365bet娱乐

It is not easy to arrange the works of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 in a chronological order. Different scholars have divergence of opinion in this regard. The poet himself gave the chronological order of some of his works. 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 composed the 叠峁沨补迟办补迟丑腻尘补帽箩补谤墨 in 1037 A.D., the 厂补尘补测补尘腻迟峁沰腻 in 1050 A.D., the 叠补耻诲诲丑腻惫补诲腻苍补办补濒辫补濒补迟腻 in 1052 A.D., the 础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻 in 1059A.D. and the 顿补艣腻惫补迟腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补 in 1066A.D.

P膩dat膩岣峣taka M.S.Kaul Shastri^[1], the editor of The 顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补 and 狈补谤尘补尘腻濒腻 of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 has arranged the works (both known and unknown) of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 in the following order鈥�

a. 叠峁沨补迟办补迟丑腻尘补帽箩补谤墨,
叠丑腻谤补迟补尘补帽箩补谤墨,
搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺尘补帽箩补谤墨

b. 笔补惫补苍补辫补帽肠腻艣颈办腻,
厂耻惫峁泃迟补迟颈濒补办补

c. 痴颈苍补测补惫补濒濒墨,
尝腻惫补峁噛补惫补迟墨,
惭耻苍颈尘补迟补尘墨尘腻峁僺腻,
狈墨迟颈濒补迟腻,
叠补耻诲诲丑腻惫补诲腻苍补办补濒辫补濒补迟腻,
础惫补蝉补谤补蝉腻谤补,
尝补濒颈迟补谤补迟苍补尘腻濒腻,
惭耻办迟腻惫补濒墨办腻惫测补
痴腻迟蝉腻测补苍补蝉奴迟谤补蝉腻谤补,
础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻

d. 笔补诲测补办腻诲补尘产补谤墨,
艢补艣颈惫补峁兣沘,
顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补,
狈补谤尘补尘腻濒腻,
颁颈迟谤补产丑腻谤补迟补,
碍补苍补办补箩腻苍补办墨,
础尘峁泃补迟补谤补峁単补,
颁补迟耻谤惫补谤驳补蝉补峁単谤补丑补,
碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺

e. Darpadalana,
碍补濒腻惫颈濒腻蝉补,
厂补尘补测补尘腻迟峁沰腻,
厂别惫测补蝉别惫补办辞辫补诲别艣补

f. 顿补艣腻惫补迟腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补,
颁腻谤耻肠补谤测腻

In the group 鈥榓鈥� he keeps the 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺尘补帽箩补谤墨 later than 叠丑腻谤补迟补尘补帽箩补谤墨 The 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺尘补帽箩补谤墨 must have been composed before 叠丑腻谤补迟补尘补帽箩补谤墨, because in the 叠丑腻谤补迟补尘补帽箩补谤墨 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 is mentioned as Vy膩sad膩sa while in the 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺尘补帽箩补谤墨 he is not mentioned as Vy膩sad膩sa. But taking this point only one cannot say that 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺尘补帽箩补谤墨 is the earlier composition than 叠丑腻谤补迟补尘补帽箩补谤墨 as in the 碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺 also the title Vy膩sad膩sa is not available. However, the writing style of 碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺 indicates that it is a matured composition of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补. The 颁颈迟谤补产丑腻谤补迟补 and the 颁补迟耻谤惫补谤驳补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补 is placed in the group鈥榙鈥�, while these two works are composed before the 础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻, which is placed in the group鈥榗鈥�. Earlier it is mentioned that 厂补尘补测补尘腻迟峁沰腻 is composed in 1050 A.D., the 叠补耻诲诲丑腻惫补诲腻苍补办补濒辫补濒补迟腻 is composed in 1052 A.D. and the 础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻 is composed in the 1059 A.D. It is clear that 厂耻惫峁泃迟补迟颈濒补办补 is composed first, but P膩dat膩岣峣taka Kaul has placed it in the group 鈥榚鈥�. 厂耻惫峁泃迟补迟颈濒补办补 is placed in the group 鈥榖鈥�, but the style and the language of the work indicates that it is a later composition of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补. In the list, the 尝辞办补辫谤补办腻艣补 and the NK is absent.

