Exploring Egyptian Wordplay with 'hbi' (Ibis)': Four Examples
Journal name: Acta Orientalia
Original article title: Zu einigen mit ägyptisch „hbi� „Ibis� gebildeten Wortspielen
ACTA ORIENTALIA is a journal focused on the study of Oriental languages, history, archaeology, and religions from ancient times to the present. The journal includes articles reviewed by a senior scholar in the relevant field.
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Original source:
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Stefan Bojowald
Acta Orientalia:
(Founded in 1922 and published annually)
Full text available for: Zu einigen mit ägyptisch „hbi� „Ibis� gebildeten Wortspielen
Year: 2014 | Doi: 10.5617/ao.4466
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
This text, authored by Stefan Bojowald from the University of Bonn, discusses the phenomenon of wordplay in the ancient Egyptian language, particularly focusing on plays involving the word "hbi," meaning "ibis." It highlights the rich heritage of literary evidence that includes various forms of puns and suggests that wordplay has long been a subject of interest in the field of philology. The study takes its roots in early Egyptological research and showcases four examples of wordplay connected to "hbi."
The Concept of Phonetic Play
One of the significant areas of exploration within the text is the phonetic relationship between "hbi" (ibis) and "by" (ba), which signifies the "soul" or "spirit." The author presents several examples sourced from a Demotic text, pLouvre E. 3452, where these words appear in close proximity. The repetitive use of "by" and "hbi" in various contexts suggests a deliberate stylistic choice, drawing a connection between the ibis and the concept of the "ba." The study indicates that the underlying phonetic changes between "i" and "h" may be implicated in creating this wordplay, alluding to a broader phonological phenomenon observed in the Egyptian language.
The Interplay of Meaning and Sound
Another critical analysis revolves around the relationship between the word "hbi" (ibis) and "hAb" (to send). Using two examples, Bojowald examines how sound changes and elisions contribute to creating a play on words. The first example reflects interactions with the deity Thoth, linking the sending of messages with the ibis, seen as a significant figure of representation for Thoth. The author notes that the reduction of certain phonemes, particularly the vowel sounds, facilitates the emergence of these puns. This aspect emphasizes how sound transformations can create semantic links in ancient texts, illustrating the intricacies of Egyptian linguistic structures.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the exploration of wordplay in the context of "hbi" offers valuable insights into ancient Egyptian language and literature. By examining the phonetic aspects and the interplay of meaning, Bojowald illuminates the nuanced ways in which Egyptians employed language creatively. Such studies enhance our understanding of cultural expression and the linguistic sophistication present in ancient texts. The author notes the potential for future research to uncover further examples and deepen insights into this fascinating aspect of Egyptian philology.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of Stefan Bojowald's article?
The article investigates Egyptian wordplay, specifically focusing on plays involving the word 'hbi,' meaning 'ibis.' Bojowald explores four examples of such wordplay and analyzes their phonetic and literary significance.
What are some key terms associated with the article's topic?
Key terms include Egyptian philology, Egyptian wordplay, and the term 'hbi' for 'ibis.' These terms highlight the thematic focus on linguistic creativity within ancient Egyptian literature.
How has the word 'hbi' evolved over time?
According to Osing, the original form 'hbw' evolved into 'hbi' as the final 'w' transitioned to 'i.' This phonetic change indicates the word's historical development within the ancient Egyptian language.
What is the significance of the examples provided in the article?
The examples illustrate the use of wordplay involving 'hbi' and 'by' (ba), showing how the two terms are connected. They deepen our understanding of ancient Egyptian thought and language.
What methods of analysis does Bojowald apply to the wordplay?
Bojowald applies phonetic criteria to explore sound changes, homophony, and metathesis to explain the wordplay. This analytical approach reveals the linguistic complexity and aesthetic aspects of ancient Egyptian texts.
Glossary definitions and references:
Oriental and Historical glossary list for “Exploring Egyptian Wordplay with 'hbi' (Ibis)': Four Examples�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of History, Linguistics, Religion, Philosophy, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism etc.
1) Book:
The text references 'The Demotic Mortuary Papyrus Louvre E. 3452' and 'The ancient Egyptian Book of Thot,' both of which are critical for examining Egyptian wordplay and the 'ibis' symbol. These books are rich in examples and analysis relevant to the topic.
2) Literature:
Literary sources in the text, such as historical Egyptian writings, demonstrate the rich tradition of wordplay involving the term 'hbi' meaning 'ibis.' Such literature is fundamental in studying ancient Egyptian philology and their poetic devices.
3) Knowledge:
The text delves into different Egyptian wordplays, contributing to the broader understanding of ancient Egyptian knowledge. Analyses include referencing various researchers, enriching our comprehension of linguistic transformations over time.
4) Egypt:
The central focus is on Egyptian language and literature, particularly the word 'hbi' (ibis). Egypt offers a historical and cultural backdrop for exploring these linguistic phenomena in the context of its rich heritage.
5) Sound:
Sound plays a critical role in the discussed wordplays, especially concerning phonetic alterations like those between 'i' and 'h.' Such phonetic shifts are essential to understanding the mechanics of these puns in the Egyptian language.
6) Jacob:
[see source text or glossary: Jacob]
7) Bang:
[see source text or glossary: Bang]
8) Language:
The text primarily analyzes the ancient Egyptian language, focusing on its phonetic and lexical nuances. This serves as a basis for understanding the complexities and richness of wordplay in Egyptian writings.
9) Religion:
Religious texts such as those concerning Thot emphasize the 'ibis' symbol and its various attributes, highlighting the intertwining of language and religious culture in ancient Egypt.
10) Grammar:
The text references grammatical elements, particularly in ancient Egyptian and Demotic scripts, necessary for deciphering and understanding the intricate wordplays involving 'hbi' (ibis).
11) India:
The document is 'Acta Orientalia 2014,' which is printed in India, adding an international dimension to the philological research and scholarly discussions of ancient Egyptian language and literature.
12) Ocean:
References like 'On the primaeval ocean' indicate the thematic contexts within which 'ibis' related wordplays might surface, further connecting lexical studies to broader mythological elements in Egyptian texts.
13) Heart:
In discussing the wordplay example 'ntk wDa ib hbi mi', the text illustrates how 'hbi' (ibis) is metaphorically tied to the concept of 'heart,' enhancing the understanding of figurative language in Egyptian texts.
14) Peace:
One of the wordplay examples translates to 'The ba is jubilant in the form of an ibis, coming in peace to the veritable great of five,' showcasing how language intertwines with themes of peace and harmony.
15) Tree:
The phrase 'the ibis (was) upon the ebony tree' exemplifies another wordplay involving 'hbi' (ibis), demonstrating how everyday objects like trees are used in linguistic creativity.
16) Dead:
References to Egyptian concepts of the 'Ba' and mortuary texts such as 'The Demotic Mortuary Papyrus Louvre E. 3452' underscore the language associated with the dead and afterlife vocabulary.
17) Shaka (Saka):
The text mentions various researchers and their works, describing a continuing 'saga' of scholarly investigation and interpretation of Egyptian wordplay, reflecting a rich academic history.