Essay name: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)
Author: William James Arraj
The essay represents a study and partial English translation of the Svacchandatantra and its commentary, “Uddyota�, by Kshemaraja. The text, attributed to the deity Svacchanda-bhairava, has various names and demonstrates a complex history of transmission through diverse manuscript traditions in North India, Nepal, and beyond.
Page 243 of: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)
243 (of 511)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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237
resolves the potential conflict of revelation by attributing the
discrepancy to the intrusion of human textual compilers. 1 Above
follow Janalokaá¸� (p. 222), the abode of sages such as EkapÄdaá¸�,
and Tapolokaá¸�, the abode of the sons of BrahmÄ, Sanakaá¸�, and so
forth. 2 A parenthetical verse (p. 223, vs. 523), taken by
Ká¹£emarÄjaá¸� as a reference to the Bá¹›hattantraá¸�, i.e., presumably,
the original larger version of this and other tantras, then tallies up
the number of worlds from Bhurlokah, the earth, to the next
world, Satyaloka�.
In Satyaloka� (pp. 223-228), at the summit of the traditional
brÄhmaṇical cosmos, resides BrahmÄ, surrounded by the
magnificent and embodied archetypes of the Vedic texts (pp. 224-
277). As befitting a sovereign, the text describes (pp. 227-228)
him seated on his throne, and surrounded by his retinue, at a
suitable distance above Satyaloka�. At this point, after the
standard seven worlds, sectarian cosmologies have added on their
own additional worlds. This addition reflects the overall process of
inclusion, adaptation, and extension that characterizes the
evolution of sectarian Hinduism. Accordingly, as a Åšaiva work, the
text next describes, only briefly, the world of Visnu�, where his
devotees accede, and then extensively, the world of Rudra� lying
beyond it.
The text glowingly depicts (pp. 232-240) the rivers, flowers,
and at length, especially the lovely women to be enjoyed in this
world. There follows (pp. 240-248) a similar glorifying depiction of
the palace and then (pp. 248-253) of the enthroned Rudra� himself
and his consort. At one time, presumably, when this form of
Rudra� was the supreme lord, these graphic verses celebrated, as
1 V. his commentary, p.221, quoted supra in section 1.2.4.
2 In sorne PurÄṇas, by contrast, the sons of BrahmÄ reside in
Janalokaá¸�, and the VairÄjÄá¸� gods in Tapolokah; v. Kirfel, Die
Kosmographie, p.142, and H.H. Wilson, The Vishnu PurÄṇa, p.175.
