Indigenous drugs for managing fissure-in-ano (parikartika)
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Collated upshot of indigenous drugs in the management of parikartika w.s.r to fissure-in-ano
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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*Gupta Sudesh
Associate professor, PG Department of Shalyatantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Nardni (Raipur), Jammu
Thapa Anuradha
PG Scholars, PG Department of Shalyatantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Nardni (Raipur), Jammu
Bansal Shivani
PG Scholars, PG Department of Shalyatantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Nardni (Raipur), Jammu
Madhu bala
PG Scholars, PG Department of Shalyatantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Nardni (Raipur), Jammu
Gupta Bhawana
Medical officer, National Rural Health Mission, PHC-Siot, District-Rajouri, Jammu
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Collated upshot of indigenous drugs in the management of parikartika w.s.r to fissure-in-ano
Year: 2016
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Fissure-in-ano, also known as Parikartika, is a common and painful condition characterized by a longitudinal tear in the anal canal. This condition predominantly affects males and females differently based on the location of the fissure, with males usually suffering from posterior fissures and females from anterior ones. The painful experience during and after defecation often leads to avoidance of bowel movements, resulting in constipation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of indigenous Ayurvedic treatments compared to standard modern medications in managing Parikartika, utilizing a clinical trial involving 30 patients.
Efficacy of Indigenous Ayurvedic Treatments
The investigation focused on the administration of various Ayurvedic treatments, including Vedanasthapana Kshaya, Karpoora Ghrita, Panchvalkala Kwatha, and Erandbhrshta Haritaki, contrasted with standard treatments such as Diclofenac sodium, Ofloxacin, and Ornidazole. The Ayurvedic group was administered a combination of internal and local therapies, including sitz baths, while the modern treatment group received conventional medications. The results showed statistically significant improvements in all symptoms assessed for both groups, demonstrating that the Ayurvedic treatments provided substantial relief, wound healing benefits, and potential for fewer side effects than their modern counterparts.
Safety and Side Effects
The study also underscored the distinctive side effects linked to the modern treatment regimen, such as peripheral neuropathy, gastrointestinal disturbances, and risks of serious complications including myocardial infarctions and renal damage. In contrast, the Ayurvedic preparations employed were noted for their therapeutic effects without producing adverse side effects. This highlights the significance of using natural remedies in treating Parikartika, as they not only alleviate symptoms effectively but also enhance the overall well-being of patients.
Conclusion
The findings of this study reveal that indigenous Ayurvedic drugs used in the management of Parikartika have considerable efficacy in pain relief, wound healing, and overall treatment outcomes. Specifically, the combination of Karpoora Ghrita, Erandbhrshta Haritaki, and other Ayurvedic therapies demonstrated valuable properties in healing fissures and managing associated pain. Unlike modern medications that may carry a high risk of adverse effects, the Ayurvedic approach appears to provide a safer and effective alternative for patients suffering from fissure-in-ano, reaffirming the potential for integrating traditional remedies into contemporary medical practice.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Parikartika and its symptoms?
Parikartika, similar to fissure-in-ano, is characterized by severe pain during defecation, burning sensation, and bleeding. Patients may experience reluctance to defecate, leading to constipation and further complications.
What treatments were studied for Parikartika?
The study compared Ayurvedic treatments, including Vedanasthapana Kshaya and Karpoora Ghrita, with modern medications like Ofloxacin and Diclofenac sodium. Both groups showed significant improvement in symptoms and healing, but Ayurveda offered a promising alternative.
What were the results of the study?
Results indicated that both treatment groups had statistically significant improvements. Ayurvedic drugs were effective in alleviating pain, promoting healing, and reducing side effects typically associated with modern medication.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Indigenous drugs for managing fissure-in-ano (parikartika)�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Pain:
Pain is a significant and subjective sensation experienced by patients suffering from fissure-in-ano. In this study, pain is a key symptom characterized by its unbearable, cutting, and burning nature, influencing the patient's quality of life.
2) Parikartika:
Parikartika is akin to a fissure-in-ano, described as a painful longitudinal tear in the anal canal. In Ayurvedic texts, it's linked to the vitiation of Doshas, particularly affecting bowel movements and causing severe discomfort.
3) Drug:
The term drug here refers to both modern medications (like Diclofenac sodium) and Ayurvedic formulations (such as Karpoora Ghrita and Vedanasthapana Kshaya) used in the treatment protocols for managing Parikartika or fissure-in-ano.
4) Vedanasthapana (Vedana-sthapana):
Vedanasthapana refers to measures aimed at pain relief. In this study, Vedanasthapana Kshaya is an Ayurvedic formulation used internally to act as a sedative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory remedy for patients with Parikartika.
5) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, like Karpoora Ghrita in this study, is clarified butter infused with medicinal herbs. It is used topically to reduce pain, itching, and burning sensations, and to promote the healing of ulcers.
