Study of Langhana and Brmhaniya as basis for Yuktivyapasraya.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Conceptual study of langhana brmhaniya adhyaya as base of whole yuktivyapasraya chikitsa
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Dr. Bhadresh K. Patel, Dr. Rajashree Chitre and Dr. Rajnikant L. Thakar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Conceptual study of langhana brmhaniya adhyaya as base of whole yuktivyapasraya chikitsa
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201813-12688
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the significance of Langhana Brmhaniya, which encompasses three Sisyasutras wherein Agnivesa raises questions about six types of therapies initiated by Atreya. This chapter is pivotal as it outlines various therapeutic approaches, definitions, and characteristics of different therapies aimed at managing bodily conditions. The authors highlight the foundational aspects of these therapies, focusing on their definitions, applications, and implications in Ayurvedic practice, emphasizing how they form the basis of Yuktiyapasraya Chikitsa.
Essence of Langhana Therapy
Langhana therapy, which aims to produce lightness in the body, is outlined through its distinct actions and classifications. While both Langhana and Ruksana therapies share similar characteristics, Langhana primarily focuses on achieving lightness, whereas Ruksana emphasizes dryness. The article describes ten forms of Langhana therapy, including methods like fasting (Upavasa) and physical exercise (Vyayama), and categorizes them into elimination therapies (Sodhana) and complementary therapies (Samana). Understanding these distinctions is critical for practitioners to effectively apply the right therapeutic approach based on the patient's condition.
Understanding Brmhana Therapy
Brmhana therapy serves as the counterpart to Langhana, focusing on nourishing and adding bulk to the body. It is indicated for individuals experiencing weakness, emaciation, or other conditions requiring revitalization, such as old age and prolonged exertion. The therapy employs substances categorized as Bahala, which refer to those with substantial qualities enhancing nourishment. With a focus on patient-specific requirements, effective Brmhana therapy leads to the restoration of health and vitality in individuals exhibiting signs of deficiency.
The Role of Ruksana and Stambhana Therapies
Ruksana therapy, while similar to Langhana, aims to reduce unctuousness and promote dryness. This therapy is particularly beneficial for conditions characterized by excess Kleda (impurities or moisture). Selection of Ruksana is influenced by the specific metabolic and pathogenic state of the individual. Stambhana therapy, on the other hand, prevents the outflow of bodily substances and is applicable in conditions where there is excessive secretion, such as diarrhea and vomiting. Both therapies require careful application to ensure they complement the overall treatment regimen and do not exacerbate the primary condition.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Langhana-Brimhaniya chapter encapsulates the foundational principles of Ayurvedic management through its elaboration on six core therapeutic approaches, primarily focusing on Langhana-based management. The chapter delineates the essential characteristics, indications, and practical applications of Langhana, Brmhana, Ruksana, and Stambhana therapies. Understanding these diverse management strategies is crucial for practitioners to tailor their approaches effectively, ensuring comprehensive patient care and more successful therapeutic outcomes in Ayurvedic medicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the Langhana Brmhaniya chapter?
The Langhana Brmhaniya chapter discusses six types of management therapies, emphasizing their definitions, characteristics, indications, and the signs and symptoms of proper and improper administration.
What are the main types of therapies discussed in Langhana Brmhaniya?
The main therapies discussed include Langhana, Brmhana, Ruksana, Snehana, Swedana, and Stambhana, each with distinct functions in managing body conditions.
How does Langhana therapy differ from Ruksana therapy?
Langhana produces lightness in the body and focuses on reducing body mass. In contrast, Ruksana specifically aims to create dryness and roughness, catering to different therapeutic needs.
What conditions are treated by Langhana therapy?
Langhana therapy is primarily prescribed for Kapha and Pitta dominated diseases, especially in the context of associated Vata vitiation.
What is the significance of Snehana and Swedana in the therapies?
Snehana and Swedana act as preparatory processes before elimination therapy in Panchakarma, enhancing drug effectiveness by dilating channels and promoting fluidity.
What signs indicate improper use of Langhana therapy?
Improper use of Langhana may lead to the aggravation of diseases, especially Vata-dominant disorders, causing complications instead of alleviation.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study of Langhana and Brmhaniya as basis for Yuktivyapasraya.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Langhana (Lamghana):
Langhana refers to therapies aimed at reducing the mass or heaviness of the body, primarily addressing conditions caused by excess Kapha or Pitta dosas. It highlights the principle of lightness (Laghu) and is fundamental in Ayurvedic treatments, particularly for balancing dosas and managing weight-related health issues.
