Standardization of complexion promoters: Yashtimadhu and Manjishta
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Standardization of varnya dravya (complexion promoters) with special reference to yashtimadhu and manjishta churna � an analytical study
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Divya Nagari N
Assistant Professor, Department of Samhita and Siddhanta, Sushruta Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangalore
Nagendraiah D N
Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna, Government Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangalore
Yogitha Bali M.R
Professor and HOD, Dept of Shareera Rachana, Sushrutha Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangalore
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Standardization of varnya dravya (complexion promoters) with special reference to yashtimadhu and manjishta churna � an analytical study
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v7i2.534
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The beauty and fairness of skin hold significant socio-medical importance, leading to various skin-lightening procedures in contemporary society. In Ayurveda, the concepts of beauty are encapsulated in terms like '³Õ²¹°ùṇa' (color), '°ä³óÄå²âÄå' (shade), and '±Ê°ù²¹²ú³óÄå' (lustre), which encompass the overall parameters indicative of healthy and radiant skin. Ayurvedic traditions emphasize the use of complexion promoters, referred to as 'Varnya dravya,' highlighting their role in restoring and maintaining the natural color and texture of the skin without changing its inherent complexion. The present study focuses on the standardization of two such complexion-promoting drugs, Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia) churna, through modern scientific techniques integrated with traditional knowledge.
Importance of Standardization
Standardization of herbal medicines is essential for confirming their identity, quality, and purity throughout their shelf life, storage, and use. The high variability in the chemical composition of herbal products presents challenges in quality control and assurance. To combat the prevalent issue of substitute drugs used in the pharmaceutical industry, a systematic approach towards the authentication of raw drugs is required. The study seeks to establish genuineness parameters for Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha churna utilizing various analytical techniques such as powder microscopy, preliminary phytochemical tests, and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). These methods serve as vital tools for the reliable identification and standardization of these herbal substances.
Phytochemical Analysis
Phytochemical tests for both Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha churna reveal the presence of crucial bioactive compounds, enhancing their reputation as effective complexion promoters. The study highlights the significance of components such as flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and triterpenoids, providing insights into their potential antioxidant and skin-lightening properties. For example, the active constituents in Yashtimadhu are known to inhibit melanin secretion, thereby aiding in the reduction of dark pigmentation. Similarly, Manjishtha churna is credited for its efficacy in promoting a more even skin tone and lightening dark spots, supported by its documented qualities in Ayurveda as a blood purifier and skin enhancer. These findings validate the traditional uses of these herbs through scientific exploration of their phytochemical profiles.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the standardization of Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha churna, as evidenced by the study, emphasizes the integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific methodologies. The research not only establishes substantive quality control measures for these herbal drugs but also affirms their therapeutic significance in Ayurvedic practice. Standardizing Ayurvedic drugs poses inherent challenges, particularly concerning the biological variability based on geographical factors, yet the systematic approaches outlined here provide a framework for ensuring quality and efficacy in herbal formulations. The successful implementation of these standardization protocols paves the way for improved acceptance and reliability of Ayurvedic medicines in contemporary healthcare.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study regarding Varnya Dravya?
The study focuses on the standardization of complexion-promoting drugs, specifically Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia) powders, to confirm their identity, quality, and purity through various analytical methods.
Why is standardization important in herbal drug manufacturing?
Standardization is crucial to ensure the quality and consistency of herbal drugs, reduce variability in chemical components, prevent the use of substitutes, and establish rigorous quality control measures that enhance trust in Ayurvedic medicines.
What methods are used for the standardization of Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha?
The standardization involved methods such as phytochemical testing, powder microscopy, loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis to identify and validate the herbal powders.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Standardization of complexion promoters: Yashtimadhu and Manjishta�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Yashtimadhu (Yastimadhu, Yashti-madhu):
Yashtimadhu, also known as Glycirrhizia glabra, is highlighted in the study for its role in complexion promotion due to its antioxidant activity. It contains phytochemicals like glycyrrhizin, which helps control melanin secretion in the skin, making the complexion fairer.
2) Drug:
In the context of this study, a drug refers to any raw medicinal substance utilized in the development of Ayurvedic medicines. Ensuring the purity and authenticity of each drug, such as Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha, is essential for effective treatment.
3) Powder:
The term powder here refers to the powdered form of the medicinal plants Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha. The standardized powders were subjected to various tests, including phytochemical analyses and HPTLC, to validate their efficacy and authenticity.
4) ³Õ²¹°ùṇy²¹ (Varnya):
³Õ²¹°ùṇy²¹ denotes substances that improve the skin's complexion. The study focuses on standardizing ³Õ²¹°ùṇy²¹ dravyas like Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha to ensure their efficacy and safety as complexion promoters.
5) Dravya:
Dravya refers to any substance or material used in Ayurvedic medicine. In this study, Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha are the key dravyas analyzed for their effectiveness in complexion promotion.
6) Nagari (Naga-ari):
[see source text or glossary: Nagari]
7) Divya:
[see source text or glossary: Divya]
8) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive chemical compounds found in plants. In this study, Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha powders were evaluated for various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, and coumarins among others, to ensure their medicinal properties.
9) Manjishtha (Manjistha, Mamjishtha):
Manjishtha, known scientifically as Rubia cordifolia, is studied for its skin care properties. It helps in making the complexion even and lightening dark spots. It contains active compounds like manjisthin, purpurine, and resins that contribute to its effectiveness.
10) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes natural healing. The study focuses on Ayurvedic drugs like Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha for their roles as complexion promoters and discusses their standardization processes.
11) Medicine:
The study explores herbal medicines derived from Ayurvedic practices. Medicinal plants like Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha are investigated for their efficacy in promoting a healthy skin complexion.
12) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of phytochemicals found in plants and are known for their antioxidant properties. Yashtimadhu contains flavonoids, which contribute to its ability to improve skin complexion by controlling melanin production.
13) Karnataka:
Karnataka is an Indian state where various elements of this study were conducted. Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha powders were collected from SDM pharmacy in Udupi, Karnataka, and the analyses were performed in research centers located within the state.
14) Science (Scientific):
The study uses scientific methods to validate traditional Ayurvedic knowledge. Modern analytical techniques like HPTLC and various phytochemical tests were employed to ensure the quality, efficacy, and safety of Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha powders.
15) Siddhanta (Siddha-anta, Siddhamta):
Siddhanta refers to Ayurvedic principles. Dr. Divya Nagari, one of the authors, is associated with the Department of Samhita and Siddhanta. The study adopts these principles for the systematic evaluation and standardization of the herbal powders.
16) Samhita:
Samhita refers to classical Ayurvedic texts that lay the foundation for various treatments and practices. Dr. Divya Nagari, co-author of the study, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Samhita and Siddhanta, indicating her expertise in these ancient texts.
17) Indian:
The study is conducted within the context of Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda. It highlights Indian practices and scientific techniques employed to validate the efficacy and safety of herbal drugs such as Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha.
18) Varna:
Varna encompasses all parameters of healthy and radiant skin. The study examines how Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha work as Varnya dravyas to restore and retain the natural color and texture of the skin.
19) India:
India is the birthplace and the primary context for the practice of Ayurveda. The study on Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha powders is grounded in Indian traditional medicine and scientific research methodologies applied within the country.
20) Rubia cordifolia:
Rubia cordifolia, also known as Manjishtha, is highlighted for its use as a skin care herb. This study investigates its active compounds and their roles in promoting an even skin complexion and lightening dark spots.
21) Purity:
Purity refers to the degree to which a drug is free from contaminants or adulterants. Ensuring the purity of Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha powders is a key aspect of the study for their effective and safe use in promoting complexion.
22) Glass:
[see source text or glossary: Glass]
23) Salt (Salty):
Salt, specifically in the form of Glycyrrhizin-salts, is present in Yashtimadhu. These salts contribute to its pharmacological properties, including its role in regulating skin pigmentation and promoting a fairer complexion.
24) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna refers to the study of the properties and actions of medicinal substances in Ayurveda. Co-author Nagendraiah D N is a professor in the Dept of Dravyaguna, emphasizing the focus on understanding the functional benefits of Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha.
25) Discussion:
The discussion segment of the study delves into the implications and interpretations of findings related to the standardization of Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha. It provides insights into the scientific validation of these Ayurvedic complexion promoters.
26) Knowledge:
Knowledge in this study combines traditional Ayurvedic wisdom with modern scientific approaches to validate and standardize Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha powders, ensuring they meet quality, efficacy, and safety standards.
27) Substance:
Substance in this context refers to the medicinal components of Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha. The standardization process includes identifying and ensuring the quality of these substances to confirm their medicinal properties.
28) Colouring (Coloring):
Colouring agents in Manjishtha, such as glucosides like Manjisthin and Purpurine, contribute to its skin care properties. The study examines these compounds to establish their roles in promoting an even skin complexion.
29) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit terms such as ³Õ²¹°ùṇa, ³Õ²¹°ùṇy²¹, °ä³óÄå²âÄå, and ±Ê°ù²¹²ú³óÄå are used in the study to describe Ayurvedic concepts related to beauty and complexion. These terms are fundamental in understanding the traditional basis of the research.
30) Mallika:
The study acknowledges Late Dr. Mallika K J for her guidance and support. She was a former professor in the Dept of Samhita & Siddhanta, and her contributions were significant in the context of the research.
31) Prabha:
±Ê°ù²¹²ú³óÄå in Ayurveda refers to the natural radiance and luster of the skin. The study aims to restore this ±Ê°ù²¹²ú³óÄå using Varnya dravyas like Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha by standardizing these herbal formulations.
32) Nature:
[see source text or glossary: Nature]
33) Chaya:
°ä³óÄå²âÄå refers to the skin's natural tone and shadow. The Ayurvedic concept of °ä³óÄå²âÄå is crucial in understanding how Varnya dravyas like Yashtimadhu and Manjishtha work to enhance and restore an individual's natural complexion.
34) Kumar:
Acknowledgment is given to Mr. KN Sunil Kumar for his support in analyzing the data. He is a former Research Officer in pharmacognosy, which suggests his role in the phytochemical evaluations conducted during the study.
35) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]
36) Blood:
Manjishtha is noted for its blood-purifying qualities, described as Raktashodhaka in Ayurveda. The purification of blood is linked to better skin health and complexion, which is part of the study's focus on Varnya dravyas.
37) Bali:
[see source text or glossary: Bali]
Other Science Concepts:
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Quality assurance, Quality Control, Biological properties, Rf value, Densitometric scan, Standardization of drug, Yashtimadhu Churna, Manjishtha churna, Tyrosinase inhibition, Phytochemical test, Complexion promoters, Varnya Dravya, Geographical source, Herbal drug technology, Ayur-cosmaceuticals.