6) Ulcer:
An ulcer, in the context of this study, refers to the painful and difficult-to-heal sores found in Parikartika or fissure-in-ano. The study compares the healing efficacy of Ayurvedic drugs versus modern medicine.
7) Haritaki:
Erandbhrshta Haritaki is an Ayurvedic preparation mentioned in the study. It is used internally at bedtime and acts as a laxative, and also possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcerative properties.
8) Disease:
In this context, the disease refers to Parikartika or fissure-in-ano, a painful condition resulting from a tear in the anal canal due to vitiated Doshas and irregular bowel movements.
9) Kshaya (Ksaya):
[see source text or glossary: Kshaya]
10) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa in Ayurveda denotes taste and is significant in understanding the pharmacological actions of herbs. For instance, Kashaya Rasa (astringent taste) and Katu Rasa (pungent taste) are used in the treatments described in the study.
11) Guna:
Guna refers to the inherent qualities or attributes of a substance in Ayurvedic medicine. For instance, the study refers to Guru (heavy), Rooksha (dry), and Sheeta Guna (cold) in its formulations to promote healing.
12) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine. The study investigates Ayurvedic treatments like Karpoora Ghrita, Vedanasthapana Kshaya, and Panchvalkala Kwatha for managing Parikartika, showcasing their efficacy and holistic approach.
13) Ropana:
[see source text or glossary: Ropana]
14) Gupta:
Gupta, specifically Dr. Sudesh Gupta, is the associate professor responsible for this research study on Parikartika. Contact details and affiliations are provided for correspondence and credibility.
15) Nature:
Nature in this study pertains to the characteristics of symptoms experienced by patients, such as the nature of pain being cutting, burning, and sometimes unbearable in cases of fissure-in-ano or Parikartika.
16) Vrana:
Vrana, or wound, is essential in this context as the study focuses on managing the painful ulcers associated with Parikartika. Healing Vrana involves utilizing various Ayurvedic medications with Ropana properties.
17) Guru:
Guru Guna, meaning heavy, is one of the qualities of Ayurvedic substances used in treating Parikartika. It helps in scrapping away unhealthy tissues and drying up discharge, thus aiding in wound healing.
18) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation is a common symptom in patients with fissure-in-ano. The study examines Ayurvedic treatments like Karpoora Ghrita and sitz baths, which provide relief from such distressing sensations.
19) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalya-tantra, synonymous with Shalyatantra, is the Ayurvedic discipline of surgery. It includes treatments for fissure-in-ano, like those described in the study, ensuring holistic and effective management of such conditions.
20) Katurasa (Katu-rasa):
Katu-Rasa denotes the pungent taste in Ayurveda, considered effective in reducing local discharge, irritation, and preventing excessive granulation tissue formation. It is an integral part of the Ayurvedic treatment mentioned in the study.
21) Medicine:
Medicine here refers to the combination of modern and Ayurvedic treatments evaluated in the study for their effectiveness in managing Parikartika. Both medicines aimed at pain relief and healing properties.
22) Snigdha:
Snigdha Guna implies an unctuous quality in Ayurveda. In the context of this treatment, it aids in promoting smoother healing, reducing pain, and not aggravating the Doshas, which facilitates better treatment outcomes.
23) Vipaka:
[see source text or glossary: Vipaka]
24) Nausea:
Nausea is listed among the side effects of modern drugs like Diclofenac sodium and Ofloxacin used in one of the study groups, highlighting a potential drawback compared to Ayurvedic alternatives.
25) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, responsible for metabolic processes. Vitiation of Pitta is a factor in developing Parikartika, and the treatment aims to balance it to relieve symptoms.
26) Karma (Karman):
Karma, or actions/procedures, is referenced regarding treatments conducted in Ayurveda for conditions like Parikartika. Historical texts mention this as a complication arising from other diseases and medical interventions.
27) Blood:
Routine blood tests such as Hb%, TLC, DLC, and ESR are recommended in the study to exclude systemic diseases that might complicate the treatment of Parikartika, ensuring a focused approach on the fissure.
28) Katu:
[see source text or glossary: Katu]
29) Pala:
[see source text or glossary: Pala]
30) Food:
Food, particularly unhealthy eating habits, is identified as a contributing factor leading to the vitiation of Doshas and the resultant digestive disturbances manifesting as Parikartika in patients.
31) Vranashodhana (Vranasodhana, Vrana-shodhana):
Vrana-shodhana refers to wound cleansing in Ayurveda. The study highlights how indigenous drugs facilitate this process, helping clean the wound and promoting healing by removing toxins and unhealthy tissues.
32) Vranaropana (Vrana-ropana):
Vrana-ropana means wound healing in Ayurveda. This study investigates Ayurvedic treatments' effectiveness in promoting Vrana-ropana for Parikartika (fissure-in-ano), leading to better patient recovery without adverse effects.
33) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a bodily response to injury and is a significant issue in fissure-in-ano. Ayurvedic treatments like Panchvalkala Kwatha have anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce this and promote healing.