2) Rukshana (Ruksana):
Ruksana is a therapeutic concept in Ayurveda that focuses on promoting dryness and roughness in the body, thereby alleviating excess unctuousness (Sneha). It is distinguished from Langhana, as it specifically targets Kleda-dominated conditions and emphasizes the importance of managing Vata dosha in treatment.
3) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosas in Ayurveda are the three fundamental bodily humors: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, which govern physiological and psychological processes. Their balance is crucial for maintaining health, and their vitiation leads to various diseases (Vikara). Treatments often aim to restore harmony among these dosas for optimal health.
4) Stambhana:
Stambhana refers to therapies that prevent the flow of bodily substances, effectively stopping processes like vomiting or diarrhea. By ensuring stability in the body, Stambhana is used in conditions aggravated by excessive movement of dosas, particularly in cases of Pitta or Ksara, to restore balance.
5) Disease:
Diseases (Rogah) in Ayurveda are categorized based on the predominant dosas involved and their manifestations in the body. The approach to treatment involves using specific therapies like Langhana or Brmhana to mitigate the effects of the diseases by addressing their underlying causes.
6) Patel:
Dr. Bhadresh K. Patel is an author of the study exploring Langhana and Brmhaniya concepts in Ayurvedic practice. His work contributes to understanding traditional Ayurvedic principles and their application in modern therapeutic contexts, emphasizing the importance of thorough clinical knowledge among practitioners.
7) Brimhana (Brmhana):
Brmhana describes therapies aimed at nourishing and promoting weight gain or strength in the body. It directly counters Langhana, focusing on enhancing the body's bulk or sustaining energy, especially in conditions of emaciation or weakness, influenced by factors like age or illness.
8) Drug:
In the Ayurvedic context, drugs (Dravya) are considered substances that can alter the physiological functions of the body. They are prescribed based on the individual's dosha imbalance and the nature of their ailments, acting as a crucial component of therapeutic practices.
9) Snehana:
Snehana is a preparatory therapy involving the application of unctuous substances to the body aimed at facilitating detoxification. It increases fluidity in the tissues and is essential in cleansing rituals like Panchakarma, helping to prepare the body for effective elimination of toxins.
10) Kleda:
Kleda denotes moisture or unctuousness in the body and can lead to various pathologies when in excess. Management of Kleda is crucial in Ayurvedic treatments, particularly in balancing Kapha and purging accumulated toxins through appropriate therapies like Ruksana and Langhana.
11) Agni:
Agni represents the digestive fire in Ayurveda and is fundamental to maintaining health. A balanced Agni is essential for the proper digestion and assimilation of nutrients, while an impaired Agni can lead to the accumulation of toxins (Ama) and various diseases.
12) Vata:
Vata is one of the three dosas, characterized by air and space qualities. It governs movement, circulation, and elimination processes in the body. Imbalances in Vata can manifest as various disturbances, necessitating therapies that soothe and stabilize its effects in treatment protocols.
13) Upakrama:
Upakrama refers to therapeutic measures or interventions in Ayurveda. Each treatment method, whether it's Langhana, Brmhana, or others, serves as an Upakrama aimed at restoring balance among dosas and addressing specific health concerns through holistic approaches.
14) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated describes the condition when dosas are disturbed or out of balance. Recognizing vitiated states is crucial for Ayurvedic practitioners to formulate effective treatment plans and restore harmony within bodily systems.
15) Guna:
Guna signifies the inherent qualities or attributes of substances in Ayurveda. These qualities are used to assess the suitability of drugs or therapies in treatment, guiding practitioners in selecting remedies that align with the patient's unique physical and mental constitution.
16) Substance:
In Ayurveda, a substance (Dravya) encompasses any material or ingredient that can be used for therapeutic benefit. Its classification often depends on its effects on the dosas, and understanding these properties is crucial for formulating effective treatment strategies.
17) Siddhanta (Siddha-anta, Siddhamta):
Siddhanta translates to 'principles' or 'theories' in Ayurveda. These foundational concepts guide practitioners in their diagnosis and treatment approaches, ensuring that practices are based on a deep understanding of Ayurvedic philosophy and the intricate interrelations of body elements.
18) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine originated in India, focusing on holistic health and wellness. It emphasizes the balance of dosas, the importance of Agni, and the role of lifestyle and dietary practices in promoting health and preventing disease.
