365betÓéÀÖ

The sacred complex of Billeswar Devalaya (study)

by Rajesh Kakati | 2019 | 72,486 words

This essay studies the sacred complex of Billeswar Devalaya by exploring the historical, cultural, and religious significance of this ancient shrine in Assam (northeastern India). It emphasizes how this temple, also known as Billbeshwar Devaloy, functions as a focal point of faith and tradition for the surrounding communities. The research further ...

Part 1.1 - A Glimpse of Nalbari District

Assam is located towards the east of India with ancient historical legacy and cultural traits replete with mixture various traditions after the establishment of Kamrup derived from a Puranic legend of restoring the life of Kamdev at the behest of his wife, Ratidevi’s relentless prayer to Lord Shiva after his distortion of meditation in the name of his wife-goddess Parvati. Assam is a state of India locating itself at 24 to 28 degree north latitude and 90 to 97 degree east longitude. Originally it was Pragjotish since the time of King Mahiranga, the father of King Narakasur. Beden powell, a British Scholar in his book �Indian Village Community� called this territory as ‘So Sam� whose meaning is plain land. Dr. Banikanta Kakati said that Assam is derived from a Tai word-‘Sam� with a prefix ‘Aa� that implies unsurpassable and unique. The uniqueness of Assam during that time was realized by all scholars and travelers due to its natural panoramic beauty. According to Census report: 2011 the total area of Assam is 78,438 sq km. containing total population of 3,12,05,576. In present times, Assam has 33 districts lying upon the Brahmaputra and Barak Valley.

The history of Nalbari is ancient. From the ancient times Nalbari has been contributing enough to the entire culture of the country. During the pre-historic times it was under the dominance of Naraka-Bhagadatta. Subsequently, it came under the kings of Barman, Salastambha, Pal, Khen, Koch, Moghul, Ahom, British. For a brief period, the territory of Nalbari was under the Bhuyan regime. It is noteworthy to say that during the time of Chaliya, Mathura, Phengua, Haradatta-Biradatta, Nalbari acquired the status of independent state. Of late, Nalbari is a district that got recognition in 1985. (Baruah: 2010: 01) A glimpse of history of Nalbari has been added in the introductory part only to narrate the stature of Billeswar Devalaya.

Till the declaration of Subdivision in 1967, Nalbari was just a part of Kamrup district. But in 14th August of 1985, Nalbari became a full-fledged district which surrounded by Baksa district in the north, Kamrup district in the east and south, Barpeta district in the west. Total area of Nalbari district is 1,052 sq km whose total population is 7,71,639. Male and female population respectively is 3,96,006 and 3,75,633. Total village population is 6,88,909 and urban population is 82,730. Population density is 733 per sq km. Literacy rate is 78.63. Male and female literacy is 84.36 and 72.57 respectively. The literacy rate in village area is 72.22 and in urban area is 89.89. There are eight development blocks in the district. The major river flows through the district is the Brahmaputra. 

The tributaries of the mighty Brahmaputra are: 

  1. Pagladiya, 
  2. Boroliya, 
  3. Burhadiya, 
  4. Puthimari and 
  5. Tihu. 

The major visiting places in the district are:

  1. Harimandir, 
  2. Billeswar Devalaya, 
  3. Balilecha Sri Sri Kali Mandir, 
  4. Joypal Than, 
  5. Ganga Pukhuri, 
  6. Barama, 
  7. Dhamdhama, 
  8. Ghograpar, 
  9. Chamata, 
  10. Borbhag. 

Nalbari district is located at 26 degree N and latitude and 91 degree E and 91.47 degree E longitude. The entire district comprises 471 villages. Rural population is 687368 and urban population is 82551.

According to the anthropologists and the linguists, all the Indian people are classified into six groups. Amongst these, the land of Assam is inhabited by five groups. These are: Negrito, Proto-astroloid, Mongoloid, Mediterranean and Nordic. 

Assam is a habitat for various tribes and sub-tribes. These are: 

  1. Aka, 
  2. Abar, 
  3. Khasi, 
  4. Garo, 
  5. Dimasa Kashari, 
  6. Sonowal Kacshari, 
  7. Rabha, 
  8. Chutiya,
  9. Mikir
  10. Mizo, 
  11. Naga
  12. Manipuri, 
  13. Miri etc. 

These are the non-Aryan people, But Brahman, Kayastha and Kalita-these are Aryan people. Moreover that since the early time of 13th century Assam started to be the target place of foreign people owing to the different historical events and other sociological phenomena. The Muslim people started to live in Assam since 1205. According to the stone inscription of Kanai Barashi Boya. They were inducted in the social process of Assam after the aggression of Baktiyar Khilji the ruler of Banga that occurred on account of the insistence of Mohammad Ghori, the Emperor of Delhi. In the year of 1228, the people of Shyamdesh entered Assam through the northeast corner under the leadership of Sukapha who were subsequently known as Ahom. They ruled Assam from 1228 till Yandaboo Treaty in 1826 under the auspices of British. In fact, the Assamese racial formation started under the leadership of Sukapha. Migration of people in abundance particularly from Purva Banga or Bangladesh started to Assam after independence in 1947 had impacted the entire demography of Assam. The process still continues making a social imbroglio and presently becomes a major political issue.

This historical account is obviously helpful in deciphering the continuation of any historical monument, temple, satra, devalaya etc. As a matter of fact, Billeswar Devalaya carries all the traits of the past history efficiently though it faces continual modification, diversification and change.

Let's grow together!

I humbly request your help to keep doing what I do best: provide the world with unbiased sources, definitions and images. Your donation direclty influences the quality and quantity of knowledge, wisdom and spiritual insight the world is exposed to.

Let's make the world a better place together!

Like what you read? Help to become even better: