting dreams concerning health and individual constitution.
18) Knowledge:
'Knowledge' encompasses the awareness and understanding gained through experience or learning. In Ayurvedic practice, understanding dreams contributes to diagnostic skills, providing insights into a person's health, constitution, and emotional state.
19) Kalpita:
'Kalpita' refers to the imaginary or conceptual aspects created in the mind. In dreams, Kalpita reflects the mind's ability to visualize scenarios or experiences based on prior knowledge or aspirations, giving rise to rich dream narratives.
20) Disease:
'Disease' in Ayurveda signifies imbalances in the body's doshic constitution. Dreams may serve as indicators of such imbalances, providing clues to the underlying health conditions that can assist practitioners in determining necessary treatments.
21) Vicara:
'Vicara' refers to deliberation or contemplation. In the context of dreams, it signifies the mental process occurring during sleep as the mind processes experiences and thoughts, resulting in the dream narrative that can reflect wakeful concerns.
22) Sukshma (Suksma, Shukshma):
'Suksma' refers to subtle or refined aspects of existence. In Ayurveda, it denotes the subtle body elements that can influence experiences and dreams. Understanding the Suksma aspect allows for deeper interpretations of dreams beyond physical manifestations.
23) Doshaja (Dosha-ja, Dosaja):
'Dosaja' pertains to the influence of doshas on dream experiences. These dreams may reflect the state of an individual's doshic balance and offer insights into their physical and mental health. Awareness of Dosaja can aid in diagnosing individual health issues through dreams.
24) Artha:
'Artha' means meaning or purpose. In dreams, Artha reflects the significance attributed to dream content. Recognizing the implications of Artha can help unravel the meanings behind specific dreams and their relevance to an individual’s life circumstances.
25) Iccha:
The term 'Iccha' refers to desire or will. In the dreaming context, it represents aspirations or wishes that may manifest as dreams. Understanding Iccha provides insight into personal motivations and unfulfilled desires that influence dream content.
26) Hand:
'Hand' may refer to the physical aspect associated with bodily experiences. In dreams, physical actions or sensations, such as the use of hands, can significantly shape dream narratives, reflecting the individual's interactions with their environment.
27) Life:
'Life' signifies existence, encompassing both physical and psychological dimensions. In dreams, life experiences, challenges, and aspirations are intertwined, enabling introspection and revealing underlying emotional states connected to real-life scenarios.
28) Human body:
The term 'Human body' pertains to the physical form that houses consciousness. In Ayurveda, the condition of the human body impacts mental states and dream experiences, linking physical wellness directly to psychological well-being.
29) Adhishthana (Adhisthana):
'Adhisthana' refers to the seat or base of sensory perception. In dreams, the relationship between Adhisthana and sensory input is pivotal as it denotes how physical positions or stimuli can affect the content and quality of dream experiences.
30) Purvarupa (Purva-rupa):
'Purvarupa' signifies the preliminary state or antecedent form. In dreams, it indicates how prior experiences or conditions may manifest in the current dream narrative, revealing the historical context that shapes individual dreams.
31) Vitiation (Vitiated):
'Vitiation' refers to the alteration or impairment of normal physiological or psychological processes. In Ayurveda, vitiation can indicate disease or imbalance, which may be reflected in dreams as disturbing or discordant imagery.
32) Relative:
'Relative' pertains to the interconnectedness of aspects within Ayurveda. Understanding the relationships between various components allows for better interpretation of dreams and insights into how personal experiences and health influence each other.
33) Samhita:
'Samhita' refers to collections or compilations of Ayurvedic texts that provide foundational knowledge. They include insights into dreams and their importance in establishing health practices and assessments in Ayurveda.
34) Samyoga:
'Samyoga' means union or conjunction. In Ayurveda, it signifies the coming together of different elements or factors, crucial for understanding how various components influence the manifestation of dreams and health.
35) Vibhaga:
'Vibhaga' refers to division or separation. In the context of Ayurveda, it is essential for understanding how various factors contribute to health and disease. In dreams, Vibhaga can help in interpreting the distinct elements within the dream narratives.
36) Lakshana (Laksana):
'Laksana' denotes characteristics or signs. In Ayurvedic practice, recognizing the Laksana of dreams helps practitioners diagnose and assess physical or psychological conditions based on the specific qualities of the dream experiences.
