365bet娱乐

Vimalasuri was, as discussed in the preceding pages, not only. well-acquainted with the Valmiki Ramayana but was also influenced by it. A comparision of Rama-story of both the works has revealed that the Paumacariyam has many differences with the Valmiki Ramayana as regards the details. How we shall systematically arrange those differences and try to find out whether the differences have been willfuly affected by Vimalasuri to mould the Rama-story in a way different from that of Valmiki Ramayana or he had backing of some other tradition. The differences reveal the following peculiarities in the Paumacariya : There is largely absence of (1) Worderful elements; (2) Divine elements; (3) Exaggerations and (4) Unbelievable things. (5) The story sounds realistic. (6) Under various circumstances the characters have been elevated and (7) Brahmanical atmosphere. (8) The story phere; and (9) there are some other elements fitting in with the story of Vimalasuri's plan and pattern. 1. Absence of Wonderful Elements : there is total absence of moves in the Jaina atmosNo golden deer. No magnifying of his body by Hanumat. No talking with the Mainaka mountain. No reference to Hanumat's assuming the form like a cat. No attempt of Hanumat to grab the sun.

SOURCES, CONTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCE OF PCv. 2. Absence of Divine Elements : way. 253 No DevaRama and his brothers are born in natural a Asura battle. Samudra is not the deity of the sea but a ruler. Lankasundari is not the deity of the city but a Raksasa woman. Appearance of Dasarahta's spirit and God Mahendra etc. at the time of Sita's fire-ordeal at Lanka is not found. Indra is not the celestial Lord but a Vidyadhara king. Anjana is a human Vidhyadhari and not a nymph. Vali, Sugriva and Hanu all are born in a natural No grant of immortality to Ravana. No entry of Sita into the splitted earth. way. 3. Absence of Exaggerations : No burning of Lanka. No construction of a bridge across the sea by the monkeys. No diabolical character of Kumbhakarna. No cruelties of the Raksasas. 4. Absence of Unbelievable things: No wonderful birth of Sita. Depiction of Jatayu as a bird only and not as a semi-human being. No creation of illusory severd head of Rama or assassination of illusory Sita. No bringing of any mountain by Hanumat. No reviving of the dead Vanaras to life. 5. Realistic Exposition : human The Vidyadharas, Vanaras and the Raksasas are depicted as races and not as divine or semi-divine being or demons. Vali, Sugriva, Hanu etc are born in a natural way. Realistic exposition of the story of Indra and his Lokapalas. No ten faces of Ravana. Dasaratha's battle with the disgruntled candidates at the 'svayamvara' of Kaikeyi in place of Deva-Asura battle. Sita is the legal daughter of the parents, Janaka and Videha. 6. Characters Elevated : For details see Infra, 'Characterisation' under Ch. 11. Sec. 3E. 7. Absence of Brahmanical Atmosphere: No reference to Asvamedha and Putresti Yajna of Dasaratha. No incarnation of Rama as Visnu. No reference to the protection of the Yajna of Visvamitra by Rama. No promise of Rama to annihilate the Raksasas who used to destroy Brahmanical Yajnas. Sambuka is not a Sudra and he is not killed by Rama. Satrughna's battle with Lavana and Madhu is purely political and not for helping hermits,

254 A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM Muni Valmiki is replaced by king Vajrajangha. No horse-sacrifice of Rama. No God Sankara's encounter with Ravana on the Kailasa. Various Brahmanical tales incorporated in the first and the seventh kandas of Valmiki Ramayana are not found in the Paumacariya 8. Jaina Environment: Rama, Laksmana and Ravana are eighth Baladeva, Vasudeva and Prativasudeva of the Jaina mythology respectively. During his journey Rama ameliorates the conditions of devout Jaina rulers and pays respects to Jaina monks. Many wives of Rama and Laksmana are in accordance with the Jaina Mythology that more the number of wives more the glory of Baladeva and Vasudeva. All the characters are devout Jains. They renounce the world in the ending days of their life. Most of the intervening stories and religious discourses are introduced to propagate Jaina doctrines and ethics. 9. Some other Elements to suit the story of the Paumacariya : Prophecy about Ravana's death at the hands of a son of Dasaratha. Dasaratha's disappearance and attending the 'svayamvara' of Kaikeyi. Bhamandala-episode and the bow. Killing of Sambuka by Laksmana and Ravana's appearance on the scene. Episode of Ratnajatin. Episode of Viradhita Visalya as a surgeon. Aparajita's message to Rama through Narada.