Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva (Study)
by Sajitha. A | 2018 | 50,171 words
This page relates ‘Karaka (i): Karmapravacaniya� of the study on the Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva from the 11th century A.D. The Vasudevavijayam is an educational poem belonging to the Shastra-Kavya category of technical Sanskrit literature. The Vasudevavijayam depicts in 657 verses the story of Lord Krishna while also elucidates the grammatical rules of the Ashtadhyayi of Panini (teaching the science of grammar). The subject-content of the poem was taken from the tenth Skandha of the Bhagavatapurana.
Kāraka (i): īⲹ
īⲹ are the particles which govern a substantive and qualify a verb and differ from other particles termed Upasarga and Gati. The word īⲹ is a big term compared with other technical terms such as ṭi, ghi, ghu etc. which generally do not exceed more than two syllables. The word īⲹ is not merely a technical term. It contains a definition of itself in it. It means that which qualifies or speaks about (proktvanta) an action (karma) is so called.
ṇiԾ’s 첹ūٰ 첹ī� (1/4/83) means, from this point as far as the aphorism īś (1/4/97) the particles treated of, are to be understood as having the name of īⲹ. These are many particles in this contest. ܻ𱹲 employs all these in his poetry with a proper manner and respective order as seen in ṇiīⲹ.
ܻ𱹲 starts the illustration of īⲹ with the particle anu. For this he composes the verse,
峾ⲹ첹岵첹śǰ첹Ծīṣyṇ� saha rājakīyai� |
karmandivandyā prakathayya � tirodadhe'nu ٲԲ⾱ٲԳܱ貹峾 ||(ܻ𱹲vijaya 3.55)
Here ٲԲ⾱ٲԳܱ貹峾 anu tirodadhe forms the example for Գܰṣaṇe (1/4/84) which means, the word anu when it denotes a sign, is called īⲹ. The word ṣaṇa, means, an attendant circumstance, invariable concomitant or accident in its logical sense and note merely an occasional concurrence. The force of anu, in this case is that of after, in consequence of, because of, or being indicated by. Thus being associated with anu, the īⲹ, the word ٲԲ⾱ٲԳܱ貹峾 is used in the second case, as per the rule 첹īⲹܰٱ 屹ī (2/3/8).
Another rule for the īⲹtva of anu, is ṛtīٳ (1/4/85); the word anu is īⲹ when it has the force of third case. The suggestive meaning of anu, in this case will be that of with or along with.
In the verse,
vyāmohamanvavasitena hṛdā nṛpo'pi prakṣīya so'kṣitadhiyau nigalādvimokṣam |
prāpayya śaurimatha tā� ī� ca vākyairakṣīṇasauhṛdamapetaśucāvatānīt || (ܻ𱹲vijaya 3.56)
The portion vyāmoham anu avasitena is the example given for this rule. Here vyāmoham anu means 峾dzԲ or along with infatuation. Thus as it bears the sense of the third case, anu have got the name īⲹ; hence the word 峾dz� employs the second case affix.
In the same way, the word anu is īⲹ, when it is used in the sense of inferior or subordinate to.
This is intimated in the rule īԱ (1/4/86) and it is illustrated by ܻ𱹲 as:-
subhṛśamupadidīye mṛtyubhītya īⲹ� hṛdayamanu ca ya� sva� vīryato'maṃsta viśvam |
svajanamaparimeyakrauryamojāyamāna� nṛpatiratha sa paśyanpraṇyagādītpraṇeyam || (ܻ𱹲vijaya 5.59)
In this verse ś� svamanu amaṃsta is the example, which means ‘considered the word inferior to one self�. Here the word anu gives the meaning of inferior. Hence it is īⲹ and the word svam which is associated with it, used in the second case.
Next, ܻ𱹲 together gives examples for four rules in a single verse. i.e.,
sarvo'pi upa guṇairjagatīha teṣāṃ na sthīyate nahi jananādvaśe va� |
tebhyaśca ṣmapa me suhṛto'nukārya� naivāsti vartanamapi stha ca mā� sahārdā� || (ܻ𱹲vijaya 5.60)
Here, in the portion upa bhavati, the word upa is a īⲹ as per the rule upo'dhike ca (1/4/87). According to this rule the word upa when it means superior or inferior to is īⲹ. In this context, ܻ𱹲 uses the term upa in the sense of inferior and hence it called īⲹ thus the word employs the second case affix.
Another part ṣm apa is given for the rule apaparī varjane (1/4/88). The words apa and pari are īⲹ, when they have the meaning exclusion. The force of apa in this case is that of with the exception of. Thus apa is a īⲹ, and hence the word ṣm employs the fifth case affix by the rule 貹ñⲹṅp�(2/3/10).
Then the next rule � maryādāvacane (1/4/89) is illustrated here itself as ᲹԲ | The word � as far as, is īⲹ, when it expresses the meaning limit. The word ᲹԲ means as far as the birth. Here � expresses a limit and also is a īⲹ. Thus the word janana associated with � is used in the fifth case.
The rule 岵 (1/4/91) is also exemplified here as māmabhi | The word abhi is īⲹ in the senses of ṣaṇa (in the direction of), itthaṃbhūtākham (as regards) and ī (each severally) but not when it means division or share of. In this example the word abhi has its sense ṣaṇa (direction of) and it is īⲹ as per this rule. Thus it is used in the second case.
In the same way, ܻ𱹲 gives examples for almost all the rules regarding īⲹ, with the exception of one or two. These are also maintained the respective order of ṇiīⲹ.
Thus, ܻ𱹲 has gone through all the 첹 and vibhaktis. He does justice with the order and principles of ṇiԾ. In some cases, ܻ𱹲 has excluded some of the rules. This may be because of their lucidity or easiness to convey. At the same time, he is reluctant to illustrate the ٳپ. But sometimes, some of them where included in certain contexts also. From this, it can be assume that ܻ𱹲 has no prime intension to illustrate the ٳپ첹. He tried to explain or exemplify the Paninian rules only. This is not a case of 첹 only, but all sections.