Essay name: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)
Author: William James Arraj
The essay represents a study and partial English translation of the Svacchandatantra and its commentary, “Uddyota�, by Kshemaraja. The text, attributed to the deity Svacchanda-bhairava, has various names and demonstrates a complex history of transmission through diverse manuscript traditions in North India, Nepal, and beyond.
Page 134 of: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)
134 (of 511)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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128
Additional internal evidence also points to at least partial
interpolation. To the account of the construction and worship of
the matrix, the text appends a description of the correlation of the
phoneme classes (vargÄá¸�) and the seven mothers (p. 29). At the
end (p. 31) come a panegryic coda, and the statement, "thus
Bhairava� said (evam bhairavo bravit)." This coda and the self-
reference to Bhairava�, of a type not normally found in the
dialogue frame of Svacchandatantram, suggest that redactors
incorporated from another source a ceremony directed toward the
popular seven mothers. 1 Ká¹£emarÄjaá¸� corroborates this supposition
by attempting to harmonize, as a mere ceremonial difference, the
discrepancy between this enumeration of the seven mothers and
the description found elsewhere in Svacchandatantram of the
mothers. 2
The rest of the first book (pp. 31-69) describes the next
requested topic, the formulæ, whose extraction or production
comes after the worship of the matrix. Correct knowledge of the
formulæ, naturally, forms the prerequisite for the performance of
the rituals and meditations presented by the rest of the books of
Svacchandatantram. The formulæ mediate interactions with the
gods, with whom they share a virtual identity. 3
During a ritual performance, the officiant must provide a
seat for the invited deity. Thus, here, the text first describes the
formula seat, Ananta�, represented by h + aum (pp. 32-33). Then
1 Cf., for example, the description and analysis of the
emanation of phonemes from the matrix in Abhinavagupta's
commentary (ParÄtrimÅ›ikÄtattvavivaraṇam) on the ParÄtrimÅ›ikÄ
vss.5-9a, in Raniero Gnoli, Il commento di Abhinavagupta alla
ParÄtrimÅ›ikÄ, Serie Orientale Roma 58 (Rome: Istituto Italiano per il
Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1985), pp.57ff, and pp.219ff.
2 V. pp. 30-31, where Ká¹£emarÄjaá¸� rationalizes a conflict with
the statements about the mothers in bk.10, pp. 418ff.
3 V. supra section 1.2.3.