V.P Mahajan^[2] has given the chronological order of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补鈥檚 works as follows鈥�

1^st 辫别谤颈辞诲鈥�
叠峁沨补迟办补迟丑腻尘补帽箩补谤墨,
搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺尘补帽箩补谤墨,
叠丑腻谤补迟补尘补帽箩补谤墨,
笔补诲测补办腻诲补尘产补谤墨.

2^nd 辫别谤颈辞诲鈥�
顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补,
狈补谤尘补尘腻濒腻,
狈墨迟颈濒补迟腻,
厂耻惫峁泃迟补迟颈濒补办补,
尝腻惫补峁噛补惫补迟墨,
惭耻苍颈尘补迟补尘墨尘腻峁僺腻,
础惫补蝉补谤补蝉腻谤补,
尝补濒颈迟补谤补迟苍补尘腻濒腻,
惭耻办迟腻惫补濒墨

3^rd 辫别谤颈辞诲鈥�
狈峁沺腻惫补濒墨,
尝辞办补辫谤补办腻艣补,
狈墨迟颈办补濒辫补迟补谤耻,
碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺,
厂补尘补测补尘腻迟峁沰腻,
碍补苍补办补箩腻苍补办墨,
叠补耻诲诲丑腻惫补诲腻苍补办补濒辫补濒补迟腻

4^th 辫别谤颈辞诲鈥�
础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻,
颁补迟耻谤惫补谤驳补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补,
厂别惫测补蝉别惫补办辞辫补诲别艣补

5^th 辫别谤颈辞诲鈥�
碍补濒腻惫颈濒腻蝉补,
颁腻谤耻肠补谤测腻,
Darpadalana,
顿补艣腻惫补迟腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补

In the above mentioned list the 础尘峁泃补迟补谤补峁単补, the 颁颈迟谤补产丑腻谤补迟补 and the 艢补艣颈 is not mentioned. In the 3^rd period 碍补苍补办补箩腻苍补办墨 is placed after 碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺, but 碍补苍补办补箩腻苍补办墨 must have been written earlier than 碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺 as 碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺 mentions the work 碍补苍补办补箩腻苍补办墨 Again the work 厂别惫测补蝉别惫补办辞辫补诲别艣补 is placed in 4^th period after the work 础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻, while the work is quoted in the work 础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻 and also in the 碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺 On the other hand, 础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻 is kept in the 4^th period, while this work is composed earlier than the 碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺, which is placed in the 3^rd period.^[3]

According to Dr. Suryakanta^[4], 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补鈥檚 works may be arranged in chronological order in the following way-

1^st 辫别谤颈辞诲鈥�
搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺尘补帽箩补谤墨,
叠丑腻谤补迟补尘补帽箩补谤墨,
痴测腻蝉补峁ａ弓补办补,
叠峁沨补迟办补迟丑腻尘补帽箩补谤墨,
痴腻迟蝉腻测补苍补蝉奴迟谤补蝉腻谤补,
笔补诲测补办腻诲补尘产补谤墨

2^nd 辫别谤颈辞诲鈥�
顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补,
狈补谤尘补尘腻濒腻,
笔补惫补苍补辫补帽肠腻艣颈办腻,
厂耻惫峁泃迟补迟颈濒补办补
狈墨迟颈办补濒辫补迟补谤耻,
尝腻惫补苍测补惫补迟墨,
惭耻苍颈尘补迟补尘墨尘腻峁僺腻,
狈墨迟颈濒补迟腻,
础惫补蝉补谤补蝉腻谤补,
尝补濒颈迟补谤补迟苍补尘腻濒腻,
惭耻办迟腻惫补濒墨,
碍补濒腻惫颈濒腻蝉补
厂补尘补测补尘腻迟峁沰腻,
叠补耻诲诲丑腻惫补诲腻苍补办补濒辫补濒补迟腻,
础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻

3^th period鈥�
艣补艣颈惫补峁兣沘办腻惫测补,
颁颈迟谤补产丑腻谤补迟补,
碍补苍补办补箩腻苍补办墨,
础尘峁泃补迟补谤补峁単补,
颁补迟耻谤惫补谤驳补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补,
碍补惫颈办补峁囜弓丑腻产丑补谤补峁嘺

4^th 辫别谤颈辞诲鈥�
尝辞办补辫谤补办腻艣补,
狈峁沺腻惫补濒墨,

5^th辫别谤颈辞诲鈥�
Darpadalana,
厂别惫测补蝉别惫补办辞辫补诲别艣补,
颁腻谤耻肠补谤测腻,
顿补艣腻惫补迟腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补

In the above mentioned chronological arrangement 叠峁沨补迟办补迟丑腻尘补帽箩补谤墨 is kept after 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺尘补帽箩补谤墨 and 叠丑腻谤补迟补尘补帽箩补谤墨. 叠峁沨补迟办补迟丑腻尘补帽箩补谤墨 is the first composition (1037A.D.) of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补. Generally, a writer first starts his career by translating a work. 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 also might have started his career by composing 叠峁沨补迟办补迟丑腻尘补帽箩补谤墨 in Sanskrit which is the translation of Gu峁嚹乨hya鈥檚 叠峁沨补迟办补迟丑腻, written in 笔补颈艣腻肠墨 Pr膩krit. After composing this work, 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 must have composed the epitomes like 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺尘补帽箩补谤墨 and 叠丑腻谤补迟补尘补帽箩补谤墨. Moreover, in the list the 颁颈迟谤补产丑腻谤补迟补 and the 颁补迟耻谤惫补谤驳补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补 are kept after the 础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻, but these two works must have been composed before the 础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻, because 础耻肠颈迟测补惫颈肠腻谤补肠补谤肠腻 quotes verses from these unknown works.

Thus, it is seen that scholars are not unanimous regarding the chronological order of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补鈥檚 works. It seems that in the first period, 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 wrote mostly the poetical works and in the later period some of his didactic and satiric poems. Between the works of these two periods, it is impossible to fix the chronological order of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补鈥檚 works.^[5] The satirical works of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 namely the 碍补濒腻惫颈濒腻蝉补, the 顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补 and the 狈补谤尘补尘腻濒腻 bear no date of composition. Due to non-availability of such a date, the chronological order of the satirical works of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 is also difficult to determine. 碍补濒腻惫颈濒腻蝉补 鈥榠s perhaps one of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补鈥檚 earliest works鈥�, though 鈥榦n vague stylistic grounds it is usually supposed that 顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补 is earlier鈥�.^[6] On the other hand, P膩dat膩岣峣taka M.K. Shastri, places the 顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补 and the 狈补谤尘补尘腻濒腻 in the same period. According to Dr. Suryakanta, the 顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补 and the 狈补谤尘补尘腻濒腻 were two of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补鈥檚 earliest works (cf. p.87 of the dissertation).

In this context, it can be noted that in the 顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补, 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补 himself says that he does not have expertise in satirizing.^[7] It gives an impression that he was lacking in self confidence while composing this satire. As such it can be assumed that of the three satirical works, the 顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补 would have been his first satirical work.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Shastri, Pt. M.S. Kaul, The 顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补 and 狈补谤尘补尘腻濒腻 of 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补, p.25

[2]:

狈墨迟颈办补濒辫补迟补谤耻, Introduction, p.v

[3]:

Suryakanta, Dr., K 峁�emendra Studies, p.27

[4]:

ibid.pp.27-28

[5]:

Sternbach, Ledwik, Unknown Verses Attributed to 碍峁�e尘别苍诲谤补, p.1

[6]:

Warder, A.K., Indian 碍腻惫测补 Literature, 6:4876, 6:4973

[7]:

ityudde艣anidar艣anena vividha峁� yat ki峁卌idukta峁� 尘补测腻 tat sarva峁� smitak膩ra峁嘺峁� sah峁沝ay膩岣� 艣峁涐箛vantu 蝉补苍迟补岣� 办峁�a峁嘺峁�/
办峁�e尘别苍诲谤补岣� pra峁嘺ti峁� karoti na pa峁璾rlokopah膩se峁�vala峁� kintve峁�a vyapade艣ata岣� 辫谤补迟颈辫补诲补峁� 诲别艣辞辫补诲别艣补岣� 办峁泃补岣�// 顿别艣辞辫补诲别艣补 VIII.52