19) Samhita:
Samhita refers to a collection of texts in Ayurveda that compile knowledge regarding therapeutic techniques, herbal properties, and the philosophical basis of the practice. These texts serve as authoritative resources for practitioners to guide their clinical practice and treatment methods.
20) Shishira (Sisira):
Sisira denotes the winter season in Ayurveda, during which the body’s metabolic processes and doshatic predominance shift. Specific therapies are recommended during this time to accommodate the natural changes in balance, allowing for preventative and therapeutic interventions.
21) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the primary dosas characterized by heat and transformation. It governs digestion, metabolism, and energy production. Maintaining Pitta balance is critical for good health, and imbalances can lead to conditions associated with heat or inflammation.
22) Atapa:
Atapa refers to exposure to sunlight and is considered beneficial in moderation within Ayurveda. It can help stimulate digestion and enhance the body's metabolic processes but should be utilized carefully, especially in individuals with Pitta imbalances.
23) Sign:
In Ayurveda, 'sign' refers to physical manifestations or symptoms observed in the patient that help in diagnosing diseases. These signs inform practitioners about the imbalances present and guide treatment decisions toward restoring health.
24) Pancakarma (Pancakarman, Pancan-karman, Pamcakarma):
Pancakarma is a detoxification process in Ayurveda involving five therapeutic actions aimed at cleansing the body of toxins (Ama). This holistic approach is essential for restoring balance among dosas and preparing the body for rejuvenation therapies.
25) Stiffness:
Stiffness is often associated with Vata imbalance and can indicate underlying issues in the musculoskeletal system. Ayurvedic treatments aim to address stiffness through therapies that restore flexibility and balance within the body, targeting the root causes of discomfort.
26) Channel:
A channel (Srotas) in Ayurveda signifies the physiological pathways that carry dosas, dhatus, and malas throughout the body. Understanding these channels is crucial for diagnosing and treating conditions effectively, as imbalances may lead to obstructions or diseases.
27) Vyayama:
Vyayama refers to physical exercise in Ayurveda aimed at promoting health through movement. It is recommended to balance dosas, enhance circulation, and improve overall vitality, making it an essential component of a holistic health regimen.
28) Vikara:
Vikara refers to disturbances or changes in the natural state of health. In Ayurveda, recognizing Vikara is essential for diagnosing diseases, as it represents the outcome of dosha imbalances, guiding treatment protocols to restore health.
29) Pacana:
Pacana pertains to the therapeutic process of enhancing digestion and metabolism. It is essential in balancing dosas, particularly Pitta, and is involved in promoting the assimilation of nutrients while expelling impurities from the body.
30) Pipasa:
Pipasa is the term used for thirst in Ayurveda, regarded as one of the natural urges (Adharaniya Vega). Suppressing pipasa may lead to various health issues, highlighting the need to balance hydration and support Agni effectively in treatments.
31) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi translates to disease or illness in Ayurveda and embodies the concept of health imbalance. Ayurveda aims to address Vyadhi through targeted interventions that consider dosic imbalances, promoting healing and restoring wellness.
32) Yuktivyapashraya (Yuktivyapasraya):
Yuktivyapasraya refers to an evidence-based therapeutic approach within Ayurveda. This methodology advocates for treatments based on the application of diagnostic reasoning, integrating clinical knowledge with individual patient presentation for effective management of health issues.
33) Urustambha (Uru-stambha):
Urustambha describes a condition characterized by stiffness or rigidity in the lower body, often related to kapha imbalance. Therapeutic approaches address Urustambha through targeted management strategies focusing on alleviating stiffness and promoting flexibility in the afflicted areas.
34) Samshodhana (Samsodhana):
Samsodhana represents detoxification procedures in Ayurveda, aimed at eliminating toxic substances from the body. This process is critical in restoring health and balance by cleansing dosas and addressing underlying factors contributing to illness.
35) Purvakarma (Purvakarman, Purva-karman):
Purvakarma refers to preparatory therapies performed before the main therapeutic interventions in Ayurveda. These initial procedures, like Snehana and Swedana, are designed to prepare the body for more intensive treatments such as Panchakarma, ensuring efficacy.
36) Brimhaniya (Brmhaniya):
Brimhaniya pertains to practices focused on nourishment and growth in Ayurveda. It is essential for fostering strength and vitality, particularly in individuals experiencing weakness or emaciation due to various factors, ensuring optimal health recovery.
