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Vratas depicted in the Gangajala (study)

by Maitreyee Goswami | 2018 | 55,000 words

This page relates ‘Preface� of the study dealing with the Vratas (vows) depicted in the Gangajala—a Smriti-Nibandha, i.e., a text belonging to the Kamarupa School of Dharma-shastra literature which deals with social topics, religious rites and local traditions. The term Vrata refers to ritual vows aimed at spiritual and moral purification. This essay explores its socio-religious implications reflecting medieval Assam.

Preface

In the Post-Vedic literature, next to ṛt comes the ṛtnibandha literature. It enriches the domain of ٳ󲹰śٰ (ٳ󲹰śٰ). In the context of Assam, this literature is found composed during the mediaeval period (1200-1826 CE). The ҲṅgᲹ is a ṛtnibandha of this period belonging to the ʰ峦īԲṛt class of the 峾ū貹 School of ٳ󲹰śٰ. It may more precisely be called a ղⲹٳṃg from the aspects of its genre and treatment. This literature is a collection of codes of the Hindu laws by the application of which, the religious heads of different institutions of Assam earn the privilege to guide the Hindu society. But unfortunately, the above valuable work and its author have yet to receive due attention of the scholars of ٳ󲹰śٰ in Indian context. The reason behind this is the problem of its script in its printed version. Had the script of the ҲṅgᲹ been in ٱ𱹲岵ī, the scholars of ٳ󲹰śٰ would have found it easier to interpret in Indian context. This shortcoming has occurred when Bengali script occupied the printed version of the ҲṅgᲹ. It should be borne in mind that, all the manuscripts of ҲṅgᲹ that are available to us in Assam, are in old Assamese script. In fact, both the two languages i.e., Assamese and Bengali bear similarities mostly in structure of the scripts. These similarities may create some sort of regional understandings between them. But it cannot generate expected amount of national cohesion, so long the scripts of one language remain beyond the knowledge of the people used to another language. The text of the ҲṅgᲹ is probably due to this reason that the circulation as well as popularity of the ҲṅgᲹ had to face limitation, covering the area belonging to Assam and a part of Bengal only. It suggests performance of Vratas as a possible means to eradicate sin. Thus sins or moral lapses generally are supposed to be due to involvement of ⾱첹, 峦첹 and Բ첹 and ṃsṣa etc., which may be expiated through the performance of Vrata and .

The Vratas in Indian context, is seen practicing in a pervasive way since past. All people can perform it in the mode of Ekabhakta, Nakta, 峦ٲ etc., besides Գṣṭī, Śٰ etc. People with the objectives of earning virtue, progeny, prosperity, bliss and to get rid of the sins, have been practicing it with devotion, whatsoever, tiresome the mode of performance may be.

With this end in view, Dāmodara Miśra has incorporated a good number of Vratas, mostly prevalent in Assam in his ҲṅgᲹ. Some of them are pan-Indian in nature and some are local and prominent. As ҲṅgᲹ is a ṛtnibandha, it chiefly regulates the codes of Hindu laws, but finds no scope to deal with them in a massive way. An extensive and systematic deliberation on them, is not found undertaken so far. Therefore, the proposed thesis entitled An Interpretative Study of the Vratas Depicted in the ҲṅgᲹ is an attempt to expose the importance of the Vratas in the Hindu society particularly of Assam, besides paving a way to raise the status of ҲṅgᲹ and its author in Indian context.

The present thesis is divided into six chapters. In the opening chapter, an introduction to ٳ󲹰śٰ, its aims and objectives, relation with ṛtԾԻ, the 峾ū貹 School of ٳ󲹰śٰ besides, the advent of Vedic culture in Assam along with a note on ҲṅgᲹ, its author and sources, are taken for deliberation. In the second chapter, besides the genre of the ҲṅgᲹ, its contents i.e., ʰⲹśٳٲ, վ, Tithi, Ś and śܳ are being dealt with. The third chapter will be an attempt to explain the meanings of the term vrata, along with a discussion on certain Vratas depicted in the second part of the ҲṅgᲹ i.e., ҲṅgᲹ II The fourth chapter is meant for an interpretative study of various Vratas of the ҲṅgᲹ II classified into general and particular groups. In the fifth chapter, it is attempted to show as to how the prescripts of the ҲṅgᲹ have become responsible to help in the growth of a particular School of socio-religious culture in Assamese society. Its impact on academic scenario besides socio-cultural and religious aspects is also taken in this regard. In the last chapter the concluding remarks are going to be presented.

While preparing this thesis I have gone mainly through the printed version of the ҲṅgᲹ edited by Ramānāth Goswami Vidyālaṅkāra of Gaurīpur, Dhuburi. It was published by him in two parts in 1931 CE and 1937 CE respectively. A few manuscripts of the ҲṅgᲹ are also consulted in this regard.

HYPOTHESIS

The ҲṅgᲹ is a text of 󲹰śٰ which is still occupying an important position in the socio-religious life of the people of Assam.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the present study are�

a) to draw a concrete idea on ҲṅgᲹ and its author.
b) to make an interpretative study of the Vratas depicted in the second part of the ҲṅgᲹ (ҲṅgᲹ II).
c) to assess the influence of the ҲṅgᲹ upon the Assamese society.

METHODOLOGY

The methodology followed in this research project is descriptive cum analytical.

Maitreyee Goswami
Date: 18/03/2019

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