37) Krishna (Krsna):
'Krishna' refers to Lord Krishna, an important figure in Indian philosophy. His teachings highlight the interplay between reality, dreams, and spiritual wisdom, providing depth to the understanding of the relationship between dreams and life.
38) Science (Scientific):
'Science' refers to systematic knowledge gained through study and experimentation. In the context of Ayurveda, the scientific study of dreams contributes to understanding human health by revealing the connections between dreams, consciousness, and physical health.
39) Vikara:
'Vikara' refers to disease or alteration of health. In Ayurvedic traditions, analyzing dreams is crucial for diagnosing Vikara, since they can manifest symptoms or mental states influenced by physical ailments.
40) Acarya:
'Acaryas' denotes revered teachers and scholars in Ayurveda who impart knowledge about the principles, including those surrounding the mind, body, and dream interpretations, shaping the foundational understanding of these concepts in practice.
41) Arishta (Arista):
'Arista' denotes the signs of impending or serious illness in Ayurveda. Dreams that reflect Arista may carry warnings about health issues, making this aspect crucial for diagnosing potential diseases through dream analysis.
42) Dhatu:
'Dhatu' refers to the bodily tissues within Ayurveda. The state of these tissues affects overall health and can influence the content of dreams, signifying how bodily conditions can reflect mental and emotional states.
43) Hari (Harin):
'Hari' is often associated with Lord Vishnu and signifies truth and knowledge within Ayurvedic texts. His teachings may relate to themes of consciousness and the nature of reality, both of which are vital for understanding the significance of dreams.
44) Rupa:
'Rupa' signifies form or appearance in Ayurveda. In the context of dreams, Rupa can indicate how components of dreams take shape and manifest based on both cognitive processes and past experiences.
45) Uhya:
'Uhya' refers to surmising or inferring. In the process of dreaming, Uhya indicates the mind's ability to form narratives based on latent memories and desires, reflecting deeper layers of consciousness.
46) Indriyarthasannikarsha (Indriyarthasannikarsa, Indriyartha-sannikarsha):
'Indriyartha-sannikarsa' refers to the connection between sense perceptions and their corresponding objects. It underscores how dream experiences arise from sensory interactions in waking life, emphasizing the role of the Indriyas.
47) Pancamahabhuta (Panca-mahabhuta, Pamcamahabhuta):
Pancamahabhuta refers collectively to the primary elements that constitute all forms of life according to Ayurvedic philosophy. These elements influence health and, thereby, dream experiences. The balance or imbalance of these elements can manifest in dreams.
48) Sparshanendriya (Sparsanendriya, Sparshana-indriya):
'Sparsanendriya' refers to the sense of touch. This sensory input is crucial for experiencing the physical world and also plays a role in shaping the content of dreams, as tactile sensations can influence dream narratives.
49) Pancabhautika (Panca-bhautika, Pamcabhautika):
'Pancabhautika' means consisting of the five elements. In Ayurveda, understanding the interactions of the Pancabhautika components helps to understand vital body-mind connections that impact health and dream interpretations.
50) Indriyartha (Indriya-artha, Imdriyartha):
'Indriyartha' means the objects of sense experiences. In dreams, Indriyartha reflects how sensory input shapes dream content and how past experiences influence dream situations based on remembered sensory interactions.
51) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the examination of ideas or interpretations. In the context of dreams, discussion of their meanings allows for greater understanding of how they reflect health, personal situations, and overall well-being.
52) Vaisheshika (Vaisesika, Vaishesika, Vaiseshika):
'Vaisesika' is an Indian philosophical school that explores categories of being and knowledge. Its principles relate to understanding consciousness and the nature of reality, which are essential in interpreting dreams within Ayurveda.
53) Prashamana (Prasamana):
'Prasamana' refers to the assessment or diagnosis process in Ayurveda. Dreams that reveal aspects related to health allow practitioners to understand underlying diseases or doshic imbalances effectively.
54) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
'Vata-dosa' relates to the Vata dosha, one of three biological energies in Ayurveda representing movement and creativity. Disturbances in Vata can significantly influence dream content, contributing to anxiety or restlessness manifested in dreams.
55) Mountain:
'Mountain' generally symbolizes peaks of achievement, challenge, or obstacles in life. In dreams, mountains can represent personal growth, challenges to overcome, or certain aspirations that are not easily reachable in waking life.
