Essay name: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)
Author: William James Arraj
The essay represents a study and partial English translation of the Svacchandatantra and its commentary, “Uddyota�, by Kshemaraja. The text, attributed to the deity Svacchanda-bhairava, has various names and demonstrates a complex history of transmission through diverse manuscript traditions in North India, Nepal, and beyond.
Page 133 of: Svacchandatantra (history and structure)
133 (of 511)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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127
(p. 21). Next (p. 22), the text describes the dangers of the bad
master. Logically, this should follow immediately after the
characterization of the bad master; this displacement warrants
assuming, therefore, either confusion in the transmission of the
text, or supplementation with material on the bad master from
another source, added, as Kṣemarāja� notes, after the description
of the bad disciple. Both Svacchanda tantram itself and Kṣemarāja�
in his commentary on these initial topics stress the same theme;
the ritual does not work automatically, ex opere operato, but
requires for its efficacy the fufillment of stipulated preconditions on
the part of both master and initiate. 1
The next topic, the ritual ground (bhūmi�) follows (p. 24) in
accordance with the sequence of requested topics. Then the text
describes the ritually prepared master (pp. 26-27), who constructs
on this selected ground, a diagram of a matrix (mātṛkā) from
which he subsequently extracts the formulæ (mantrā�). The
description of the matrix construction (pp. 26-31) intervenes,
therefore, between the explicitly requested topics of the ritual
ground and the formulæ. Later redactors, therefore, might have
interpolated this description of the matrix from other scriptures
containing developed theories of emanation modeled on the Sanskrit
alphabet. Svacchandatantram does not elsewhere refer to these
speculations. If, instead, the early compilers considered the
construction of the matrix to be an ancillary but required
preliminary for any use of formulæ, then perhaps they did not
feel any need to enumerate it separately in the table of contents.
Or later redactors could have revised an original ritual of formulæ
extraction to conform to alternative practices using such a matrix.
1 In keeping with his overall noetic perspective, Kṣemarāja�
(p.24) quotes a traditional adage, stressing that the essential
characteristic of the master is knowledge: "sarvalakṣaṇahino ‘pi
ñԲԲܰܰܳٳٲ�.
"