37) Suffering:
Suffering (Duhkha) in Ayurveda is recognized as a condition resulting from imbalance and disease. Treatment aims to alleviate this suffering by addressing the root causes, restoring health, and enhancing well-being through individualized therapeutic interventions.
38) Hemanta (Hemamta):
Hemanta denotes the late autumn and early winter seasons. In Ayurveda, seasonal changes influence dosic balances, prompting specific recommendations for lifestyle and therapeutic practices to maintain harmony during these transitional periods.
39) Snigdha:
Snigdha refers to the quality of being unctuous or oily, which is considered beneficial for many therapeutic practices in Ayurveda. This quality aids in nourishment and moisturizing tissues, playing an essential role in promoting health and overall vitality.
40) Raukshya (Rauksya):
Rauksya indicates dryness within the body and is a quality often targeted in therapies for conditions related to excess moisture or unctuousness. Managing Rauksya is essential for balancing dosas and enhancing physical comfort.
41) Pravara:
Pravara signifies optimal conditions or states, particularly relating to dosic balance in health. Achieving Pravara is essential for effective treatment, ensuring that therapies are tailored to individual needs and health status, promoting recovery and wellness.
42) Quality:
Quality (Guna) in Ayurveda refers to the inherent characteristics of substances that affect their therapeutic values. Understanding these qualities allows practitioners to judiciously select appropriate remedies to achieve desired health outcomes.
43) Yojana:
Yojana signifies the planning or strategy involved in treatment approaches in Ayurveda. It encompasses the careful selection of therapeutic measures based on individual patient assessment and condition, enhancing the effectiveness of interventions.
44) Sevana:
Sevana denotes the act of service or care in Ayurveda, especially in the context of therapeutic practices. It embodies the principle of nurturing health and wellness through dedicated attention and application of appropriate treatments to patients.
45) Samana (Shamana):
Samana refers to therapies or actions that harmonize and balance the dosas, specifically countering excess qualities. This approach is crucial in restoring equilibrium and enhancing the body's overall functionality, often involving dietary and lifestyle adjustments.
46) Udvega:
Udvega translates to restlessness or agitation, often seen as a symptom of Vata imbalance in Ayurveda. Recognizing and addressing Udvega through calming therapies is essential for promoting mental clarity and stability in health.
47) Koshtha (Kostha):
Kostha represents the physical cavity within the body, housing digestive organs and influencing metabolic processes. Understanding the importance of Kostha is crucial in Ayurveda for addressing digestive health and formulating effective treatment plans.
48) Bahala:
Bahala denotes qualities associated with density and abundance in Ayurveda. It generally refers to substances or therapies that promote nourishment and fullness, essential for developing strength and vitality in individuals requiring rejuvenation.
49) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kasaya signifies bitterness in taste and is associated with certain therapeutic substances in Ayurveda. This quality can be beneficial in managing conditions of excess moisture or Kapha imbalances, helping to restore balance in the body’s systems.
50) Thirst:
Thirst (Pipasa) is a crucial physiological signal indicating the body's need for hydration. Its management plays a vital role in Ayurvedic treatments to maintain Agni and overall health, particularly in mitigating the effects of dosha imbalances.
51) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three dosas, embodying the elements of water and earth. It represents stability, structure, and lubrication within the body. Imbalance in Kapha can lead to conditions characterized by excess fluid or weight, necessitating specific therapeutic interventions.
52) Sneha:
Sneha refers to the quality of unctuousness or oiliness in Ayurvedic substances and therapies. It plays a crucial role in therapeutic practices aimed at nourishing tissues and facilitating detoxification through its lubricating effects on bodily channels.
53) Drava:
Drava signifies liquid or fluid qualities in substances utilized in Ayurveda. It reflects the characteristics of therapeutic agents that promote hydration, nourishment, and balance within the body's systems, particularly in conjunction with specific dosatic needs.
54) Tikta:
Tikta indicates a bitter taste associated with certain herbs and substances in Ayurveda. It plays a vital role in promoting digestive health and managing conditions associated with excessive Kapha or moisture, reinforcing the balance of dosas.
55) Basti:
Basti refers to a therapeutic enema treatment in Ayurveda, integral to the detoxification process. It works to cleanse the intestines, addressing issues of accumulation in the kolon, thereby restoring health and balance within the body’s systems.