56) Samkalpa (Sankalpa):
'Sankalpa' refers to intention or resolved determination. In the context of dreams, Sankalpa manifests desires and aspirations, influencing the scenarios dreamed about, alongside providing insight into the individual's motivations and longings.
57) Activity:
'Activity' aligns with dynamic processes in life and dreams. In dream contexts, various activities symbolize thoughts, experiences, and aspirations, demonstrating the multifaceted nature of the subconscious mind and its relationship with real-life experiences.
58) Enjoying:
'Enjoying' reflects feelings of pleasure or satisfaction derived from experiences. In dreams, certain scenarios may evoke joy or fulfillment, providing insights into a person’s desires and values that resonate with their waking lives.
59) Entering:
'Entering' represents engagement or immersion into experiences. In dreams, the act of entering symbolizes exploration of new dimensions of understanding or self-discovery, mirroring ongoing personal growth and experiences in waking life.
60) Study (Studying):
'Studying' refers to the act of acquiring knowledge. In the context of dreams, this process indicates an underlying quest for understanding either of oneself or of one’s place in the world, reflected in dream narratives that engage with learning.
61) Utpatti:
'Utpatti' signifies the process of manifestation or creation. In dreaming, Utpatti indicates how mental images or narratives are formed based on experiences, impulses, and memories, illuminating the dynamics of consciousness within sleep.
62) Nirvana (Nir-vana):
'Nirvana' represents the ultimate state of liberation and freedom from suffering in various philosophies, including Ayurveda. In dreams, aspirations toward Nirvana may manifest as transcendent experiences or insights into one’s spiritual journey.
63) Darshana (Darsana):
'Darsana' encompasses vision or philosophy. In the context of dreams, Darsana relates to the deeper insights or revelations one may receive during sleep, allowing an individual to connect with broader understandings of life and existence.
64) Upashama (Upasama):
'Upasama' refers to alleviation or moderation, particularly in contexts of physical and mental well-being. In dreams, Upasama signifies the pursuit of peace or resolution of conflicts, revealing an individual's psychological healing processes.
65) Quality:
'Quality' refers to the distinguishing attributes or characteristics of a subject. In the context of dreams and Ayurveda, understanding the quality of dreams can reveal insights into an individual's mental and emotional health.
66) Sattva (Shattva):
'Sattva' represents purity, clarity, and harmony among the three Gunas. In dream analysis, a predominance of Sattva may suggest peaceful and constructive dream experiences, embodying healthier psychological states.
67) Vaidya:
'Vaidya' refers to a practitioner or physician in Ayurveda. Vaidyas utilize their knowledge of dreams to help diagnose and treat health issues, underscoring the importance of dream analysis in holistic health care.
68) Utkata:
'Utkata' signifies the strong or intense qualities in Ayurveda. Understanding Utkata is relevant for exploring how powerful dreams may reflect deep emotions, concerns, or experiences relevant to a person's well-being.
69) Avidya:
'Avidya' signifies ignorance or lack of knowledge. In the context of dreams, Avidya may relate to unclear or confusing dream experiences that represent unresolved issues or misunderstandings within the mind.
70) Purusha (Purusa):
'Purusa' refers to the conscious self or soul within the framework of Ayurveda and Indian philosophy. Understanding Purusa contributes to exploring the essence of identity, consciousness, and the nature of experiences in dreams.
71) Cetana:
'Cetana' refers to consciousness or awareness. In dreams, effective Cetana highlights moments of realization or insight during sleep, indicating a connection between unconscious and conscious thought processes.
72) Bhuta:
'Bhuta' refers to elements or entities that constitute the universe. In dreams, experiences involving Bhuta can symbolize the interconnectedness of life and the embodiment of various mental and spiritual aspects.
73) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
'Vyadhi' denotes illness or disease in Ayurveda. Dreams can reflect aspects of Wyadhi, either revealing health issues or serving as a guide for the diagnosis of existing conditions.
74) Nature:
'Nature' refers to the fundamental qualities or attributes of beings and elements. In dreams, aspects of nature may symbolize emotions, experiences, or challenges an individual faces in their personal journey or life circumstances.
75) Thirst:
'Thirst' signifies a fundamental human need, not just for water but for emotional and spiritual fulfillment as well. In dreams, it can represent deeper cravings and desires reflecting one’s psychological states.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 92]
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