Mayamata and Building Construction (study)
by Ripan Ghosh | 2024 | 61,593 words
This page relates ‘Grihavinyasa (The Layout programme)� of the study dealing with Mayamata—an ancient Indian architectural treatise dealing with building construction (bhavana-nirmana). It forms part of “Vastuvidya�: a stream of Sanskrit technical literature encompassing village and town planning, temple architecture and other aspects like site selection, orientation, and structural arrangements aimed at promoting harmony and prosperity.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Part 8.2 - Gṛhavinyāsa (The Layout programme)
[Full title: Features of houses for the four classes (ٳܰṛh-Բ) (2) Layout programme (ṛhԲ)]
The boundary line of these aforementioned buildings must be drawn by īūٰ or 貹ᲹԳٲūٰ. It is prescribed that the rectangular or square shaped site should be divided into sixty-four pada or squares. To create these sixty-four pada, six rajju (rope), eight (vessel, vein), and four ṃs can be drawn as their intersections, since the vulnerable points (ѲԲ) on the side that should be avoided carefully.
Chapter nine of the Mayamata i.e Ұ峾Բ indicates the places in the building that should be avoided. These include the heart, bones of the ٳܱܰś, the stakes, lines of the diagram, their intersections, the diagonals, and parallels., These places are called vulnerable points (ٳԲ) of a building. This significant topic is discussed in several other texts of ٳśٰ. The text ٳܱ states that the lines that make the diagram are called ḍi (literally known as vassal, vein, and artery). These 徱 should be drawn from the north side to the south, where ṃś� (cane, beam, or bone) should be arranged from east to west in a parallel order. From the two diagonals, each can get four parallels in the eighty-one 貹岹ٳ, and it gets two parallels when the diagram comprises sixty-four pada. This text of architecture refers to the intersection points of the diagram, lines, diagonals, and parallels as vulnerable points of the building.
Maya says that:
hṛdaye vaṃśasthāne śūle sūtre ca sandhau ca |
karṇayā� ṣaṭke noktānyamarālayādīni || (Mayamata 7.86)[“These are the six places where there should be no temples or buildings of that kind: the heart (of the diagrame), their intersections and diagonals (and) parallels.”][1]
Maya does not clarify the making process of sixty-four square diagrams. It is mentioned that to make this sixty-four diagram six rajjus, four ղṃśa and eight s are required though it is not clear, how these measurements units will make the diagram.
It is stated that a learned sthapati should always carefully avoid the vulnerable points; otherwise, it would cause total damage of the building.
marmaśūla� ca yatnena varjayet vāstukovida� |
sūtrādīnā� gṛhāṅgaiśca īḍ� cet sarvanāśana� || (Mayamata 27.17 )
Indeed, the vulnerable points, especially the heart of the ٳܱܰṣa, are typically positioned near the candle of the construction. Pillars or other constructions at that location can disrupt the proper orientation of the building. According to principles in ٳśٰ this disruption can affect the flow of energy and harmony within the structure.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
B. Dagens, Mayamata, vol.1. p-79