56) Ayoga (Ayas-ga):
Ayoga refers to the non-utilization or improper application of Ayurvedic therapies. Its implications are crucial as inadequate treatment may worsen conditions, underscoring the importance of trained practitioners for effective interventions.
57) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksa indicates a condition or treatment characterized by dryness. In Ayurveda, it suggests the use of therapies that produce this quality, essential for managing conditions related to excess moisture or Kleda in the body.
58) Study (Studying):
Study denotes the rigorous inquiry into Ayurvedic principles and practices, allowing practitioners to gain expansive knowledge for effective treatment planning. It fosters the integration of traditional wisdom with modern understanding, enhancing the application of Ayurveda today.
59) Mala:
Mala represents the waste products in the body that require elimination for health maintenance. Managing Mala through Ayurvedic therapies ensures proper detoxification, contributing to overall health and balance within bodily systems.
60) Kala:
Kala refers to time or seasons and their significance in Ayurveda. Seasonal changes necessitate adjustments in lifestyle and treatment strategies, ensuring interventions align with natural rhythms for optimal health outcomes.
61) Wind:
Wind (Maruta) signifies the life force or Vata dosha, influencing movement within the body. It affects physiological functions, and strategies in Ayurveda often aim at restoring equilibrium to minimize discomfort and promote wellness.
62) Adharaniyavega (Adharaniya-vega):
Adharaniyavega refers to urges that should not be suppressed, particularly physiological signals like thirst or hunger. Recognizing and respecting these urges is essential for maintaining health, as neglecting them can lead to further imbalances and diseases.
63) Gurvadiguna (Gurvadi-guna):
Gurvadi-guna refers to a set of qualities or attributes describing therapeutic substances in Ayurveda. These qualities guide the selection of appropriate remedies based on the specific health conditions being treated, emphasizing effectiveness in achieving desired health outcomes.
64) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology within Ayurveda focuses on the properties, actions, and uses of herbal and natural substances in treating diseases. Understanding pharmacology is vital for practitioners to formulate effective treatments promoting wellness and preventing disease.
65) Tantryukti:
Tantrayukti refers to the methodology of reasoning and explanation in Ayurvedic practices. It emphasizes the structured thinking applied to diagnostics and treatments, guiding practitioners in developing effective health strategies based on traditional knowledge.
66) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulated signifies the buildup of dosas, dhatus, or malas within the body, leading to imbalances. Ayurvedic treatments aim to eliminate these accumulations, restoring harmony and preventing disease through targeted interventions.
67) Alleviation:
Alleviation in Ayurveda refers to the reduction of symptoms or discomfort related to diseases or imbalances. Treatment focuses on restoring health by applying appropriate therapies that target the underlying causes of distress.
68) Agnimandya (Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
Agnimandya refers to a diminished digestive fire in Ayurveda, often leading to metabolic disturbances and various health issues. Treatment strategies are employed to restore Agni, enabling effective digestion and absorption of nutrients.
69) Margashirsha (Margasirsa, Marga-shirsha):
Margasirsa is a lunar month in the Indian calendar, typically associated with seasonal changes that influence health. Understanding these cycles allows Ayurvedic practitioners to tailor treatments according to the needs of patients throughout the year.
70) Abhishyanda (Abhisyanda):
Abhisyanda describes a condition related to excessive moisture or Kleda that leads to pathological changes. Managing Abhisyanda involves therapies that address fluid accumulation and restore balance, crucial for effective treatment planning.
71) Katutikta (Katu-tikta):
Katu-tikta refers to a therapeutic taste profile characterized by a bitter and pungent quality. These tastes are important in Ayurveda for managing Kapha and balancing excess moistures, offering beneficial effects in digestive health.
72) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Buttermilk is a commonly used Ayurvedic substance known for its cooling and nourishing properties. It assists in digestion and is recommended in various regimens to promote balance, especially in Pitta-dominated conditions.
73) Similarity:
Similarity in Ayurveda refers to the comparative analysis of treatments and conditions, guiding practitioners in recognizing patterns to develop effective therapeutic strategies and interventions tailored to individual patient needs.
74) Anuvasana:
Anuvasana indicates an enema procedure designed to nourish the body through the rectum. It's an integral part of Ayurvedic detoxification practices, served to balance dosas and promote overall wellness.
75) Asthapana:
Asthapana involves therapeutic enemas aimed at purging the body of toxins. This practice is crucial in Ayurveda for initiating detoxification and restoring health by eliminating accumulated malas and dosas from the system.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 156]
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