34) Irritation:
Irritation is a symptom characterized by itching and discomfort in fissure-in-ano. Ayurvedic treatments like Karpoora Ghrita and Panchvalkala Kwatha sitz baths provide relief and support the healing process.
35) Depression:
Depression may not be directly mentioned but can be inferred as an adverse effect due to the prolonged pain and discomfort associated with Parikartika. Emotional wellbeing is a consideration in holistic treatment.
36) Anulomana:
[see source text or glossary: Anulomana]
37) Tiktarasa:
[see source text or glossary: Tiktarasa]
38) Vitiation (Vitiated):
The vitiation of Doshas, particularly Vata and Pitta, causes disturbances in the digestive tract leading to Parikartika. The study aims to balance these Doshas through Ayurvedic treatments for effective management.
39) Vibandha:
[see source text or glossary: Vibandha]
40) Shodhana (Sodhana):
[see source text or glossary: Shodhana]
41) Shoshana (Sosana):
[see source text or glossary: Shoshana]
42) Vomiting:
Vomiting is noted as a side effect of modern drugs mentioned in the study like Diclofenac sodium. This underscores the advantage of Ayurvedic alternatives which aim at healing without such adverse effects.
43) Pregnant:
Pregnant women are excluded from the study to avoid any potential health risks and ensure that the results are applicable to the general adult population without confounding variables.
44) Madhura:
[see source text or glossary: Madhura]
45) Sukshma (Suksma, Shukshma):
[see source text or glossary: Sukshma]
46) Shivani (Sivani):
Shivani Bansal is one of the co-authors and researchers involved in this study. Alongside others, she contributed to the investigation of the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatments for Parikartika.
47) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya Rasa, or astringent taste, is a property of certain Ayurvedic drugs used in the study. It helps reduce inflammation and discharge, promoting wound healing in Parikartika.
48) Vertigo:
Vertigo is listed among the side effects of modern medicines like Diclofenac sodium and Ofloxacin, highlighting one of the advantages of using side-effect-free Ayurvedic treatments.
49) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
[see source text or glossary: Tantra]
50) Shalya (Salya):
[see source text or glossary: Shalya]
51) Pidana:
[see source text or glossary: Pidana]
52) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three fundamental bodily humors in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Vitiation of Doshas is central to the pathogenesis of Parikartika, and their balance is aimed at in treatments.
53) Kapha:
Kapha, one of the three Doshas, when vitiated, contributes to the development of Parikartika. Ayurvedic therapies aim to balance Kapha to help relieve symptoms like pain and inflammation associated with fissures.
54) Madhu:
Madhu Bala is one of the co-authors of this study, who researched the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatments for Parikartika, contributing to the findings on alternative treatment methods.
55) Laghu:
[see source text or glossary: Laghu]
56) Kleda:
[see source text or glossary: Kleda]
57) Tikta:
Tikta Rasa, meaning bitter taste, is a quality of certain Ayurvedic drugs highlighted in this study. It helps in Srotoshodhana (channel clearing) and discourages excessive granulation tissue, aiding in wound healing.
58) Dhatu:
[see source text or glossary: Dhatu]
59) India:
India, specifically Jammu, is where the study was conducted at the Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research. The research highlights indigenous Indian Ayurvedic practices in managing Parikartika.
60) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]
61) Sugar:
Sugar levels in urine tests are part of the routine blood investigations for this study, ensuring no underlying systemic conditions like diabetes complicate the treatment of Parikartika.
62) Edema (Oedema):
Edema, or swelling, is a symptom commonly present in fissure-in-ano. The study emphasizes how Ayurvedic treatments like Panchvalkala Kwatha can effectively reduce such symptoms and aid in healing.
63) Tapa:
Anuradha Thapa is one of the postgraduate scholars co-authoring this study. Her role included contributing to the clinical trials assessing Ayurvedic treatments for Parikartika.
64) Picu:
[see source text or glossary: Pichu]
65) Carva:
[see source text or glossary: Sarva]
66) Bala:
Madhu Bala is a named contributor in the research team. Her inclusion signifies the collaborative effort in evaluating the Ayurvedic management of Parikartika alongside other co-authors.
67) Yoga:
[see source text or glossary: Yoga]
68) Vata:
Vata Dosha, when vitiated, leads to conditions like Parikartika, causing pain and constipation. Ayurvedic treatments focus on balancing Vata to alleviate these symptoms, improving patient outcomes.
69) Diet:
Diet plays a crucial role in Ayurveda. Unhealthy food habits are identified as primary contributors to the vitiation of Doshas leading to Parikartika. Addressing dietary factors is essential in managing the condition.
Other Science Concepts:
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Sitz-bath, Clinical trial, Antimicrobial properties, Biological clock, Subjective Criteria, Objective Criteria, Fissure-in-ano, Anal dilatation, Management of Parikartika, Statistically Significant Change, Panchvalkala kwatha, Pain assessment criteria, Indigenous Drug, Side effect.