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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淯shnodakapana's Efficacy for Vibhandha at Sunrise and Sunset.鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Ushnodaka (Usnodaka, Ushna-udaka):
Ushnodaka, or hot water, is highlighted in the study for its role in managing Vibandha (constipation). Administering Ushnodaka stimulates muscular contractions and peristaltic movements, facilitating bowel movements, and softens stools, thereby easing defecation. Its relevance and efficacy are demonstrated particularly when taken in the morning.

2) Vibandha:
Vibandha, commonly known as constipation, is a central focus of the study. It is characterized by digestive complaints and can lead to various lifestyle disorders. The research addresses the management of Vibandha using Ushnodaka and highlights its significant impact on the condition.

3) Nish (Nisa, Nis, Nishe, Nisha):
Nisha refers to the night or sunset period. In the study, one group of patients was administered Ushnodaka during Nisha-Kaal (night), and the effectiveness of this practice was compared with taking Ushnodaka in the Usha-Kaal (morning), revealing differences in outcomes.[see source text or glossary: Nisha]

4) Usa (Usha):
Usha denotes the morning or sunrise period. In the clinical study, administering Ushnodaka during Usha-Kaal was found to be more effective in managing Vibandha compared to administration during Nisha-Kaal. The study highlights the significance of Usha-Kaal timing in the effectiveness of treatments.

5) Food:
Food, referred to as 'Ahara' in Ayurveda, is mentioned as it plays a significant role in digestive health. Irregular and bad habits of Ahara can lead to conditions like Vibandha, and proper dietary practices (Pathya) during and after treatment are crucial for managing such disorders.

6) Disease:
In the context of this study, disease such as Vibandha needs proper treatment. Ayurveda mentions that diseases arise due to the imbalance of Doshas and the management includes both medicinal remedies and lifestyle modifications like Pathya for effective treatment and prevention.

7) Pathya:
Pathya refers to diet and lifestyle recommendations that support health and treatment efficacy. In the context of Vibandha management, following Pathya helps in obtaining normalcy of Doshas and prevents recurrence. The study discusses the need for Pathya during and after treatment for effective disease management.

8) Samprapti:
Samprapti Vighatana is the process of breaking down the pathology of a disease. The study emphasizes the importance of timely and effective Samprapti Vighatana in the treatment of Vibandha, implying that treatment success depends on addressing the root cause of the condition.

9) Vibhanda (Vi-bhanda):
[see source text or glossary: Vibhanda]

10) Vati:
In the study, patients were administered Arogyavardhini Vati as part of their treatment for Vibandha. Vati is a form of Ayurvedic tablet or pill medication used to treat various diseases, including digestive disorders like Vibandha, contributing to the effectiveness of the overall treatment plan.

11) Vata:
Vata is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, responsible for various bodily functions, including movement and elimination. The study mentions that Ushnodaka helps in Vatanulomana, which means normalizing Vata, thereby assisting in the relief of Vibandha by aiding proper bowel movements and reducing symptoms.

12) Human body:
The human body is significantly composed of water, paralleling the earth's water composition. This universal presence of water underlines its essential role in health, as emphasized in the text. Proper hydration is fundamental to managing conditions like Vibandha, aligning with the study's focus on Ushnodaka.

13) Pakvashaya (Pakvasaya, Pakva-ashaya):
Pakvashaya refers to the lower digestive region, specifically the large intestine and rectum. Conditions affecting the Pakvashaya, like Vibandha, are often due to Apana vitiation and are managed by treatments such as Ushnodakapana, which help to regulate bowel movements and relieve constipation.

14) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study highlights the efficacy of Ushnodakapana in both morning and night groups, focusing on various outcomes such as stool consistency, straining, and overall improvement. It compares the results, explaining physiological reasons behind the different efficacies of treatments.

15) Depression:
Depression is mentioned as a potential result of chronic Vibandha, where persistent symptoms can lead to psychological distress and other mental health issues. Effective management of Vibandha, as explored in the study with Ushnodakapana, may alleviate not only physical symptoms but also associated emotional and mental health stressors.

16) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation, or the imbalance of bodily humors (Doshas), can disrupt normal bodily functions. The study discusses vitiation of Vata, particularly the Apana subtype, as a significant factor in Vibandha. Treatments aim to correct such vitiations to restore health and alleviate symptoms.

17) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, provides the framework for understanding and treating conditions like Vibandha. The study utilizes Ayurvedic principles, including the use of Ushnodaka, understanding of Doshas, and the significance of Pathya to manage and treat constipation effectively.

18) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to symptoms or signs of disease. In the context of Vibandha, symptoms are critical for diagnosis and intervention. The study emphasizes Jeerna Ahara Lakshana, indicating complete digestion, which is essential for the effectiveness of Ushnodakapana in managing constipation.

19) Samhita:
Samhitas are classical Ayurvedic texts containing comprehensive medical knowledge. The study mentions that the benefits of water, including Ushnodaka, were noted in ancient Samhitas, providing a traditional basis for contemporary practices in managing conditions like Vibandha.

20) Purana:
[see source text or glossary: Purana]

21) Vihara:
Vihara refers to daily routine and lifestyle, which play a crucial role in health according to Ayurveda. The study highlights irregular and unhealthy Vihara, such as poor dietary habits and lack of exercise, as contributing factors to Vibandha, suggesting modifications for effective management.

22) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas are the body channels through which nutrients, waste, and energy flow. Vibandha can obstruct these channels, particularly the Pureeshavahasrotas responsible for bowel elimination. Ushnodaka is used to clear these obstructions, as described in the study, thereby normalizing bowel movements.

23) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi means disease or disorder. The study views Vibandha as a Vyadhi caused by the vitiation of Apana Vata due to improper Ahara and Vihara. Effective management of Vyadhi like Vibandha through dietary interventions and treatments like Ushnodakapana is emphasized.

24) Nature:
Nature鈥檚 rhythms and elements are integrated into Ayurvedic treatment plans. Water, a fundamental natural element, is utilized in the study through Ushnodakapana (hot water therapy) to manage Vibandha, aligning with the Ayurvedic principle of harmonizing human health with natural elements.

25) Animal:
[see source text or glossary: Animal]

26) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are the three fundamental bodily bio-elements in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Vibandha often involves an imbalance in Vata Dosha. The study explores how Ushnodaka helps balance this Dosha, promoting normal bowel function and alleviating constipation symptoms.

27) Ahara:
[see 'Food']

28) Apana:
Apana is a subtype of Vata Dosha that regulates functions in the lower abdomen, including elimination. Vitiation of Apana can lead to Vibandha. The study employs Ushnodaka to correct Apanavaigunya (vitiation of Apana), thereby restoring regular bowel movements and relieving constipation.

29) Kumar:
Parveen Kumar is listed as one of the authors of the study. His contribution lies in the research on the efficacy of Ushnodakapana in managing Vibandha, alongside his colleagues. As an assistant professor, his academic input adds credibility and expertise to the study.[see source text: Kumar]

30) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]

31) Anger (Angry):
Chronic Vibandha can lead to emotional disturbances such as anger. The study indicates that alleviating Vibandha through Ushnodakapana can also mitigate related psychological symptoms, thus improving overall mental well-being alongside physical health.

32) Yoga:
Yoga, mentioned in conjunction with Swasthavritta (health preservation), promotes overall well-being and can assist in managing conditions like Vibandha. Incorporating Yoga alongside Ushnodakapana may further enhance the treatment's effectiveness by improving digestion and reducing stress.

33) Mala:
Mala refers to waste products in the body, including feces. Effective elimination of Mala is crucial for health. The study focuses on how Ushnodaka can help soften Mala, making it easier to expel and thus relieving symptoms of Vibandha.

34) Sara (Shara):
Sara, referring to the nutritive essence of food, is important in Ayurvedic digestion. Proper management of conditions like Vibandha ensures that Sarakitta Vibhajana (proper separation of useful and waste parts) occurs efficiently, promoting good health. Ushnodaka aids this process by aiding digestion and elimination.

35) Jala:
Jala means water, a fundamental element in Ayurveda. The study emphasizes the use of Ushnodaka (hot water) in treating Vibandha, revealing its significant therapeutic properties in aiding digestion, promoting bowel movements, and maintaining overall health.