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It is also a matter of debate among philosophical systems whether the individual soul exists in singular or plural. In worldly life it is very clear that each and every creature has its own pleasures, pains and feelings. But on discussing about the ultimate reality, the non-dual systems cannot accept the plurality of selves. Systems like 厂腻峁卥丑测补 accept and justify the reality of plurality of selves.^[1]

Utpala says that one and the only soul exists in every being, and it is 惭补丑别艣惫补谤补:

sv膩tmaiva sarvajant奴n膩峁� eka eva 尘补丑别艣惫补谤补岣�^[2]

Here the word Sarvajant奴n膩峁� (of all creatures) denotes the plurality of individuals. But in the same verse one and only 惭补丑别艣惫补谤补 (eka eva 尘补丑别艣惫补谤补岣�) denotes the oneness or singularity. Thus it is clear that although there are a lot of individuals, but the essence underlies in only one 膧迟尘补. According to 笔谤补迟测补产丑颈箩帽腻 the plurality is caused by 惭腻测腻 the deluding power of 惭补丑别艣惫补谤补. From the first verse to the last Utpala explicitly says that the individual self accepted in 笔谤补迟测补产丑颈箩帽腻 is one and the same 惭补丑别艣惫补谤补, even though it seems as many.^[3] Advaita Ved膩nta also denies the plurality of the soul. It also accepts that the plural experience is due to 惭腻测腻.^[4] In 惭腻峁囜笉奴办测补办腻谤颈办腻产丑腻峁�y补 and other works 艢补峁卥补谤补 logically established the non-dual entity of selves after refuting the 厂腻峁卥丑测补s and other Dvaitins.^[5] But in 痴测补惫补丑腻谤补 (empirical level), which is accepted by both systems, there exist the plurality of selves.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

jananamara峁嘺kara峁嚹乶膩峁� pratiniyam膩dayugapatprav峁泃te艣ca | 辫耻谤耻峁�a产补丑耻迟惫补峁� 蝉颈诲诲丑补峁� traigu峁噛aviparyay膩ccaiva || S膩峁卥hy膩办腻谤颈办腻 of 莫艣varak峁涐梗峁嘺, 18.

[2]:

莫艣惫补谤补辫谤补迟测补产丑颈箩帽腻-办腻谤颈办腻, 4.1.1.

[3]:

cid膩tmaiva hi devo'nta岣�sthitamicch膩va艣膩dbahi岣� | 莫艣varapratyabhij帽膩-办腻谤颈办腻, 1.5.7. e峁�a c膩nanta艣aktitv膩t evam膩bh膩sayatyam奴n | 莫艣惫补谤补辫谤补迟测补产丑颈箩帽腻-办腻谤颈办腻, 2.4.1.

[4]:

Vide Advaitaprakara峁嘺 in M膩峁嘾奴kya办腻谤颈办腻 and in its 叠丑腻峁�y补.

[5]:

Ibid., 3.5-7. Also vide 叠谤补丑尘补蝉奴迟谤补-艣腻峁卥补谤补-产丑腻峁�y补, 2.3.50-51; BUSB, 2.1.20.