Determination of the insilico antibacterial activity of amlodipine
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Determination of the insilico antibacterial activity of amlodipine
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Sanaa Mohamed Eltayeb Ahmed, Nuha M. E. Agabna, Fatima E. L. Fattih Tajalsir Mohammed and Mohamed A. A. Elbadawi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Determination of the insilico antibacterial activity of amlodipine
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20183-10888
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
This study investigates the antibacterial properties of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine derivative primarily used as an antihypertensive medication. The research aims to establish a potential mechanism for its antibacterial activity via in silico docking to the catalytic domain of histidine kinases (HKs) in various bacterial strains. The findings suggest that amlodipine may inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with the phosphorylation processes mediated by these enzymes, presenting an alternative to traditional antibiotics amid rising antibiotic resistance.
Histidine Kinases as Antibacterial Targets
Histidine kinases (HKs), pivotal components of two-component signal transduction systems, play significant roles in regulating essential bacterial processes, including growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation. Their autophosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of response regulators signify crucial points in bacterial signaling pathways. Exploring HKs as targets for antibacterial agents can lead to the development of drugs that circumvent the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Researchers note that inhibiting these conserved, essential domains could potentially disrupt multiple pathways across different bacterial species, identifying HKs as promising targets for novel antimicrobial strategies.
Amlodipine's Mechanism of Action
The study highlights that amlodipine鈥檚 structure bears significant similarity to the binding sites of L-type calcium channels, which may explain its effective interaction with bacterial HKs. Amlodipine demonstrated considerable binding affinity when docked with HK proteins from various bacteria, suggesting it can serve as a phosphorylation inhibitor. The docking results revealed several hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between amlodipine and HKs, indicating a robust interaction that could lead to the inhibition of key bacterial functions. Variations in the strength and number of interactions across different bacteria were noted, correlating with existing in vitro antibacterial efficacy data.
Implications of Virtual Screening in Drug Repurposing
The approach of using virtual screening and drug repurposing provides a promising avenue for finding effective antibacterial agents. This study emphasizes how compounds like amlodipine, originally designed for non-infectious conditions, can exhibit significant antibacterial properties. Utilizing existing drugs minimizes the uncertainties and extensive timeline involved in conventional drug discovery methods. The potential for modifying and enhancing amlodipine鈥檚 antibacterial activity while reducing adverse effects could lead to practical applications in treating bacterial infections resistant to current antibiotics.
Conclusion
This research underscores amlodipine's potential as a novel antibacterial agent through its action on bacterial histidine kinases. The promising in silico findings advocate for further experimental validation and structural modifications aimed at optimizing this compound for clinical use against resistant bacterial strains. Given the urgent need for alternative therapies amid escalating antibiotic resistance, repurposing existing drugs like amlodipine represents a strategic and efficient path toward developing new antimicrobial treatments. Further studies could leverage insights from this work to enhance the understanding and application of non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the antibacterial mechanism of action of amlodipine?
Amlodipine acts as an antibacterial by inhibiting phosphorylation at the catalytic domain of bacterial histidine kinases, which are crucial for bacterial signal transduction and adaptation.
What are histidine kinases and their role in bacteria?
Histidine kinases are components of two-component signal transduction systems, regulating various cellular responses in bacteria, including growth, chemotaxis, and antibiotic resistance.
How was the study conducted to assess amlodipine's antibacterial activity?
The study used insilico docking to analyze amlodipine's interactions with histidine kinases from six bacterial strains, evaluating binding energies and types of interactions.
What were the results of the docking studies with amlodipine?
Docking revealed that amlodipine formed stable interactions with histidine kinases, providing evidence for its potential as an effective antibacterial agent.
Why is there a need for non-antibiotic antimicrobial compounds?
The rise of antibiotic resistance has created a demand for new non-antibiotic antimicrobials that can target bacterial pathways without promoting resistance.
What implications does this study suggest for drug design?
The findings suggest that amlodipine could be repurposed as a bactericidal agent, warranting further research to enhance its antibacterial properties and minimize potential side effects.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淒etermination of the insilico antibacterial activity of amlodipine鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Shana (Sana):
Sanaa refers to Sanaa Mohamed Eltayeb Ahmed, the lead author of the study. Her contribution includes conducting research on the antibacterial properties of amlodipine and analyzing its molecular interactions via in silico methods. The name represents the individual behind the research findings and insights presented in the paper.
2) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to medications that specifically target bacterial infections by killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth. The paper discusses the rising issue of antibiotic resistance, motivating the exploration of non-antibiotic antimicrobials, such as amlodipine, as alternatives. This highlights a shift towards innovative therapeutic approaches in microbiology.
3) Channel:
Channels, plural, refers to multiple types of ion channels, primarily the L-type calcium channels critical for various physiological functions. In this research, understanding how amlodipine interacts with these channels helps illustrate its broader pharmacological implications, including its potential antibacterial effects via histidine kinases inhibition.
4) Drug:
Drugs plural encompass various substances used in medical treatments. The study conducts a broader examination of non-antibiotic drugs, like amlodipine, showcasing their potential roles as antimicrobial agents. This term is critical as it highlights the search for alternative treatment options in the face of growing antibiotic resistance.
5) Activity:
Activity in this research context refers to the biological effect and efficacy of amlodipine against bacterial pathogens. It highlights the drug's potency and its mechanism of action at the molecular level. This term is essential in evaluating the potential clinical applications of amlodipine in treating bacterial infections.
6) Aureus:
Aureus refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium known for causing various infections, including skin and respiratory infections. The relevance of this term lies in the study's evaluation of amlodipine's antibacterial activity against this pathogen, indicative of its therapeutic potential in treating serious infections caused by this strain.
7) Table:
Table represents the organized data format used in the paper to present experimental results, particularly concerning docking scores and interactions between amlodipine and various histidine kinases. Tables enhance clarity, allowing readers to easily comprehend comparative analyses and findings relevant to the study's conclusions.
8) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine that studies drug action and interactions within organisms. The study's foundation in pharmacology emphasizes understanding how amlodipine functions at both systemic and molecular levels, defining its dual role as an antihypertensive and a potential antibacterial agent, and contributing to drug development fields.
9) Nature:
Nature refers to the intrinsic characteristics or properties of substances. In the context of this study, it emphasizes the natural functions and behaviors of amlodipine in biological systems, as well as the natural processes of bacteria that may be affected by the drug's interactions with histidine kinases.
10) Discussion:
Discussion denotes the section in the paper where findings are interpreted and contextualized within the wider scientific framework. It provides insights into the implications of the study on amlodipine's antibacterial efficacy, linking results to potential clinical applications and future research directions in drug development.
11) Similarity:
Similarity refers to the comparative analysis between the binding regions of calcium channels and bacterial histidine kinases. This concept is relevant in understanding the shared structural motifs that may allow amlodipine to inhibit kinases, representing an important aspect of drug design and function that informs therapeutic applications.
12) Toxicity:
Toxicity discusses the potential harmful effects of drugs. In the context of this study, understanding the toxicity of amlodipine is essential for determining its safety profile as an antibacterial agent. This awareness guides further modifications and optimizations in drug development and repurposing efforts.
13) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the systematic enterprise of building knowledge through experimentation and observation. This term embodies the approach taken in the study, which uses scientific methods like insilico docking to explore the antibacterial properties of amlodipine, embodying the principles of hypothesis testing and data analysis.
14) Disease:
Disease refers to a specific pathological condition affecting a host organism. The research targets bacterial diseases in particular, exploring the potential of amlodipine as a treatment. This focus highlights the importance of finding novel solutions to tackle emerging and resistant bacterial strains in modern medicine.
15) Family:
Family here often refers to the classification of organisms or biological molecules with common characteristics. In the context of bacterial histidine kinases, referring to their family helps identify evolutionary relationships and potential shared functions, aiding in the understanding of drug targets across different pathogens.
16) Study (Studying):
Study denotes the investigation conducted to analyze amlodipine's antibacterial properties and mechanisms. This research contributes valuable knowledge to the field of pharmacology, influencing future studies and therapeutic strategies aimed at combating bacterial infections through innovative drug repurposing and targeted treatment approaches.
17) Line:
Line may refer to a lineage or pathway in biological research. In the context of this study, it could indicate the lineage of inquiry regarding drug interactions with bacterial systems. Understanding these pathways is vital for mapping out effective treatment methodologies for bacterial infections.
18) Life:
Life represents the complex biological processes that bacteria and human cells undergo. In this context, understanding how amlodipine interacts with bacterial systems informs its potential role in preserving human health, addressing the challenges posed by infections and enhancing life quality through effective treatments.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: 鈥�Determination of the insilico antibacterial activity of amlodipine鈥�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Antibacterial activity, Synergism, Virtual screening, Hydrophobic interaction, Three-dimensional structure, H-bonding, Sequence alignment, Drug candidate, Calcium Channel.