365bet娱乐

It is but natural that in a purely literary work like the Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala, the references to details regarding civil administration are casual and they may not give an exhaustive picture. Even then we can collate the few details scattered all over the work to get as clear a picture as possible. The government being monarchic in nature, the king was the supreme authority 鈻� in all the three branches of the governmental machinery, viz., executive, judiciary and military. Kingship was hereditary and the prince was educated and brought up to this end. In the latter half of his teems he was duly annointed and appointed as the heir-apparent, with the sole purpose of training him up so as to be able to efficiently shoulder regal responsibilities. The position of an heir-apparent was one of an active vice-king or/second-in-command to the king. a In the absence of a male child to the king, the chief minister selected a fitting prince who was trained up for the position, as in the case of Harivahana who was made to - 101. Tilakamanjari,p.19 (9拢拢.) pauralokaparitosa he toca vasantadisu samvisesa pravrtto tsavam nirgatya nagari aya rata 1 " -

669 1 propitiate the mystic Vidyas and then crowned on the throne of Vikramabahu.102 The king was assisted in his work by a number of ministers of different categories, of which Dhanapala has mentioned afew, such as Pradhana-mantri, Mahamantri, Mantri, Pradhana-buddhisaciva, Buddhisaciva, and Narmasaciva. The sons of the ministers were also trained up as prospective ministers in companionship, and under the authority of the heir-apparent. Each of the territorial division was administered by different officers like Mandaladhipati and others. Radian Particular pieces of territory were earmarked for, and duly distributed under the royal orders to, the princes, ministers and others to enable them to maintain themselves from the proceeds of the taxes thereof. Thus, the whole of the Uttarapatha consisting of Kasmira and other Mandalas with all their cities and districts was reserved for the princely maintenance of the heirapparent Prince Harivahana. Similarly, King Meghavahana granted Anga and other Janapadas to prince Samaraketu, the pricipal companion, appointed to the heir-apparent. 102. Tilakamanjari, pp.401-403. .103 路 100. 1bia, p. 103 (14陇拢.) - abhyarna vartibhira ne kaih pradhananagara grama rupa tam kumara bhukta vakhilamuttaraparyam mayam babhuva | 104 The kasmiradi mandala pratibadaih 104. ibid.,p.103 (16II.) - samaraketoca sarvadaya sahitana kajivana 鈥�adi- janapada nyayacchat | t

670 minister Surananda was evidently granted a well-defined territory, a part of which he could donate for building a religious sanctury (dharmaranya). 105 The commander Kamalagupta was likewise given a number of cities and villages for his maintenance.106 Later on when King Meghavahana, } before retirement, crowned Harivahana on his throne and transferred his regal power to him, the latter also distributed well-demarked pieces of territory for the maintenance 107. of the princely companions of his childhood. This system of administering the territory by distribution of the proceeds thereof generated a sense of responsibility in the administration and promoted the welfare of the subjects who were properly protected and consequently loved their king. There were ministers and officers in charge of royal treasury and all the transactions regarding taking out and depositing the contents thereof were to be done in the presense of witnesses. Thus, Vijayavega informed King Meghavahana that the Balaruna ring which he had obtained from the king himself was returned, along with the booty of the 105. Tilakamanjari,p.182(3). 106. mantrina suranandena nimrmapita dhammarinyam +ke ibid.,p.182(7ff.)-77: 鈥�, p.182 (7ff.) -- itah pradesadarabhya pascimena samagro'pi grama- nagaragramom vilam 鈥�bhu ke senanyah kampalamguptasya | 1 108 107. 1b 1d. p. 427 (22) harivahano'pi suniranu bhutaklesasya gunavato bala- sevakaganasya visranitaneka medini mandalah | prayatnasamraksitapranam --- 108. ibid.,p.427(4) -- ...

1 671 expedition, in the presence of witnesses, to Mahodadhi, the pricipal officer in charge of the royal jewel-treasury. Though there is no reference to any type of coinage, we have a passing one to cowrie (kakini) which seems to have 110 been utilized as a piece of the lowest denomination. The minister in charge of religion and justice (dharmastheya) saw to it that no injustice was done to anybody. 111 Along with the ministers, the heads of various communities of the cities seem to have been attending the court and their advice may have been sought on various occasions; 112 They had a free access to the king. As to the various types of punishments prevalent in those in those days, Dhanapala has referred to the practices like scolding (tarjana), beating (tadana), arresting 114 (bandha), threshing (vyadha or vadha), killing (marana), cutting off hands and feet (kara-carana-kalpana), banishment (svadesa-nirvasana), public humiliation by forcing --- 71211 109. Tilakamanjari,p.81 (18ff.) deva balarunabhidhanam divyan 鈥�guliyakastana aba nisvadyamanibhusanaganaih sameta makhilaratna ko sadhyaksasyai mahoda 鈥�dheh ssa- ksika samarpita mityavadharayatu divyadrst 鈥�ya devah --- --- 110. cf. ibid., p.406(13ff.).. Engisfa 32.4: Alan sifat kakinimapi na dadati | 111. 1b 1d.,p.15(3) -- ajhaivanyayam nyasedhyaddharmo dharmma stheyah ... 1 112. cf. ibid., p.68(16ff.)-312-4 files paurah samajagmuh | 113. ibid.,p.15(13). 114. ibid., p.15(15); and 291(9) saja... 1 - " samagranagaralokagresaraca

672 the culprit to ride a donkey, possibly with his face to- 路 wards the tail of the animal, and any other punishment prescribed by the Niti treasises in accordance with Dharmasastra; conniving at a breach of law was considered a 115 shortcoming on the part of the ruler. 116 There are a few glimpses of the lot of the village people under unscrupulous officers who tried to usurp the crops of the tillers in a bid to forcibly extract bribe from them. Loot and robbery were a common calamity in rural area, and the money-lender (thakkura ) also clained his pound of flesh by confiscating the houses of poor village debtors who were consequently made to wander, with 117 their belongings, from door to door for shelter.